BhG 2.70

āpūryamāṇam acala-pratiṣṭhaṃ samudram āpaḥ praviśanti yadvat
tadvat kāmā yaṃ praviśanti sarve sa śāntim āpnoti na kāma-kāmī

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yadvat (as) āpaḥ (waters) āpūryamāṇam (which is being filled) acala-pratiṣṭham (whose position is unmoved) samudram (the ocean) praviśanti (they enter),
tadvat (so) sarve (all) kāmāḥ (desires) yaṁ (he whom) praviśanti (they enter),
saḥ (he) śāntim (peace) āpnoti (he obtains),
kāma-kāmī (one who loves pleasure) [śāntim] (peace) na [āpnoti] (he does not obtain).

 

grammar

āpūryamāṇam – āpūryamāṇa (ā-√pṝ – to fill up) PPr 2n.1 m. – which is being filled;
acala-pratiṣṭham – acala-pratiṣṭha 2n.1 m.; BV: yasya pratiṣṭhācalāsti tam – whose position is unmoved (from: √cal – to move, to shake, cala – moving, shaking, a-cala – motionless; prati-√sthā – to stand firmly, pratiṣṭhā – base, foundation, position);
samudram – sam-udra 2n.1 m. – gathered waters, the ocean (from: udra – water);
āpaḥ – ap 1n.3 f. – waters;
praviśanti – pra-√viś (to enter) Praes. P 1v.3 – they enter;
yadvat – av. – in which way, as (correlative of tadvat);
tadvat – av. – like that, so;
kāmāḥ – kāma 1n.3 m. – wishes, desires, pleasures (from: √kam –to wish, to love, to long for);
yam – yat sn. 2n.1 m. – he whom;
praviśanti – pra-√viś (to enter) Praes. P 1v.3 – they enter;
sarve – sarva sn. 1n.3 m. – all;
saḥ – tat sn. 1n.1 m. – he;
śāntim – śānti 2n.1 f. – tranquility, peace, satisfaction, end, death (from: √śam – to calm, to put to an end, to destroy);
āpnoti – √āp (to obtain) Praes. P 1v.1 – he obtains, he achieves;
na – av. – not;
kāma-kāmī – kāma-kāmin 1n.1 m.; TP: kāmānāṁ kāmī – one who loves pleasure (from: √kam –to wish, to love, to long for, kāma – desire, love, pleasure, kāmin – desiring, longing after, loving);

 

textual variants


āpūryamāṇam → āpūrvamāṇam (which is primeval);
acala-pratiṣṭhaṁ → acalaṁ pratiṣṭhaṁ / acala-pratiṣṭhitaṁ (unmoved, position / standing and unmoved);

 
 


commentaries

Śāṃkara

The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic

(7) Subjugation of desire and personal self.
The Lord proceeds to teach, by an illustration, that that devotee only who is wise, who has abandoned desires, and whose wisdom is steady, can attain moksha, but not he who, without renouncing, cherishes a desire for objects of pleasure.

 viduṣas tyaktaiṣaṇasya sthita-prajñasya yater eva mokṣa-prāptiḥ, na tu asaṃnyāsinaḥ kāma-kāminaḥ ity etam arthaṃ dṛṣṭāntena pratipādayiṣyan āha –

He attains peace, into whom all desires enter
as waters enter the ocean,
which, filled from all sides, remains unaltered;
but not he who desires objects.

 āpūryamāṇam acala-pratiṣṭhaṃ
samudram āpaḥ praviśanti yadvat |
tadvat kāmā yaṃ praviśanti sarve
sa śāntim āpnoti na kāma-kāmī ||2.70||

The ocean is filled with waters flowing from all sides. Its state is unaltered, though waters flow into it from all sides; it remains all the while within its bounds without change.

 āpūryamāṇam adbhir acala-pratiṣṭham acalatayā pratiṣṭhā avasthitiḥ yasya tam acala-pratiṣṭhaṃ samudram āpaḥ sarvato gatāḥ praviśanti svātmastham avikriyam eva santaṃ yadvat,

That sage into whom in this manner desires of all sorts enter from all sides without affecting him – as waters enter into the ocean – even in the presence of objects;

 tadvat kāmāḥ viṣaya-saṃnidhāv api sarvataḥ icchā-viśeṣāḥ yaṃ puruṣaṃ samudram iva āpaḥ avikurvantaḥ praviśanti sarve ātmany eva pralīyante na svātma-vaśaṃ kurvanti |

in whose Self they are absorbed, and whom they do not enslave; that sage attains peace (moksha), but not the other who has a longing for external objects.

 sa śāntir mokṣam āpnoti, netaraḥ kāma-kāmī, kāmyanta iti kāmāḥ viṣayāḥ tān kāmayituṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ kāma-kāmī, naiva prāpnotīty arthaḥ ||2.70||

 

