BhG 9.18

gatir bhartā prabhuḥ sākṣī nivāsaḥ śaraṇaṃ suhṛt
prabhavaḥ pralayaḥ sthānaṃ nidhānaṃ bījam avyayam

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syntax


[aham] (I) gatiḥ (path) bhartā (sustainer) prabhuḥ (master) sākṣī (witness) nivāsaḥ (abode) śaraṇam (shelter) suhṛt (well-wisher) prabhavaḥ (source) pralayaḥ (end) sthānam (immovable state) nidhānam (storage place) avyayam (unchangeable) bījam (seed) [asmi] (I am).

 

grammar

gatiḥ gati 1n.1 f.moving, passage, means, refuge, goal (from: gam – to go);
bhartā bhartṛ 1n.1 m.sustainer (from: bhṛ – to hold);
prabhuḥ pra-bhu 1n.1 m.perfect, powerful, rich, master, lord (from: pra- – prefix: in front, much; bhū – to be);
sākṣī sākṣin 1n.1 m.eye-witness (from: sa-akṣa – with eyes);
nivāsaḥ nivāsa 1n.1 m.house, abode (from: ni-vas – to dwell, to spend time);
śaraṇam śaraṇa 1n.1 n.shelter, refuge, protection (from: śri – to turn towards, to lean on, to rest on, to resort);
suhṛt su-hṛt 1n.1 m.well-wisher (from: su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous; hṛt – heart);
prabhavaḥ prabhava 1n.1 m.birth, source (from: pra-bhū – to spring up from, to produce);
pralayaḥ pralaya 1n.1 m.annihilation, dissolution, end, death (from: pra- – to dissolve, to vanish);
sthānam sthāna 1n.1 n.staying, place, position, abode (from: sthā – to stand);
nidhānam nidhāna 1n.1 n.storage place, receptacle, treasure (from: ni-dhā – to put, to deposit);
bījam bīja 1n.1 n.seed, semen, source;
avyayam a-vyaya 1n.1 m.unchangeable (from: vi-i – to go away, to disappear, vyaya – going away, changeable, expense);

 

textual variants


pralayaḥpralaya- / pralayaṁ (dissolution);
prabhavaḥ pralayaḥ sthānaṁ prabhava-pralaya-sthānaṁ (origin, end and maintenance);
nidhānaṁ → nidānaṁ (the first cause);
 
 



Śāṃkara


kiṃ ca—

gatiḥ karma-phalam, bhartā poṣṭā, prabhuḥ svāmī, sākṣī prāṇināṃ kṛtākṛtasya, nivāso yasmin prāṇino nivasanti, śaraṇam ārtānām, prapannānām ārti-haraḥ | suhṛt pratyupakārānapekṣaḥ sann upakārī, prabhava utpattir jagataḥ, pralayaḥ pralīyate’smin iti, tathā sthānaṃ tiṣṭhaty asminn iti, nidhānaṃ nikṣepaḥ kālāntaropabhogyaṃ prāṇinām, bījaṃ praroha-kāraṇaṃ praroha-dharmiṇām, avyayaṃ yāvat-saṃsāra-bhāvitvāt avyayam, na hy abījaṃ kiṃcit prarohati | nityaṃ ca praroha-darśanād bīja-saṃtatir na vyetīti gamyate

 

Rāmānuja


gamyata iti gatiḥ; tatra tatra prāpyasthānam ityarthaḥ; bhartā dhārayitā, prabhuḥ śāsitā, sākṣī sākṣāddṛṣṭā, nivāsaḥ vāsasthānaṃ veśmādi / śaraṇam / iṣṭasya prāpakatayā+aniṣṭasya nivāraṇatayā ca samāśrayaṇīyaś cetanaḥ śaraṇam / sa cāham eva; sukṛd dhitaiṣī, prabhavapralayasthānam yasya kasyacid yatra kutracid utpattipralayayor yat sthānam, tad aham eva / nidhānaṃ nidhīyata iti nidhānam, utpādyam upasaṃhāryaṃ cāham evetyarthaḥ; avyayaṃ bījam tatra tatra vyayarahitaṃ yat kāraṇam, tad aham eva

