BhG 18.38

viṣayendriya-saṃyogād yat tad-agre ‘mṛtopamam
pariṇāme viṣam iva tat sukhaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam

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syntax


viṣayendriya-saṁyogāt (from contact of the senses and the objects of the senses) yat [sukhaṁ] (that  happiness which)
tat-agre (at the beginning of that) amṛtopamam [asti] (is resembling nectar),
pariṇāme (in maturity) viṣam iva [asti] (is like a poison),
tat sukham (that happiness) rājasam (as rajasic) smṛtam (known).

 

grammar

viṣayendriya-saṁyogāt – viṣaya-indriya-saṁyoga 5n.1 n.; TP: viṣayāṇām indriyāṇāṁ ca saṁyogād iti – from contact of the senses and the objects of the senses (from: √viṣ – to be active, to perform; viṣa – active, poison, viṣaya – sphere, territory, scope, sense object, subject; √ind – to be powerful, indriya – the senses; sam-√yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage, saṁyoga – connection, union);
yat – yat sn. 1n.1 n. – which;
tat-agre – av. (7n.1) – at the beginning of that (from: tat sn. – that; agra – foremost, first, summit, goal);
amṛtopamam – amṛta-upama 1n.1 n.; yasyāmṛtam upameti – resembling nectar (from: √mṛ – to die; mṛta PP – dead, a-mṛta – not dead, eternal, nectar of immortality; upa-√mā – to measure, to compare, upamā – comparison, similarity, upama – suffix: similar, resembling);
pariṇāme – pariṇāma 7n.1 n. – in a change, in maturity (from: pari-√xnam – to change, to ripen);
viṣam – viṣa 1n.1 n. – active, poison, venom (from: √viṣ – to be active, to perform);
iva – av. – like, in the same manner as, almost, exactly;
tat – tat sn. 1n.1 n. – that;
sukham – sukha 1n.1 n. – pleasure, comfort (from: su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous; kha – cavity, hole, nave; su-kha – joy, happiness, literally: good hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving smooth;
or from: su-√sthā; opposite to: duḥkha – pain, difficulty);
rājasam – rājasa 1n.1 n. – related to rajas, rajasic (from: √rañj – to be dyed, be excited, be delighted, rajas – coloured, dust, passion, one of the three guṇas);
smṛtam – smṛta (√smṛ – to think, to remember) PP 1n.1 n. – it is known, it is remembered;

 

textual variants


yat tad-agre → yat tadā-tve (that which now);
sukhaṁ rājasaṁ smṛtam → tad rājasam iti smṛtam (that rajasic, thus it is known);
 
 



Śāṃkara


viṣayendriya-saṃyogāt jāyate yat sukhaṃ tat sukham agre prathama-kṣaṇe’mṛtopamam amṛta-samam, pariṇāme viṣam iva, bala-vīrya-rūpa-prajñā-medhā-dhanotsāha-hāni-hetutvāt adharma-taj-janita-narakādi-hetutvāc cya pariṇāme tad-upabhoga-pariṇāmānte viṣam iva, tat sukhaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam
 

Rāmānuja


agre anubhavavelāyāṃ viṣayendriyasaṃyogād yat tad amṛtam iva bhavati, pariṇāme vipāke viṣayāṇāṃ sukhatānimittakṣudādau nivṛtte tasya ca sukhasya nirayādinimittatvād viṣam iva pītaṃ bhavati, tat sukhaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam
 

Śrīdhara


rājasaṃ sukham āha viṣayeti viṣayāṇām indriyāṇāṃ ca saṃyogād yat tat prasiddhaṃ strī-saṃsargādi-sukham amṛtam upamā yasya tādṛśaṃ bhavaty agre prathamam | pariṇāme tu viṣa-tulyam ihāmutra ca duḥkha-hetutvāt | tat sukhaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam
 

Viśvanātha


yad amṛtopamaṃ para-strī-sambhogādikam
 

Baladeva


viṣayair yuvati-rūpa-sparśādibhiḥ sahendriyāṇāṃ cakṣus tv agādīnāṃ saṃyogāt sambandhāt yad agre pūrvam amṛtopamam atisvādu-pariṇāme ‚vasāne tu niraya-hetutvād viṣopamam atiduḥkhāvahaṃ bhavati tad rājasaṃ sukham
 
 



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