BhG 16.4

dambho darpo ‘ti-mānaś ca krodhaḥ pāruṣyam eva ca
ajñānaṃ cābhijātasya pārtha saṃpadam āsurīm

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analysis

syntax

he pārtha (O son of Pṛthā!),
dambhaḥ (deceit) darpaḥ (pride) ati-mānaḥ (conceit) krodhaḥ (anger) pāruṣyam ca (and harshness) ajñānam eva ca (and indeed ignorance)
[etāni ṣaḍ-vidhāni] (these 6 parts) āsurīm sampadam (of demoniac perfection) abhijātasya (of one born to) [bhavanti] (they are).

grammar

dambhaḥ	–	dambha 1n.1 m. – deceit, feigning, hypocrisy (from: √dabh – to deceive, to destroy);
darpaḥ	–	darpa 1n.1 m. – pride, arrogance (from: √dṛp – to be extravagant, to be proud);
ati-mānaḥ	–	ati-māna 1n.1 m. – excessive pride, conceit (from: ati- – suffix: zbyt, excessively, beyond; √man – to think, māna – respect, honour, pride);
ca	–	av. – and;
krodhaḥ	–	krodha 1n.1 m. – anger, wrath (from: √krudh – to be angry);
pāruṣyam	–	pāruṣya 1n.1 n. – roughness, harshness (from: paruṣa – hard, rough, uneven);
eva	–	av. – certainly, just, merely;
ca	–	av. – and;
ajñānam	–	a-jñāna 1n.1 n. – ignorance (from: √jñā – to know, to understand);
ca	–	av. – and;
abhijātasya	–	abhi-jāta (abhi-√jan – to be born) PP 6n.1 m. – of one born to;
pārtha	–	pārtha 8n.1 m. – O son of Pṛthā (from: √pṛth – to extend, pṛthā – Kuntī, mother of the sons of Pāṇḍu);
saṁpadam	–	saṁpad 2n.1 f. – success, accomplishment, perfection, excellence, glory (from: sam-√pad – to attain);
āsurīm	–	āsurī 2n.1 f. – demoniac, hellish (from: asura – opponent of the heavenly, demon);

textual variants

‘ti-mānaś → ‘bhi-mānaś (pride);
pāruṣyam → pāruṣya (harshness);

commentaries

Śāṃkara

athedānīm āsurī saṃpad ucyate—
dambho dharma-dhvajitvam | darpo vidyā-dhana-svajanādi-nimitta utsekaḥ | atimānaḥ pūrvoktaḥ | krodhaś ca | pāruṣyam eva ca paruṣa-vacanam | yathā kāṇaṃ cakṣuṣmān, virūpaṃ rūpavān, hīnābhijanam uttamābhijana ity ādi | ajñānaṃ cāviveka-jñānaṃ kartavyākartavyādi-viṣaya-mithyā-pratyayaḥ | abhijātasya pārtha | kim-abhijātasyety āha—saṃpadam āsurīm asurāṇāṃ saṃpat āsurī tām abhijātasya ity arthaḥ

Rāmānuja

dambhaḥ dhārmikatvakhyāpanāya dharmānuṣṭhānam / darpaḥ kṛtyākṛtyāvivekakaro viṣayānubhavanimitto harṣaḥ / atimānaś ca svavidyābhijanān anuguṇo ‚bhimānaḥ / krodhaḥ parapiḍāphalacittavikāraḥ / pāruṣyam sādhūnām udvegakaraḥ svabhāvaḥ / ajñānam parāvaratattvakṛtyākṛtyāvivekaḥ / ete svabhāvāḥ āsurīṃ saṃpadam abhijātasya bhavanti / asurāḥ bhagavadājñātivṛttiśīlāḥ

Śrīdhara

Madhusūdana

ādeyatvena daivīṃ sampadam uktvedānīṃ heyatvenāsurīṃ saṃpadam ekena ślokena saṃkṣipyāha dambha iti | dambho dāarmikatayātmanaḥ khyāpanaṃ tad eva dharma-dhvajitvam | darpo dhana-svajanādi-nimitto mahad-avadhīraṇā-hetur garva-viśeṣaḥ | atimāna ātmany atyanta-pūjyatvātiśayādhyāropaḥ | devāś ca vā asurāś cobhaye prājāpatyāḥ paspṛdhire tato ‚surā atimānenaiva kasmin nu vayaṃ juhuyāmeti sveṣv evāsyeṣu juhvataś cerus te ‚timānenaiva parāvabhūvus tasmān nātimanyeta parābhavasya hy etan-mukhaṃ yad atimānaḥ iti śatapatha-śruty-uktaḥ | krodhaś ca sva-parāpakāra-vṛtti-hetur abhijvalanātmako ‚ntaḥkaraṇa-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ | pāruṣyam pratyakṣa-rūkṣa-vadana-śīlatvam | ca-kāro ‚nuktānāṃ bhāva-bhūtānāṃ cāpalādi-doṣāṇāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | ajñānaṃ kartavyākartavyādi-viṣaya-vivekābhāvaḥ | ca-śabdo ‚nuktānām abhāva-bhūtānām adhṛty-ādi-doṣāṇāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | āsurīm asura-ramaṇa-hetu-bhūtāṃ rajas-tamo-mayīṃ sampadam aśubha-vāsanā-santatiṃ śarīrārambha-kāle pāpa-karmabhir abhivyaktām abhilakṣya jātasya kupuruṣasya dambhādyā ajñānāntā doṣā eva bhavanti na tv abhayādyā guṇā ity arthaḥ | he pārtheti sambodhayan viśuddha-mātṛkatvena tad-ayogyatvaṃ sūcayati

Viśvanātha

bandhakāni phalāny āha dambhaḥ svasyādharmikatve ‚pi dhārmikatva-prakhyāpanam | darpo dhana-vidyādi-hetuko garvo ‚bhimāno ‚nya-kṛta-sammānanākāṅkṣitatvaṃ kalatra-putrādiṣv āsaktir vā | krodhaḥ prasiddhaḥ | pāruṣyaṃ niṣṭhuratā | ajñānam avivekaḥ | āsurīm ity upalakṣaṇaṃ rākṣasīm api sampadam abhijātasya rājasyāstāmasasyaś ca sampadaḥ prāpti-sūcaka-kṣaṇe janma labdhavataḥ puṃsa etāni dambhādīni bhavantīty arthaḥ

Baladeva

translations

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