 

Śrīdhara


kiṃ ca gatir iti | gamyata iti gatiḥ phalam | bhartā poṣaṇa-kartā | prabhur niyantā | sākṣī śubhāśubha-draṣṭā | nivāso bhoga-sthānam | śaraṇaṃ rakṣakaḥ | suhṛd dhita-kartā | prakarṣeṇa bhavaty aneneti prabhavaḥ sraṣṭā | pralīyate ‚neneti pralayaḥ saṃhartā | tiṣṭhaty asminn iti sthānam ādhāraḥ | nidhīyate ‚sminn iti nidhānaṃ laya-sthānam | bījaṃ kāraṇam | tathāpy avyayam avināśi | na tu brīhy-ādi-bījavan naśvaram ity arthaḥ

 

Madhusūdana


kiṃ ca gatir iti | gamyata iti gatiḥ karma-phalam |

brahmā viśva-sṛjo dharmo mahān avyaktam eva ca |
uttamāṃ sāttvikīm etāṃ gatim āhur manīṣiṇaḥ || ity [Manu 12.50] evaṃ manvādy-uktam |

bhartā poṣṭā sukha-sādhanasyaiva dātā | prabhuḥ svāmī madīyo ‚yam iti svīkartā | sākṣī sarva-prāṇināṃ śubhāśubha-draṣṭā | nivasanty asminn iti nivāso bhoga-sthānam | śīryate duḥkham asminn iti śaraṇaṃ prapannānām ārti-hṛt | suhṛt pratyupakārānapekṣaḥ sannupakārī | prabhava utpattiḥ | pralayo vināśaḥ | sthānaṃ sthitḥ | yad vā prakarṣeṇa bhavanty aneneti prabhavaḥ sraṣṭā | prakarṣeṇa līyante ‚neneti pralayaḥ saṃhartā | tiṣṭhanty asminn iti sthānam ādhāraḥ | nidhīyate nikṣipyate tat-kāla-bhogyatayā kālāntaropabhogyaṃ vastv asminn iti nidhānaṃ sūkṣma-rūpa-sarva-vastv-adhikaraṇaṃ pralaya-sthānam iti yāvat | śaṅkha-padmādi-nidhir vā | bījam utpatti-kāraṇam | avyayam avināśi na tu brīhy-ādivad vinaśvaram | tenānādy-anantaṃ yat kāraṇaṃ tad apy aham eveti pūrveṇaiva sambandhaḥ

 

Viśvanātha


bahudhopāsate kathaṃ tvām evety āśaṅkyātmano viśvarūpatvaṃ prapañcayati caturbhiḥ | kratuḥ śrauto ‚gniṣṭomādiḥ yajñaḥ smārto vaiśvadevādiḥ | auṣadham auṣadhi-prabhavam annam | pitā vyaṣṭi-samaṣṭi-sarva-jagad-utpādanāt | mātā jagato ‚sya svakukṣi-madhya eva dhāraṇāt | dhātā jagato ‚sya poṣaṇāt | pitāmahaḥ jagat sraṣṭuḥ brahmaṇo ‚pi janakatvāt | vedyaṃ jñeyaṃ vastu | pavitraṃ śodhakaṃ vastu | gatiḥ phalam | bhartā patiḥ | prabhur niyantā | sākṣī śubhāśubha-draṣṭā | nivāsa āspadam | śaraṇaṃ vipadbhyas trātā | suhṛn nirupādhi-hita-kārī | prabhavādyāḥ sṛṣṭi-saṃhāra-sthitayaḥ kriyāś cāham | nidhānaṃ nidhiḥ padma-śaṅkhādiḥ | bījaṃ kāraṇam | avyayam avināśi na tu brīhy-ādivan naśvaram

 

Baladeva


commentary under the verse BhG 9.19
 
 



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