BhG 2.39

eṣā te ‘bhihitā sāṃkhye buddhir yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu
buddhyā yukto yayā pārtha karma-bandhaṃ prahāsyasi

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he pārtha (O son of Pṛthā!),
sāṁkhye (in sāṁkhya) eṣā (this) buddhiḥ (intelligence) te (to you) abhihitā (is described).
yoge tu (but in yoga) imām (of this [intelligence]) śṛṇu (you must listen).
yayā (by which) buddhyā (by intelligence) yuktaḥ (endowed with) [san] (being) karma-bandham (bondage of action) prahāsyasi (you will abandon).

 

grammar

eṣā – etat sn. 1n.1 f. – this;
te – yuṣmat sn. 4n.1 – to you (shortened form of: tubhyam);
abhihitā – abhihitā (abhi-√dhā – to name, to speak) PP 1n.1 f. – named, spoken;
sāṁkhye – sāṁkhya 7n.1 n. – in sāṁkhya (from: sam-√khyā – to count, sāmkhya – relating to number, rational, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy);
buddhiḥ – buddhi 1n.1 f. – intelligence, thought, understanding, knowledge, idea, opinion (from: √budh – to wake, to perceive, to understand);
yoge – yoga 7n.1 m. – in yoga (from: √yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage, yoga – yoga, yoking, application, a means, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy);
 tu – av. – but, then, or, and;
imām – idam sn. 2n.1 f. – this;
śṛṇu – √śru (to hear, to listen) Imperat. P 2v.1 – you must listen;
buddhyā – buddhi 3n.1 f. – with intelligence, thought, understanding, knowledge, idea, opinion (from: √budh – to wake, to perceive, to understand);
yuktaḥ – yukta (√yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage) PP 1n.1 m. – yoked, endowed with;
yayā – yat sn. 3n.1 f. – that by which;
pārtha – pārtha 8n.1 m. – O son of Pṛthā (from: √pṛth – to extend, pṛthā – Kuntī, mother of the sons of Pāṇḍu);
karma-bandham – karma-bandha 2n.1 m.; TP: karmaṇo bandham iti – bondage of action (from: √kṛ – to do, karman – activity and its result; √bandh – to bind, to fetter, bandha – bondage, fetters);
prahāsyasi – pra-√hā (to leave, to abandon) Fut. P 2v.1 – you will abandon;

 

textual variants

yayā → yathā (as);

 
 


commentaries

Śāṃkara

The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic

Yoga.
Worldly considerations have been adduced (2.31 – 38) to dispel grief and attachment; but they do not form the main subject of teaching. On the other hand, it is the realization of the Supreme Reality that forms the main subject of this portion (2.12, &c.) of the discourse; and this, which has been treated of already (2.20 et seq.), is concluded in 2.39 with a view to exhibit the division of the whole subject of the śastra.

 śoka-mohāpanayanāya laukiko nyāyaḥ svadharmam api cāvekṣya (BhG 2.31) ity ādyaiḥ lokair uktaḥ, na tu tātparyeṇa | paramārtha-darśanam iha prakṛtam | tac coktam upasaṃhriyate – eṣā te ’bhihitā iti śāstra-viṣaya-vibhāga-pradarśanāya |

For, by making such a division of the whole subject of the śastra as has been shewn here, that portion of the work which will treat of the two paths later on (3.3) will proceed the more smoothly; and the hearers also will understand it the more easily for this division of the whole subject. Hence says the Lord:

 iha hi pradarśite punaḥ śāstra-viṣaya-vibhāge upariṣṭāt jñāna-yogena sāṃkhyānāṃ karma-yogena yoginām (BhG 3.3) iti niṣṭhā-dvaya-viṣayaṃ śāstraṃ sukhaṃ pravartiṣyate, śrotāraś ca viṣaya-vibhāgena sukhaṃ grahīṣyanti ity ata āha –

This, which has been taught to thee, is wisdom concerning Sankhya.
Now, listen to wisdom concerning Yoga,
which possessing thou shalt cast off the bond of action.

 eṣā te ’bhihitā sāṃkhye buddhir yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu |
buddhyā yukto yayā pārtha karmabandhaṃ prahāsyasi ||2.39||

This, which has been taught to you, constitutes wisdom (buddhi) concerning Sankhya or the true nature of the Absolute Reality, – that wisdom by which may be brought about the cessation of the evil which is the cause of saṁsara, – of grief, attachment, and the like.

 eṣā te tubhyam abhihitā uktā sāṃkhye paramārtha-vastu-viveka-viṣaye buddhir jñānaṃ sākṣāt śoka-mohādi-saṃsāra-hetu-doṣa-nivṛtti-kāraṇam |

