BhG 14.1

syntax

śrī-bhagavān (the glorious Lord) uvāca (he spoke):
jñānānām uttamam (the best of knowledge) param jñānam (supreme knowledge) bhūyaḥ (again) pravakṣyāmi (I will declare).
yat [jñānam] (that knowledge which) jñātvā (after knowing)
sarve munayaḥ (all sages) itaḥ (from now) parām siddhim (supreme perfection) gatāḥ (who reached) [santi] (they are).

grammar

śrī-bhagavān	–	śrī-bhagavant 1n.1 m.; TP: śriyā yukto bhagavān iti – the Lord united with majesty (from: śrī – lustre, majesty, fortune; √bhaj – to share, to love, to rejoice, to worship, bhaga – a share, good fortune, opulence; -mant / -vant – suffix denoting one who possesses, bhagavant – who possesses opulence);
uvāca	–	√vac (to speak) Perf. P 1v.1 – he spoke;
param	–	para 2n.1 n. – beyond, ancient, final, the best, the supreme;
bhūyaḥ	–	av. – more, again, besides;
pravakṣyāmi	–	pra-√vac (to declare, to speak) Fut. P 3v.1 – I will declare;
jñānānām	–	jñāna 6n.3 n. – of knowledges (from: √jñā – to know, to understand);
jñānam	–	jñāna 2n.1 n. – knowledge, wisdom (from: √jñā – to know, to understand);
uttamam	–	uttama 2n.1 n. – uppermost, highest, most elevated (superlative of: ud – upwards, above);
yat	–	yat sn. 2n.1 n. – that which;
jñātvā	–	√jñā (to know, to understand) absol. – after understanding;
munayaḥ	–	muni 1n.3 m. – sages, saints, seers (from: √man – to think, to imagine);
sarve	–	sarva sn. 1n.3 m. – all;
parām	–	para 2n.1 f. – beyond, ancient, final, the best, the supreme;
siddhim	–	siddhi 2n.1 f. – accomplishment, fulfilment, perfection, success (from: √sidh – to succeed, to become perfect);
itaḥ	–	av. – from this, from now (from: idam – to; indeclinable ablative with an ending: -tas);
gatāḥ	–	gata (√gam – to go) PP 1n.3 m. – those gone;

textual variants

ito gatāḥ → upāgatāḥ / udāgatāḥ / ato gatāḥ (who have achieved / who have reached / who have gone from here);

Śāṃkara

sarvam utpadyamānaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogād utpadyata ity uktam | tat kathamiti, tat-pradarśanārthaṃ paraṃ bhūya ity ādir adhyāya ārabhyate | athavā, īśvara-paratantrayoḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayoḥ jagat-kāraṇatvaṃ na tu sāṃkhyānām iva svatantrayor ity evam artham | prakṛti-sthatvaṃ guṇeṣu ca saṅgaḥ saṃsāra-kāraṇam ity uktam | kasmin guṇe kathaṃ saṅgaḥ ? ke vā guṇāḥ ? kathaṃ vā te badhnantīti ? guṇebhyaś ca mokṣaṇaṃ kathaṃ syāt ? muktasya ca lakṣaṇaṃ vaktavyam, ity evam arthaṃ ca bhagavān uvāca—
paraṃ jñānam iti vyavahitena saṃbandhaḥ | bhūyaḥ punaḥ pūrveṣu sarveṣv adhyāyeṣu asakṛd uktam api pravakṣyāmi | tac ca paraṃ para-vastu-viṣayatvāt | kiṃ tat ? jñānaṃ sarveṣāṃ jñānānām uttamam, uttama-phalatvāt | jñānānām iti nāmānitvādīnām | kiṃ tarhi ? yajñādi-jñeya-vastu-viṣayāṇām iti | tāni na mokṣāya, idaṃ tu mokṣāyeti parottama-śabdābhyāṃ stauti śrotṛ-buddhi-rucy-utpādanārtham | yaj jñātvā yaj jñānaṃ jñātvā prāpya munayaḥ saṃnyāsino manana-śīlāḥ sarve parāṃ siddhiṃ mokṣākhyām ito’smāt deha-bandhanāt ūrdhvaṃ gatāḥ prāptāḥ

Rāmānuja

param pūrvoktād anyat prakṛtipuruṣāntargatam eva sattvādiguṇaviṣayaṃ jñānaṃ bhūyaḥ pravakṣyāmi / tac ca jñānaṃ sarveṣāṃ prakṛtipuruṣaviṣayajñānānām uttamam / yaj jñānaṃ jñātvā sarve munayas tan mananaśīlāḥ itaḥ saṃsārabandhāt parāṃ siddhiṃ gatāḥ parāṃ pariśuddhātmasvarūpaprāptirūpāