BhG 9.18

gatir bhartā prabhuḥ sākṣī nivāsaḥ śaraṇaṃ suhṛt
prabhavaḥ pralayaḥ sthānaṃ nidhānaṃ bījam avyayam

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analysis

syntax

[aham] (I) gatiḥ (path) bhartā (sustainer) prabhuḥ (master) sākṣī (witness) nivāsaḥ (abode) śaraṇam (shelter) suhṛt (well-wisher) prabhavaḥ (source) pralayaḥ (end) sthānam (immovable state) nidhānam (storage place) avyayam (unchangeable) bījam (seed) [asmi] (I am).

grammar

gatiḥ	–	gati 1n.1 f. – moving, passage, means, refuge, goal (from: √gam – to go);
bhartā	–	bhartṛ 1n.1 m. – sustainer (from: √bhṛ – to hold);
prabhuḥ	–	pra-bhu 1n.1 m. – perfect, powerful, rich, master, lord (from: pra- – prefix: in front, much; √bhū – to be);
sākṣī	–	sākṣin 1n.1 m. – eye-witness (from: sa-akṣa – with eyes);
nivāsaḥ	–	nivāsa 1n.1 m. – house, abode (from: ni-√vas – to dwell, to spend time);
śaraṇam	–	śaraṇa 1n.1 n. – shelter, refuge, protection (from: √śri – to turn towards, to lean on, to rest on, to resort);
suhṛt	–	su-hṛt 1n.1 m. – well-wisher (from: su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous; hṛt – heart);
prabhavaḥ	–	prabhava 1n.1 m. – birth, source (from: pra-√bhū – to spring up from, to produce);
pralayaḥ	–	pralaya 1n.1 m. – annihilation, dissolution, end, death (from: pra-√lī – to dissolve, to vanish);
sthānam	–	sthāna 1n.1 n. – staying, place, position, abode (from: √sthā – to stand);
nidhānam	–	nidhāna 1n.1 n. – storage place, receptacle, treasure (from: ni-√dhā – to put, to deposit);
bījam	–	bīja 1n.1 n. – seed, semen, source;
avyayam	–	a-vyaya 1n.1 m. – unchangeable (from: vi-√i – to go away, to disappear, vyaya – going away, changeable, expense);

textual variants

pralayaḥ → pralaya- / pralayaṁ (dissolution);
prabhavaḥ pralayaḥ sthānaṁ → prabhava-pralaya-sthānaṁ (origin, end and maintenance);
nidhānaṁ → nidānaṁ (the first cause);

commentaries

Śāṃkara

kiṃ ca—

gatiḥ karma-phalam, bhartā poṣṭā, prabhuḥ svāmī, sākṣī prāṇināṃ kṛtākṛtasya, nivāso yasmin prāṇino nivasanti, śaraṇam ārtānām, prapannānām ārti-haraḥ | suhṛt pratyupakārānapekṣaḥ sann upakārī, prabhava utpattir jagataḥ, pralayaḥ pralīyate’smin iti, tathā sthānaṃ tiṣṭhaty asminn iti, nidhānaṃ nikṣepaḥ kālāntaropabhogyaṃ prāṇinām, bījaṃ praroha-kāraṇaṃ praroha-dharmiṇām, avyayaṃ yāvat-saṃsāra-bhāvitvāt avyayam, na hy abījaṃ kiṃcit prarohati | nityaṃ ca praroha-darśanād bīja-saṃtatir na vyetīti gamyate

Rāmānuja

gamyata iti gatiḥ; tatra tatra prāpyasthānam ityarthaḥ; bhartā dhārayitā, prabhuḥ śāsitā, sākṣī sākṣāddṛṣṭā, nivāsaḥ vāsasthānaṃ veśmādi / śaraṇam / iṣṭasya prāpakatayā+aniṣṭasya nivāraṇatayā ca samāśrayaṇīyaś cetanaḥ śaraṇam / sa cāham eva; sukṛd dhitaiṣī, prabhavapralayasthānam yasya kasyacid yatra kutracid utpattipralayayor yat sthānam, tad aham eva / nidhānaṃ nidhīyata iti nidhānam, utpādyam upasaṃhāryaṃ cāham evetyarthaḥ; avyayaṃ bījam tatra tatra vyayarahitaṃ yat kāraṇam, tad aham eva

Śrīdhara

Madhusūdana

kiṃ ca gatir iti | gamyata iti gatiḥ karma-phalam |

brahmā viśva-sṛjo dharmo mahān avyaktam eva ca |
uttamāṃ sāttvikīm etāṃ gatim āhur manīṣiṇaḥ || ity [Manu 12.50] evaṃ manvādy-uktam |

bhartā poṣṭā sukha-sādhanasyaiva dātā | prabhuḥ svāmī madīyo ‚yam iti svīkartā | sākṣī sarva-prāṇināṃ śubhāśubha-draṣṭā | nivasanty asminn iti nivāso bhoga-sthānam | śīryate duḥkham asminn iti śaraṇaṃ prapannānām ārti-hṛt | suhṛt pratyupakārānapekṣaḥ sannupakārī | prabhava utpattiḥ | pralayo vināśaḥ | sthānaṃ sthitḥ | yad vā prakarṣeṇa bhavanty aneneti prabhavaḥ sraṣṭā | prakarṣeṇa līyante ‚neneti pralayaḥ saṃhartā | tiṣṭhanty asminn iti sthānam ādhāraḥ | nidhīyate nikṣipyate tat-kāla-bhogyatayā kālāntaropabhogyaṃ vastv asminn iti nidhānaṃ sūkṣma-rūpa-sarva-vastv-adhikaraṇaṃ pralaya-sthānam iti yāvat | śaṅkha-padmādi-nidhir vā | bījam utpatti-kāraṇam | avyayam avināśi na tu brīhy-ādivad vinaśvaram | tenānādy-anantaṃ yat kāraṇaṃ tad apy aham eveti pūrveṇaiva sambandhaḥ

Viśvanātha

Baladeva

commentary under the verse BhG 9.19

translations

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