Rāmānuja

yathā ātmanā eva āpūryamāṇam eka-rūpaṃ samudraṃ nādeyā āpaḥ praviśanti, āsām apāṃ praveśe api apraveśe vā samudro na kañcana viśeṣam āpadyate | evaṃ sarve kāmāḥ śabdādayo viṣayā yaṃ saṃyaminaṃ praviśanti | indriya-gocaratāṃ yānti sa śāntim āpnoti | śabdadiṣu indriya-gocaratām āpanneṣv anāpanneṣu ca svātmāvalokana-tṛptyā eva yo na vikāram āpnoti sa eva śāntim āpnoti ity arthaḥ | na kāma-kāmī, yaḥ śabdādibhir vikriyate sa kadācid api na śāntim āpnoti

 

Śrīdhara

nanu viṣayeṣu dṛṣṭy-abhāve katham asau tān bhuṅkte ity apekṣāyām āha āpūryamāṇam iti | nānā-nada-nadīnbhir āpūryamāṇam api acala-pratiṣṭham anatikrānta-maryādam eva samudraṃ punar api anyā āpo yathā praviśanti tathā kāmā viṣayā yaṃ munim antar-dṛṣṭiṃ bhogair avikriyamāṇam eva prārabdha-karmabhir ākṣiptāḥ santaḥ praviśanti sa śāntim kaivalyaṃ prāpnoti | na tu kāma-kāmī bhoga-kāmanā-śīlaḥ

 

Madhusūdana

etādṛśasya sthita-prajñasya sarva-vikṣepa-śāntir apy artha-siddheti sa-dṛṣṭāntam āha āpūryamāṇam iti | sarvābhir nadībhir āpūryamāṇaṃ santaṃ vṛṣṭy-ādi-prabhavā api sarvā āpaḥ samudraṃ praviśanti | kīdṛśam acala-pratiṣṭham anatikrānta-maryādam | acalānāṃ mainākādīnāṃ pratiṣṭhā yasminn iti vā gāmbhīryātiśaya uktaḥ | yadvad yena prakāreṇa nirvikāratvena tadvat tenaiva nirvikāratva-prakāreṇa yaṃ sthita-prajñaṃ nirvikāram eva santaṃ kāmā ajñair lokaiḥ kāmyamānāḥ śabdādyāḥ sarve viṣayā avarjanīyatayā prārabdha-karma-vaśāt praviśanti na tu vikartuṃ śaknuvanti sa mahā-samudra-sthānīyaḥ sthita-prajñaḥ śāntiṃ sarva-laukikālaukika-karma-vikṣepa-nivṛttiṃ bādhitānuvṛttāvidyā-kārya-nivṛttiṃ cāpnoti jñāna-balena | na kāma-kāmī kāmān viṣayān kāmayituṃ śīlaṃ yasya sa kāma-kāmy ajñaḥ śāntiṃ samākhyātāṃ nāpnoti | api tu sarvadā laukikālaukika-karma-vikṣepeṇa mahati kleśārṇave magno bhavatīti vākyārthaḥ | etena jñānina eva phala-bhūto vidvat-saṃnyāsas tasyaiva ca sarva-vikṣepa-nivṛtti-rūpā jīvan-muktir daivāddhnīna-viṣaya-bhoge ‚pi nirvikāratety-ādikam uktaṃ veditavyam

 

Viśvanātha

viṣaya-grahaṇe kṣobha-rāhityam eva nirlepety āha āpūryamāṇam iti | yathā varṣāsu itas tataḥ nādeyā āpaḥ samudraṃ praviśanti kīdṛśam | ā īṣad api āpūryamāṇam tāvatībhir apy adbhiḥ pūrayituṃ na śakyam | acala-pratiṣṭham anatikrānta-maryādaṃ tadvad eva kāmā viṣayā yaṃ praviśanti bhogyatvenāyānti | yathā apāṃ praveśe apraveśe vā samudro na kam api viśeṣam āpadyate | evam eva yaḥ kāmānāṃ bhoge abhoge ca kṣobha-rahita eva syāt sa sthita-prajñaḥ | śāntiṃ jñānam

 

Baladeva

uktaṃ bhāvaṃ sphuṭayann āha āpūryeti | svarūpeṇaivāpūryamāṇaṃ tathāpy acala-pratiṣṭham anullaṅghita-velaṃ samudraṃ yathāpo ‚nyā varṣodbhavā nadyaḥ praviśanti, na tu tatra kiñcid viśeṣaṃ śaknuvanti kartuṃ, tadvat sarve kāmāḥ prārabdhākṛṣṭā viṣayā yaṃ praviśanti na tu vikartuṃ prabhavanti sa śāntim āpnoti | śabdādiṣu tad indriya-gocareṣv api sat svātmānandānubhava-tṛptair vikāra-leśam apy avindan sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | yaḥ kāma-kāmī viṣaya-lipsuḥ sa tūkta-lakṣaṇāṃ śāntiṃ nāpnoti

 
 


translations

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