BhG 17.17

śraddhayā parayā taptaṃ tapas tat tri-vidhaṃ naraiḥ
aphalākāṅkṣibhir yuktaiḥ sāttvikaṃ paricakṣate

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syntax


[yat] (which) aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ (by those not expecting the fruit) yuktaiḥ naraiḥ (by yoked people) parayā śraddhayā (with the supreme faith) taptam (undergone) tapaḥ (austerity),
tat [pūrvoktam] (that described earlier) tri-vidham [śārīram vāṅ-mayam mānasam ca tapaḥ] (threefold austerity – of body, speech and the mind) sāttvikam (sattvic) paricakṣate (they call).

 

grammar

śraddhayā – śraddhā 3n.1 f. – with faith (from: śrat – in compounds: faith; √dhā – to put [faith]; śraddhā – faith, confidence);
parayā – para 3n.1 f. – with ancient, final, the best, the supreme;
taptam – √tap (to scorch) PP 1n.1 n. – burned, undergone;
tapaḥ – tapas 1n.1 n. – heat, austerity (from: √tap – to scorch);
tat – tat sn. 1n.1 n. – that;
tri-vidham – tri-vidha 1n.1 n. – threefold, of three parts (from: tri – three; vi-√dhā – to divide, vidhā – division, part);
naraiḥ – nara 3n.3 m. – by men (from: nṛ – man, mankind);
aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ – a-phala-ākāṅkṣin 3n.3 m.; TP: ye phalaṁ nākāṅkṣanti taiḥ – by those not expecting the fruit (from: √phal – to ripen; phala – fruit, result; ā-√kāṅkṣ – to desire, to expect, ākāṅkṣā – eager desire, longing; -in, -min, -vin – sufixes meaning one who possesses);
yuktaiḥ – yukta (√yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage) PP 3n.3 m. – by those yoked, by those endowed with;
sāttvikam – sāttvika 1n.1 n. – related to sattva (from: √as – to be, PPr sant – being, existing, true, the essence, abst. sattva – being, essence, wisdom, spirit, one of the three guṇas);
paricakṣate – pari-√cakṣ (to name) Praes. Ā 1v.3 – they call;

 

textual variants


parayā taptaṁ → parayopetaṁ (endowed with the highest);
tapas tat → tapas tu (but austerity);
yuktaiḥ → muktaiḥ (by the liberated);
paricakṣate → parirakṣate (it protects from all sides);
 
 



Śāṃkara


yathoktaṃ kāyikaṃ vācikaṃ mānasaṃ ca tapas taptaṃ naraiḥ sattvādi-guṇa-bhedena kathaṃ tri-vidhaṃ bhavatīti, ucyate—
śraddhayā āstikya-buddhyā parayā prakṛṣṭayā taptam anuṣṭhitaṃ tapas tat prakṛtaṃ tri-vidhaṃ tri-prakāraṃ try-adhiṣṭhānaṃ narair anuṣṭhātṛbhir aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ phalākāṅkṣā-rahitair yuktaiḥ samāhitair yad īdṛśaṃ tapaḥ, tat sāttvikaṃ sattva-nirvṛttaṃ paricakṣate kathayanti śiṣṭāḥ
 

Rāmānuja


aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ phalākāṅkṣārahitaiḥ, yuktaiḥ paramapuruṣārādhanarūpam idam iti cintāyuktaiḥ naraiḥ parayā śraddhayā yat trividhaṃ tapaḥ kāyavāṅmanobhis taptam, tat sāttvikaṃ paricakṣate
 

Śrīdhara


tad evaṃ śarīra-vāṅ-manobhir nirvartyaṃ trividhaṃ tapo darśitam | tasya trividhasyāpi tapasaḥ sāttvikādi-bhedena traividhyam āha śraddhayetyādi-tribhiḥ | tat trividham api tapaḥ parayā śreṣṭhayā śraddhayā phalākāṅkṣā-śūnyair yuktair ekāgra-cittair narais taptaṃ sāttvikaṃ kathayanti
 

Madhusūdana


śārīra-vācika-mānasa-bhedena trividhasyoktasya tapasaḥ sāttvikādi-bhedena traividhyam idānīṃ darśayati śraddhayeti tribhiḥ | tat-pūrvoktaṃ trividhaṃ śārīraṃ vācikaṃ mānasaṃ ca tapaḥ śraddhayāstikya-buddhyā parayā prakṛṣṭayāprāmāṇya-śaṅkākalaṅka-śūnyayā phalābhisandhi-śūnyair yuktaiḥ samāhitaiḥ siddhy-asiddhyor nirvikārair narair adhikāribhis taptam anuṣṭhitaṃ sāttvikaṃ paricakṣate śiṣṭāḥ
 

Viśvanātha


trividham ukta-lakṣaṇaṃ kāyika-vācika-mānasam
 

Baladeva


uktasya tapasaḥ sāttvikāditayā traividhyam āha śraddhayeti-tribhiḥ | tad uktaṃ trividhaṃ tapaḥ phalākāṅkṣā-śūnyair yuktair ekāgra-cittair narair parayā śraddhayā taptam anuṣṭhitaṃ sāttvikam
 
 



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