BhG 9.19

syntax

he arjuna (O Arjuna!),
aham (I) tapāmi (I burn),
aham (I) varṣam (rain) utsṛjāmi (I let go) nigṛhṇāmi ca (and I hold back),
[aham] ca eva (and I indeed) amṛtam (immortality) mṛtyuḥ ca (and death) [asmi] (I am),
[aham] (I) sat (existence) asat ca (and non-existence) [asmi] (I am).

grammar

tapāmi	–	√tap (to scorch) Praes. P 3v.1 – I burn
aham	–	asmat sn. 1n.1 – I;
aham	–	asmat sn. 1n.1 – I;
varṣam	–	varṣa 2n.1 m. – rain, rainy season, year (from: √vṛṣ – to rain);
nigṛhṇāmi	–	ni-√grah (to hold back) Praes. P 3v.1 – I hold back
utsṛjāmi	–	ut-√sṛj (to let go, to emit) Praes. P 3v.1 – I let go, I emit;
ca	–	av. – and;
amṛtam	–	a-mṛta 2n.1 n. – not dead, nectar, immortality (from: √mṛ – to die; PP mṛta – dead);
ca	–	av. – and;
eva	–	av. – certainly, just, merely;
mṛtyuḥ	–	mṛtyu 1n.1 m. – death (from: √mṛ – to die);
ca	–	av. – and;
sat	–	sant (√as – to be) PPr 1n.1 n. – being, existing, true, the essence;
asat	–	a-sant (√as – to be) PPr 1n.1 n. – untrue, non-existing (from: sant – being, existing, true, the essence);
ca	–	av. – and;
aham	–	asmat sn. 1n.1 – I;
arjuna	–	arjuna 8n.1 m. – white, clear, O Arjuna;

textual variants

utsṛjāmi → utsṛjāni;

Śāṃkara

kiṃ ca—

tapāmy aham ādityo bhūtvā kaiścit raśmibhir ulbaṇaiḥ | ahaṃ varṣaṃ kaiścid raśmibhir utsṛjāmi | utsṛjya punar nigṛhṇāmi kaiścid raśmibhir aṣṭabhir māsaiḥ punar utsṛjāmi prāvṛṣi | amṛtaṃ caiva devānām, mṛtyuś ca martyānām | sad yasya yat saṃbandhitayā vidyamānaṃ tat, tad-viparītam asac caivāham arjuna | na punar atyantam evāsad bhagavān, svayaṃ kārya-kāraṇe vā sad-asatī

Rāmānuja

agnyādityādirūpeṇāham eva tapāmi; grīṣmādāv aham eva varṣaṃ nigṛhṇāmi / tathā varṣāsu cāham evotsṛjāmi / amṛtaṃ caiva mṛtyuś ca / yena jīvati loko yena ca mriyate, tadubhayam aham eva / kim atra bahunoktena; sadasac cāham eva / sad yad vartate, asad yad atītam anāgataṃ ca sarvāvasthāvasthitacidacidvastuśarīratayā tat tat prakāro ‚ham evāvasthita ityarthaḥ / evaṃ bahudhā pṛthaktvena vibhaktanāmarūpāvasthitakṛtsnajagaccharīratayā tatprakāro ‚ham evāvasthita ity ekatvajñānenānanusaṃdadhānāś ca mām upāsate

Śrīdhara

kiṃ ca tapāmy aham iti | ādityātmanā sthitvā nidāgha-kāle tapāmi jagatas tāpaṃ karomi | vṛṣṭi-samaye ca varṣam utsṛjāmi vimuñcāmi | kadācit tu varṣaṃ nigṛhṇāmy ākarṣāmi | amṛtaṃ jīvanaṃ mṛtyuś ca nāśaḥ | sat sthūlaṃ dṛśyam | asac ca sūkṣma-dṛśyam | etaṃ sarvam aham eveti | evaṃ matvā mām eva bahudhopāsata iti pūrvenaivānvayaḥ

