BhG 2.38
sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā lābhālābhau jayājayau
tato yuddhāya yujyasva naivaṃ pāpam avāpsyasi
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syntax
tataḥ (then) [tvam] (you) sukha-duḥkhe (pleasure and distress), lābhālābhau (gain and loss), jayājayau [ca] (and victory and defeat) same (both the same) kṛtvā (after doing),
yuddhāya (for the fight) yujyasva (be engaged).
evam (thus) pāpam (sin) na avāpsyasi (you will not obtain).
grammar
| sukha-duḥkhe | – | sukha-duḥkha 2n.2 n.; DV: sukhaṁ ca duḥkhaṁ ceti – pleasure and distress (from: su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous; kha – cavity, hole, nave; su-kha – joy, happiness; dur / dus – prefix: difficult, bad, hard; duḥ-kha – pain, difficulty; literally: good or bad hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving smooth or not; or from: su-√sthā and duḥ-√sthā); |
| same | – | sama sn. 2n.2 n. – both the same, equal; |
| kṛtvā | – | √kṛ (to do) absol. – after doing; |
| lābhālābhau | – | lābha-a-lābha 2n.2 m.; DV: lābhaṁ ca alābhaṁ ceti – gain and loss (from: √labh – to obtain, to gain; lābha – gain, profit); |
| jayājayau | – | jaya-a-jaya 2n.2 m.; DV: jayaṁ ca ajayaṁ ceti – victory and defeat (from: √ji – to conquer, jaya – victory); |
| tataḥ | – | av. – then, after that, from that, for that reason (from: tat – indeclinable ablative with an ending -tas); |
| yuddhāya | – | yuddha 4n.1 n. – for the fight (from: √yudh – to fight); |
| yujyasva | – | √yuj (to yoke, to join, to engage) Imperat. pass. 2v.1 – join, engage; |
| na | – | av. – not; |
| evam | – | av. – thus; |
| pāpam | – | pāpa 2n.1 n. – evil, sin; |
| avāpsyasi | – | ava-√āp (to obtain) Fut. P 2v.1 – you will obtain; |
Śāṃkara
The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic
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Now listen to the advice I offer to you, while you fight the battle regarding it as a duty: |
tatra yuddhaṃ svadharma ity evaṃ yudhyamānasyopadeśam imaṃ sṛṇu – | |
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Then, treating alike pleasure and pain, gain and loss, success and defeat, |
sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā lābhālābhau jayājayau | tato yuddhāya yujyasva naivaṃ pāpam avāpsyasi ||2.38|| |
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Treating alike pleasure and pain: i.e., without liking the one and disliking the other. Thus fighting, you will not incur sin. [This injunction as to fighting is only incidental.] |
sukha-duḥkhe same tulye kṛtvā, rāga-dveṣāv apy akṛtvety etat | tathā lābhālābhau jayājayau ca samau kṛtvā tato yuddhāya yujyasva ghaṭāsva | na evaṃ yuddhaṃ kurvan pāpam avāpsyasi | ity eṣa upadeśaḥ prāsaṅgikaḥ ||2.38|| |
Rāmānuja
mumukṣor yuddhānuṣṭhana-prakāram āha—sukha iti | evaṃ dehātiriktam aspṛṣṭa-samasta-deha-svabhāvaṃ nityam ātmānaṃ jñātvā yuddhe cāvarjanīya-śastra-pātādi-nimitta-sukha-duḥkhārtha-lābhālābha-jaya-parajayeṣu avikṛta-buddhiḥ svargādi-phalābhisandhi-rahitaḥ kevala-kārya-buddhyā yuddham ārabhasva | evaṃ kurvāṇo na pāpam avāpsyasi pāpaṃ duḥkha-rūpaṃ saṃsāraṃ nāvāpsyasi | saṃsāra-bandhān mokṣyase ity arthaḥ