Now, listen to the teaching (which follows presently) concerning Yoga, which is the means of attaining wisdom concerning Sankhya: this Yoga, which constitutes the worship of Īśvara, consists in practising samādhi or in performing works without attachment, after killing all pairs of opposites (such as heat and cold).

 yoge tu tat-prāpty-upāye niḥsaṅgatayā dvandva-prahāṇa-pūrvakam īśvarārādhanārthe karma-yoge karmānuṣṭhāne samādhi-yoge cemām anantaram evocyamānāṃ buddhiṃ śṛṇu |

Now He extols the wisdom concerning Yoga, in order to create an interest in it. – When possessed of wisdom concerning Yoga, O son of Pritha, you will cast off the bond of action (karma), of dharma and a-dharma, of virtue and sin, of merit and demerit, this severance of the bond being effected only on attaining to a knowledge of the Self through Divine Grace (Īśvara-prasāda).

 tāṃ ca buddhiṃ stauti prarocanārthaṃ – buddhyā yayā yoga-viṣayayā yuktaḥ, he pārtha, karma-bandhaṃ karmaiva dharmādharmākhyo bandhaḥ karma-bandhas taṃ prahāsyasi īśvara-prasāda-nimitta-jñāna-prāpter ity abhiprāyaḥ ||2.39||

 

Rāmānuja

evam ātma-yāthātmya-jñānam upadiśya tat-pūrvakaṃ mokṣa-sādhana-bhūtaṃ karma-yogaṃ vaktum ārabhate—eṣā iti | saṃkhyā buddhiḥ | buddhyāvadhāraṇīyam ātma-tattvaṃ sāṃkhyam | jñātavye ātma-tattve taj-jñānāya yā buddhiḥ abhidheyā na tv evāham [gītā 2.12] ity ārabhya tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni [gītā 2.30] ity antena, sā eṣā abhihitā |
ātma-jñāna-pūrvaka-mokṣa-sādhana-bhūta-karmānuṣṭhāne yo buddhi-yogo vaktavyaḥ, sa iha yoga-śabdenocyate | dūreṇa hy avaraṃ karma buddhi-yogāt [gītā 2.49] iti hi vakṣyate | tatra yoge yā buddhiḥ vaktavyā tām imām abhidhīyamānāṃ śṛṇu, yayā buddhyā yuktaḥ karma-bandhaṃ prahāsyasi | karmaṇā bandhaḥ karma-bandhaḥ, saṃsāra-bandha ity arthaḥ

 

Śrīdhara

upadiṣṭaṃ jñāna-yogam upasaṃharaṃs tat-sādhanaṃ karma-yogaṃ prastauti eṣety ādi | samyak khyāyate prakāśyate vastu-tattvam anayeti saṅkhyā samyak jñānam | tasyāṃ prakāśamānam ātma-tattvaṃ sāṅkhyam | tasmin karaṇīyā buddhir eṣā tavābhihitā | evam abhihitāyām api tava ced ātma-tattvam aparokṣaṃ na bhavati tarhy antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-dvārā ātma-tattvāparokṣārthaṃ karma-yoga tv imāṃ buddhiṃ śṛṇu | yayā buddhyā yuktaḥ parameśvarārpita-karma-yogena śuddhāntaḥkaraṇaḥ san tat-prasāda-labdhāparokṣa-jñānena karmātmakaṃ bandhaṃ prakarṣeṇa hāsyasi tyakṣyasi

 