Madhusūdana

kiṃ ca tapāmy aham iti | tapāmy aham ādityaḥ san | tataś ca tāpa-vaśād ahaṃ varṣaṃ pūrva-vṛṣṭi-rūpaṃ rasaṃ pṛthivyā nigṛhṇāmy ākarṣāmi kaiścid raśmibhir aṣṭasu māseṣu | punas tam eva nigṛhītaṃ rasaṃ caturṣu māseṣu kaiścid raśmibhir utsṛjāmi ca vṛṣṭi-rūpeṇa prakṣipāmi ca bhūmau | amṛtaṃ ca devānāṃ sarva-prāṇināṃ jīvanaṃ vā | eva-kārasyāham ity anena sambandhaḥ | mṛtyuś ca martyānāṃ sarva-prāṇināṃ vināśo vā | sat yat sambandhitayā yad vidyate tat tatra sat | asac ca yat-sambandhitayā yac ca vidyate tat tatrāsat | etaṃ sarvam aham eva he ‚rjuna | tasmāt sarvātmānaṃ māṃ viditvā sva-svādhikārānusāreṇa bahubhiḥ prakārair mām evopāsata ity upapannam

Viśvanātha

ādityo bhūtvā nidāghe tapāmi prāvṛṣi varṣam utsṛjāmi | kadācic caiva graha-rūpeṇa varṣaṃ nigṛhṇāmi ca | amṛtaṃ mokṣaṃ mṛtyuḥ saṃsāraḥ | sad asat sthūla-sūkṣmaḥ | etat sarvam aham eveti matvā viśvatomukhaṃ mām upāsata iti pūrvenānvayaḥ

Baladeva

aham eva jaga-rūpatayāvasthita ity etat pradarśayati aham iti caturbhiḥ | kratur jyotiṣṭomādiḥ śrauto, yajño vaiśvadevādiḥ smārtaḥ | svadhā pitr-arthe śrāddhādiḥ | auṣadham bheṣajam auṣadhi-prabhavam annaṃ vā | mantro yājyāpuro nu vākyādir yenoddiśya havir devebhyo dīyate | ājyaṃ ghṛta-homādi-sādhanam | agnir homādi-kāraṇam āhavanīyādiḥ | hutaṃ homo haviḥ-prakṣepaḥ | etat sarvātmanāham evāsthitaḥ | pitāham iti | asya sthira-carasya jagatas tatra tatra pitṛtvena mātṛtvena pitāmahatvena cāham eva sthitaḥ | dhātā dhārakatvena poṣakatvena ca tatra tatra sthito rājādiś cāham eva cid-acic-chaktimatas tad-antaryāmiṇo mat teṣām anatirekāt vedyaṃ jñeyaṃ vastu pavitraṃ śuddhikaraṃ gaṅgādi-vāri | jñeye brahmaṇi jñāna-hetur oṅkāraḥ sarva-veda-bīja-bhūtaḥ | ṛg-ādis trividho vedaś ca-śabdād atharva ca grāhyam | teṣu niyatākṣaraḥ pādā ṛk, saiva gīti-viśiṣṭā sāma, sāma-padaṃ tu gītimātrasyaiva vācakam ity anyat | gīti-śūnyam amitākṣaraṃ yajuḥ | etat trividhaṃ karmopayogi-mantra-jātam aham evety arthaḥ |

gatiḥ sādhya-sādhana-bhūtā gamyata iyam anayā ca iti nirukteḥ | bhartā patiḥ | prabhur niyantā | sākṣī śubhāśubha-draṣṭā | nivāso bhoga-sthānaṃ nivasaty atra iti nirukteḥ | śaraṇaṃ prapannārti-hṛta śīrṣyate duḥkham asmin iti nirukteḥ | suhṛn nimitta-hita-kṛt | prabhavādyāḥ svarga-pralaya-sthitayaḥ kriyāḥ | nidhānaṃ nidhir mahā-padmādir nava-vidhaḥ | bījaṃ kāraṇam avyayam avināśi | na tu brīhy-ādivad vināśi |

tapāmīti | sūrya-rūpeṇāham eva nidāghe jagat tapāmi | prāvṛṣi varṣam jalaṃ visṛjāmi megha-rūpeṇa varṣaṃ nigṛhṇāmi ākarṣāmi | amṛtaṃ mokṣaṃ | mṛtyuḥ saṃsāraḥ | sat sthūlaṃ | asat sūkṣmam | etat sarvam aham eva tathā caivaṃ bahuvidha-nāma-rūpāvastha-nikhila-jagad-rūpatayā sthita eka eva śaktimān vāsudeva ity ekatvānusandhinā jñāna-yajñena caike yajanto mām upāsate