BhG 18.32

adharmaṃ dharmam iti yā manyate tamasāvṛtā
sarvārthān viparītāṃś ca buddhiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī

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syntax


he pārtha (O son of Pṛthā!),
tamasā (by darkness) yā āvṛtā [buddhiḥ] (which intelligence is covered) adharmam dharmam iti („lawlessness is the law”) manyate (it thinks),
sarvārthān ca viparītān (all things as reverse) [manyate] (it thinks),
sā buddhiḥ (that intelligence) tāmasī [asti] (is tamasic).

 

grammar

adharmam – adharma 2n.1 m. – lawlessness (from: √dhṛ – to hold);
dharmam – dharma 2n.1 m. – the law (from: √dhṛ – to hold);
iti – av. – thus (used to close the quotation);
yā – yat sn. 1n.1 f. – which;
manyate – √man (to think) Praes. Ā 1v.1 – it thinks;
tamasā – tamas 3n.1 n. – by darkness, gloom, dullness, passivity, one of the three guṇas (from: √tam – to choke, to faint, to perish, to stop);
āvṛtā – āvṛtā (ā-√vṛ – to cover) PP 1n.1 f. – covered;
sarvārthān – sarva-artha 2n.3 m.; sarvān arthān iti – all things (from: sarva – all, whole; √arth – to strive to obtain, to desire, to request artha – purpose, advantage, concern, object, wealth, use);
viparītān – viparīta (vi-pari-√xi – to turn round, to return) PP 2n.3 m. – reversed, wrong, contrary;
ca – av. – and;
buddhiḥ – buddhi 1n.1 f. – intelligence, thought, understanding, knowledge, idea, opinion (from: √budh – to wake, to perceive, to understand);
sā – tat sn. 1n.1 f. – that;
pārtha – pārtha 8n.1 m. – O son of Pṛthā (from: √pṛth – to extend, pṛthā – Kuntī, mother of the sons of Pāṇḍu);
tāmasī – tāmasī 1n.1 f. – pertaining to tamas, tamasic (from: √tam – to choke, to faint, to perish, to stop; tamas – darkness, gloom, dullness, passivity, one of the three guṇas);

 

textual variants


adharmaṁ dharmam iti → adharmyaṁ dharmyam iti (lawlessness is the law);
manyate → budhyate (he understands);
tamasāvṛtā → tamasānvitā / tamaso ‘nvitā (covered by darkness / because of darkness covered);
ca → tu (but);
sarvārthān viparītāṁś ca → sarvārtha-rūpa-retāṁś ca;
pārtha tāmasī → tāmasī matā (considered tamasic);
 
 



Śāṃkara


adharmaṃ pratiṣiddhaṃ dharmaṃ vihitam iti yā manyate jānāti tamasāvṛtā satī, sarvārthān sarvān eva jñeya-padārthān viparītāṃś ca viparītān eva vijānāti, buddhiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī
 

Rāmānuja


tāmasī tu buddhiḥ tamasāvṛtā satī sarvārthān viparītān manyate / adharmaṃ dharmaṃ, dharmaṃ cādharmaṃ, santaṃ cārtham asantam, asantam cārthaṃ santaṃ, paraṃ ca tattvam aparam, aparaṃ ca tattvaṃ param / evaṃ sarvaṃ viparītaṃ manyata ity arthaḥ
 

Śrīdhara


tāmasīṃ buddhim āha adharmam iti | viparīta-grāhiṇī buddhis tāmasīty arthaḥ | buddhir antaḥkaraṇaṃ pūrvoktam | jñānaṃ tu tad-vṛttiḥ | dhṛtir api tad-vṛttir eva | yad vā antaḥkaraṇasya dharmiṇo buddhir apy adhyavasāya-lakṣaṇā vṛttir eva | icchā-dveṣādīnāṃ tad-vṛttīnāṃ bahutve ‚pi dharmādharma-bhayābhaya-sādhanatvena prādhānyād etāsāṃ traividhyam uktam | upalakṣaṇaṃ caitad anyāsām
 

Viśvanātha


yā manyata iti | kuṭhāraś chinattītivat yayā manyata ity arthaḥ
 

Baladeva


tāmasīṃ buddhim āha adharmam iti | viparīta-grāhiṇī buddhis tāmasīty arthaḥ | sarvārthān viparītāni sādhum asādhum asādhuṃ ca sādhuṃ, paraṃ tattvam aparam aparaṃ ca tattvaṃ param ity evaṃ sarvān arthān viparītān manyata ity arthaḥ
 
 



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