Madhusūdana

nanu bhavatu svadharma-buddhyā yudhyamānasya pāpābhāvaḥ, tathāpi na māṃ prati yuddha-kartavyatopadeśas tavocitaḥ | ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ [Gītā 2.19] ity ādinā kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ pārtha kaṃ ghātayati hanti kam [Gītā 2.21] ity antena viduṣaḥ sarva-karma-pratikṣepāt | na hy akartr-bhoktṛ-śuddha-svarūpo ‚ham asmi yuddhaṃ kṛtvā tat-phalaṃ bhokṣya iti ca jñānaṃ sambhavati virodhāt | jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayāsambhavāt prakāśa-tamasor iva | ayaṃ cārjunābhiprāyo jyāyasī ced ity atra vyakto bhaviṣyati | tasmād ekam eva māṃ prati jñānasya karmaṇaś copadeśo nopapadyata iti cet, na | vidvad-avidvad-avasthā-bhedena jñāna-karmopadeśopapatter ity āha bhagavān eṣeti |
eṣā na tv evāham ity ādy-eka-viṃśati-ślokais te tubhyam abhihitā sāṅkhye samyak khyāyate sarvopādhi-śūnyatayā pratipādyate paramātma-tattvam anayeti saṅkhyopaniṣat tayaiva tāparya-parisamāptyā pratipādyate yaḥ sa sāṅkhya aupaniṣadaḥ puruṣa ity arthaḥ | tasmin buddhis tan-mātra-viṣayaṃ jñānaṃ sarvānartha-nivṛtti-kāraṇaṃ tvāṃ prati mayoktaṃ naitādṛśa-jñānavataḥ kvacid api karmocyate | tasya kāryaṃ na vidyata iti vakṣyamāṇatvāt |
yadi punar evaṃ mayokte ‚pi tavaiṣā buddhir nodeti citta-doṣāt, tadā tad-apanayenātma-tattva-sākṣātkārāya karma-yoga eva tvayānuṣṭheyaḥ | tasmin yoge karma-yoge tu karaṇīyām imāṃ sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā ity atroktāṃ phalābhisandhi-tyāga-lakṣaṇāṃ buddhiṃ vistareṇa mayā vakṣyamāṇāṃ śṛṇu | tu-śabdaḥ pūrva-buddher yoga-viṣayatva-vyatireka-sūcanārthaḥ | tathā ca śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ prati jñānopadeśo ‚śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ prati karmopadeśa iti kutaḥ samuccaya-śaṅkayā virodhāvakāśa ity abhiprāyaḥ |
yoga-viṣayāṃ buddhiṃ phala-kathanena stauti – yathā vyavasāyātmikayā buddhyā karmasu yuktas tvaṃ karma-nimittaṃ bandha-nāśāyāśuddhi-lakṣaṇaṃ jñāna-pratibandhaṃ prakarṣeṇa punaḥ pratibandhānutpatti-rūpeṇa hāsyasi tyakṣyasi | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ – karma-nimitto jñāna-pratibandhaḥ karmaṇaiva dharmākhyenāpanetuṃ śakyate dharmeṇa pāpam apanudati [Mahānā 13.6] iti śruteḥ | śravaṇādi-lakṣaṇo vicāras tu karmātmaka-pratibandha-rahitasyāsambhāvanādi-pratibandhaṃ dṛṣṭa-dvāreṇāpanayatīti na karma-bandha-nirākaraṇāyopadeṣṭuṃ śakyate | ato ‚tyanta-malināntaḥ-karaṇatvād bahir aṅga-sādhanaṃ karmaiva tvayānuṣṭheyaṃ, nādhunā śravaṇādi-yogyatāpi tava jātā | dūre tu jñāna-yogyateti | tathā ca vakṣyati – karmaṇy evādhikāras te [Gītā 2.47] iti | etena sāṅkhya-buddher antaraṅga-sādhanaṃ śravaṇādi vihāya bahiraṅga-sādhanaṃ karmaiva bhagavatā kim ity arjunāyopadiśyata iti nirastam | karma-bandhaṃ saṃsāram īśvara-prasāda-nimitta-jñāna-prāptyā prahāsyasīti prācāṃ vyākhyāne tv adhyāhāra-doṣaḥ karma-pada-vaiyarthyaṃ ca parihartavyam

 

Viśvanātha

upadiṣṭaṃ jñāna-yogam upasaṃharati eṣeti | samyak khyāyate prakāśyate vastu-tattvam aneneti sāṅkhyaṃ samyak jñānam | tasmin karaṇīyā buddhir eṣa kathitā | adhunā yoge bhakti-yoge imāṃ vakṣyamāṇāṃ buddhiṃ karaṇīyāṃ śṛṇu, yayā bhakti-viṣayiṇyā buddhyā yuktaḥ sahitaḥ | karma-bandhaṃ saṃsāram

 

Baladeva

uktaṃ jñāna-yogam upasaṃharan tad-upāyaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yogaṃ vaktum ārabhate eṣeti | saṅkhyopaniṣat samyak khyāyate nirūpyate tattvam anayā iti nirukteḥ | tayā pratipādyam ātma-yāthātmyaṃ sāṅkhyam | śaiṣikān tasmin kartavyaiṣā buddhis tavābhihitā | ne tv evāhaṃ ity ādinā tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni ity antena | sā cet tava citta-tad-doṣān nābhyudeti tarhi yoge tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasā nāśakena ity ādi śruty-uktāntargata-jñāne niṣkāma-karma-yoge kartavyām imāṃ vakṣyamāṇāṃ buddhiṃ śṛṇu | phaloktyā tāṃ stauti yayeti | karmāṇi kurvāṇas tvaṃ bhagavad-ājñayā mahā-prayāsāni karmāṇi kurvaṃs tat-tad-uddeśa-mahimnā tvad-antar-abhyuditayātma-jñāna-niṣṭhayā saṃsāraṃ tariṣyasīti | paśu-putra-rājyādi-phalakaṃ karma sa-kāmaṃ jñāna-phalakaṃ tu tan-niṣkāmam iti śāstre ‚smin paribhāṣyate

 
 


translations

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