BhG 14.16

syntax

sukṛtasya (of a well-done) karmaṇaḥ (of activity) sāttvikam (related to sattva) nirmalam phalam (the fruit deprived of impurities) [asti] (it is),
rajasaḥ tu (but of rajasic) [karmaṇaḥ] (activity) duḥkham phalam (distress as fruit) [asti] (it is),
tamasaḥ (of tamasic) [karmaṇaḥ] (activity) ajñānam phalam (ignorance as fruit) [asti] (it is),
[te] (they) āhuḥ (they declared).

grammar

karmaṇaḥ	–	karman 6n.1 n. – of activity (from: √kṛ – to do);
sukṛtasya	–	sukṛta 6n.1 n. – of a well done, of a merit, of a benefit (from: √kṛ – to do, PP kṛta – done, made; su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous);
āhuḥ	–	√ah (to speak – inflected only in Perf., other forms from: √brū) Perf. P 1v.3 – they spoke, they declared;
sāttvikam	–	sāttvika 1n.1 n. – related to sattva (from: √as – to be, PPr sant – being, existing, true, the essence, abst. sattva – being, essence, wisdom, spirit, one of the three guṇas);
nirmalam	–	nir-mala 1n.1 n. – lack of impurity (from: niḥ – out of, away from, without; mala – impurity, dirt, filth);
phalam	–	phala 1n.1 n. – fruit, result (from: √phal – to ripen);
rajasaḥ	–	rajas 6n.1 n. – of rajas, coloured, dust, passion (from: √rañj – to be dyed, be excited, be delighted);
tu	–	av. – but, then, or, and;
phalam	–	phala 1n.1 n. – fruit, result (from: √phal – to ripen);
duḥkham	–	duḥkha 1n.1 n. – distress (from: dur / dus – prefix: difficult, bad, hard; kha – cavity, hole, nave; duḥ-kha – pain, difficulty; literally: bad hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving not smooth; or from: duḥ-√sthā; opposite to: sukha – joy, happiness);
ajñānam	–	a-jñāna 1n.1 n. – ignorance (from: √jñā – to know, to understand);
tamasaḥ	–	tamas 6n.1 n. – of tamas, darkness, gloom, dullness, passivity (from: √tam – to choke, to faint, to perish, to stop);
phalam	–	phala 1n.1 n. – fruit, result (from: √phal – to ripen);

textual variants

karmaṇaḥ → karmaṇā (by activity);
sāttvikaṁ and nirmalaṁ interchange the position;
phalaṁ duḥkham → paraṁ duḥkham (supreme distress);

Śāṃkara

atīta-ślokārthasyaiva saṃkṣepa ucyate—
karmaṇaḥ sukṛtasya sāttvikasya ity arthaḥ, āhuḥ śiṣṭaḥ sāttvikam eva nirmalaṃ phalam iti | rajasas tu phalaṃ duḥkhaṃ rājasasya karmaṇa ity arthaḥ, karmādhikārāt phalam api duḥkham eva, kāraṇānurūpyāt, rājasam eva | tathā ajñānaṃ tamasas tāmasasya karmaṇo’dharmasya pūrvavat

Rāmānuja

evaṃ sattvapravṛddhau maraṇam upagamyātmavidāṃ kule jātenānuṣṭhitasya sukṛtasya phalābhisandhirahitasya madārādhanarūpasya karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ punar api tato ‚dhikasattvajanitaṃ nirmalaṃ duḥkhagandharahitaṃ bhavatīty āhuḥ sattvaguṇapariṇāmavidaḥ / antyakālapravṛddhasya rajasas tu phalaṃ phalasādhanakarmasaṅgikulajanmaphalābhisandhipūrvakakarmārambhatatphalānubhavapunarjanmarajovṛddhiphalābhisandhipūrvaka karmārambhaparamparārūpaṃ sāṃsārikaduḥkhaprāyam evety āhuḥ tadguṇayāthātmyavidaḥ / ajñānaṃ tamasaḥ phalam evam antyakālapravṛddhasya tamasaḥ phalam ajñānaparamparārūpam

Śrīdhara

idānīṃ sattvādīnāṃ svānurūpa karma-dvāreṇa vicitra-phala-hetutvam āha karmaṇa iti | sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ sāttvikaṃ sattva-pradhānaṃ nirmalaṃ prakāśa-bahulaṃ sukhaṃ phalam āhuḥ kapilādayaḥ | rajasa iti rājasasya karmaṇa ity arthaḥ | karma-phala-kathanasya prakṛtatvāt | tasya duḥkhaṃ phalam āhuḥ | tamasa iti tāmasasya karmaṇa ity arthaḥ | tasyājñānaṃ mūḍhatvaṃ phalam āhuḥ | sāttvikādi-karma-lakṣaṇaṃ ca niyataṃ saṅga-rahitam ity ādinā aṣṭādaśe ‚dhyāye vakṣyati

Madhusūdana

idānīṃ svānurūpa-karma-dvārā sattvādīnāṃ vicitra-phalatāṃ saṃkṣipyāha karmaṇa iti | sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇo dharmasya sāttvikaṃ sattvena nirvṛttaṃ nirmalaṃ rajas-tamo-malāmiśritaṃ sukhaṃ phalam āhuḥ paramarṣayau | rajaso rājasasya tu karmaṇaḥ pāpa-miśrasya puṇyasya phalaṃ rājasaṃ duḥkhaṃ duḥkha-bahulam alpaṃ sukhaṃ kāraṇānurūpyāt kāryasya | ajñānam aviveka-prāyaṃ duḥkhaṃ tāmasaṃ tamasas tāmasasya karmaṇo ‚dharmasya phalam | āhur ity anuṣajyate | sāttvikādi-karma-lakṣaṇaṃ ca niyataṃ saṅga-rahitam ity ādināṣṭādaśe vakṣyati | atra rajas-tamaḥ-śabdau tat-kārye prayuktau kārya-kāraṇayor abhedopacārāt gobhiḥ śrīṇīta matsaram ity atra yathā go-śabdas tat-prabhave payasi, yathā vā dhānyam asi dhinuhi devān ity atra dhānya-śabdas tat-prabhave taṇḍule | tatra payas taṇḍulayor ivātrāpi karmaṇaḥ prakṛtatvāt

Viśvanātha

sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ sāttvikam eva nirmalaṃ nirupadravam | ajñānam acetanatā

Baladeva

atha guṇānāṃ svānurūpakarmadvārā vicitra-phala-hjetutvam āha karmaṇa iti | sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇo nirmalaṃ phalam āhur guṇa-svabhāva-vido munayo mala-duḥkha-moha-rūpa-rajas-tamaḥ-phala-lakṣaṇān nirgataṃ sukham ity arthaḥ | tac ca sāttvikaṃ sattvena nirvṛttam | rajaso rājasasya karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ duḥkhaṃ kāryasya kāraṇānurūpyād duḥkha-pracuraṃ kiñcit sukham ity arthaḥ | tamas tāmasasya karmaṇo hiṃsādeḥ phalam ajñāna-caitanya-prāyaṃ duḥkham evety arthaḥ | tatra rajas-tamah-śabdābhyāṃ rājasa-tāmasa-karmaṇī lakṣye gobhiḥ prīṇita-matsaram ity atra yathā go-śabdena go-payo lakṣyate | sāttvikādi-karmaṇāṃ lakṣaṇāny aṣṭādaśe vakṣyante niyataṃ saṅga-rahitam ity ādibhiḥ