BhG 18.21

pṛthaktvena tu yaj jñānaṃ nānā-bhāvān pṛthag-vidhān
vetti sarveṣu bhūteṣu taj jñānaṃ viddhi rājasam

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syntax


yat jñānam (that knowledge which) pṛthaktvena tu (but by separation) sarveṣu bhūteṣu (in all beings) nānā-bhāvān (different natures) pṛthak-vidhān (as being of separate kinds) vetti (he knows),
tat jñānam (that knowledge) rājasam (as rajasic) viddhi (you must know).

 

grammar

pṛthaktvena – pṛthaktva abst. 3n.1 n. – by separation (from: √pṛth – to extend, pṛthak – separately, one by one);
or av. (3n.1) – one by one, separately (from: √pṛth – to extend, pṛthak – separately, one by one);
tu – av. – but, then, or, and;
yat – yat sn. 2n.1 n. – that which;
jñānam – jñāna 2n.1 n. – knowledge, wisdom (from: √jñā – to know, to understand);
nānā-bhāvān – nānā-bhāva 2n.3 n. – different states, different natures (from: nānā – differently, variously / different; xbhū – to be, bhāva – state, existence, nature, emotions);
pṛthag-vidhān – pṛthag-vidha 1n.3 n. – which has separate parts, of different kinds (from: √pṛth – to extend, pṛthak – separately, one by one; vi-√dhā – to divide, vidhā – division, part);
vetti – √vid (to know, to understand) Praes. P 1v.1 – he knows;
sarveṣu – sarva sn. 7n.3 n. – in all;
bhūteṣu – bhūta (√bhū – to be) PP 7n.3 m. – in beings, in creatures;
tat – tat sn. 2n.1 n. – that;
jñānam – jñāna 2n.1 n. – knowledge, wisdom (from: √jñā – to know, to understand);
viddhi – √vid (to know, to understand) Imperat. P 2v.1 – you must know;
rājasam – rājasa 2n.1 n. – related to rajas, rajasic (from: √rañj – to be dyed, be excited, be delighted, rajas – coloured, dust, passion, one of the three guṇas);

 

textual variants


tu → ca (and);
yaj jñānaṁ → yaj jñānān / taj jñānaṁ (which knowledge / that knowledge);
bhūteṣu → bhāveṣu (in states);
taj jñānaṁ viddhi rājasam → tad rājasam iti smṛtam (that rajasic, thus it is known);
 
 



Śāṃkara


yāni dvaita-darśanāni tāny asamyag-bhūtāni rājasāni tāmasāni ceti ca sākṣāt saṃsārocchittaye bhavanti—
pṛthaktvena tu bhedena prati-śarīram anyatvena yaj jñānaṃ nānā-bhāvān bhinnān ātmanaḥ pṛthag-vidhān pṛthak-prakārān bhinna-lakṣaṇān ity arthaḥ | vetti vijānāti yaj jñānaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu, jñānasya kartṛtvāsambhavāt yena jñānena vettīty arthaḥ, taj jñānaṃ viddhi rājasaṃ rajo-guṇa-nirvṛttam
 

Rāmānuja


sarveṣu bhūteṣu brāhmaṇādiṣu brāhmaṇādyākārapṛthaktvenātmākhyān api bhāvān nānābhūtān sitadīrghādipṛthaktvena ca pṛthagvidhān phalādisaṃyogayogyān karmādhikāravelāyāṃ yaj jñānaṃ vetti, taj jñānaṃ rājasaṃ viddhi
 

Śrīdhara


rājasa-jñānam āha pṛthaktveneti | pṛthaktvena tu yaj jñānam ity asyaiva vivaraṇam | sarveṣu bhūteṣu nānā-bhāvān vastuta evānekān kṣetrajñān pṛthag-vidhān sukhitva-duḥkhitvādi-rūpeṇa vilakṣaṇān yena jñānena vetti taj jñānaṃ rājasaṃ viddhi
 

Viśvanātha


rājasaṃ jñānam āha sarva-bhūteṣu jīvātmanaḥ pṛthaktvena yaj jñānam iti | deha-nāśa evātmano nāśa ity asurāṇāṃ matam | ataeva pṛthak pṛthag deheṣu pṛthak pṛthag evātmeti tathā śāstra-karaṇāt pṛthag-vidhān nānābhāvān nānābhiprāyān | ātmā sukha-duḥkhāśraya iti | sukha-duḥkhādyanāśraya itii jaḍa iti cetana iti vyāpaka iti | aūu-svarūpa iti | aneka iti ityādi kalpān yena eka ityādi veda tad rājasam
 

Baladeva


rājasa-jñānam āha pṛthaktveneti | sarveṣu bhūteṣu deva-manuṣyādi-deheṣu jīvātmanaḥ pṛthaktvena yaj jñānaṃ deha-vināśa evātma-vināśa iti yaj jñānam ity arthaḥ | yena ca nānā-vidhān bhāvān abhiprāyān vetti | deha evātmeti dehād anyo deha-parimāṇa ātmeti | kṣaṇika-vijñānam ātmeti nityāvajñāna-mātra-vibhur ātmeti | dehād anyo nava-viśeṣa-guṇāśrayo ‚jaḍo vibhur ātmety evaṃ lokāyatika-jaina-bauddha-māyi-tārkikādi-vādān yena jānāti tad rājasaṃ jñānam
 
 



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