Śrīdhara
yad apy uktaṃ pāpam evāśrayed asmān [Gītā 1.36] iti tatrāha sukha-duḥkhe ity ādi | sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā | tathā tayoḥ kāraṇa-bhūtau lābhālābhāv api | tayor api kāraṇa-bhūtāu jayājayāv api samau kṛtvā | eteṣāṃ samatve kāraṇaṃ harṣa-viṣāda-rāhityam | yujyasva sannadho bhava | sukhādy-abhilāsaṃ hitvā svadharma-buddhyā yudhyamānaḥ pāpaṃ na prāpsyasīty arthaḥ
Madhusūdana
nanv evaṃ svargam uddiśya yuddha-karaṇe tasya nityatva-vyāghātaḥ | rājyam uddiśya yuddha-karaṇe tv artha-śāstratvād dharma-śāstrāpekṣayā daurbalyaṃ syāt | tataś ca kāmyasyākaraṇe kutaḥ pāpaṃ dṛṣṭārthasya guru-brāhmaṇādi-vadhasya kuto dharmatvaṃ, tathā cātha ced iti ślokārtho vyāhata iti cet tatrāha sukha-duḥkhe iti |
samatā-karaṇaṃ rāga-dveṣa-rāhityam | sukhe tat-kāraṇe lābhe tat-kāraṇe lābhe tat-kāraṇe jaye ca rāgam akṛtvā, evaṃ duḥkhe tad-dhetāv alābhe tad-dhetāv ajaye ca dveṣam akṛtvā tato yuddhāya yujyasva sannadhau bhava | evaṃ sukha-kāmanāṃ duḥkha-nivṛtti-kāmanāṃ vā vihāya svadharma-buddhyā yudhyamāno guru-brāhmaṇādi-vadha-nimittaṃ nitya-karmākaraṇa-nimittaṃ ca pāpaṃ na prāpsyasi | yas tu phala-kāmanayā karoti sa guru-brāhmaṇādi-vadha-nimittaṃ pāpaṃ prāpnoti yo vā na karoti sa nitya-karmākaraṇa-nimittam | ataḥ phala-kāmanām antareṇa kurvann ubhaya-vidham api pāpaṃ na prāpnotīti prāg eva vyākhyāto ‚bhiprāyaḥ | hato vā prāpsyasi svargaṃ jitvā vā bhokṣyase mahīm [Gītā 2.37] iti svānuṣaṅgika-phala-kathanam iti na doṣaḥ | tathā ca āpastambaḥ smarati – tad yathāmre phalārthe nimitte chāyā-gandhāvanūtpadyete evaṃ dharmaṃ caryamāṇam arthā anūtpadyante no ced anūtpadyante na dharma-hānir bhavati iti | ato yuddha-śāstrasyārtha-śāstratvābhāvāt pāpam evāśrayed asmān [Gītā 1.36] ity ādi nirākṛtaṃ bhavati
Viśvanātha
tasmāt tava sarvathā yuddham eva dharmas tad api yad imaṃ pāpa-kāraṇam āśaṅkase, tarhi mattaḥ pāpānutpatti-prakāraṃ śikṣitvā yudhyasvety āha sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā | tad-dhetur lābhālābhau rājya-lābha-rāja-cyūtī api | tad-dhetur jayājayāv api samau kṛtvā vivekena tulyau vibhāvety arthaḥ | tataś caivaṃ-bhūta-sāmya-lakṣaṇe jñānavatas tava pāpaṃ naiva bhavet | yad vakṣyate lipyate na sa pāpena padma-patram ivāmbhasā [Gītā 5.10] iti
Baladeva
nanu atha cet tvam ity ādi-padyārtho vyāhṛtaḥ | rājyādy-uddeśena kṛtasya yuddhasya guru-viprādi-vināśa-hetutvena pāpotpādakatvād iti cen mumukṣu-vartmanā yuddhamānasya tava tad-vināśa-hetukaṃ pāpaṃ na syād ity āha sukheti | sāmya-karaṇam iha tatra tatra nirvikāratvaṃ bodhyam | sukhe tad-dhetau jaye ca rāgam akṛtvā duḥkhe tad-dhetāv alābhe tad-dhetau parājaye ca dveṣam akṛtvā tatra tatra nirvikāra-cittaḥ san tato yuddhāya yujyasva | kevala-svadharma-dhiyā yoddhum udyukto bhavety arthaḥ | evaṃ mumukṣu-rītyā yoddhā tvaṃ pāpaṃ tad-vināśa-hetukaṃ nāvāpsyasi | phalecchuḥ san yo yudhyate sa tat-pāpaṃ vindati | vijñānārthī tu purātanam ananta-pāpam apanudatīty arthaḥ |
nanu phala-rāgaṃ vinā duṣkare yuddha-dānādau kathaṃ pravṛttir iti ced anantātmānanda-rāgaṃ tatra pravartakaṃ gṛhāṇa rājyādy-anurāgam iva bhṛgu-pāte
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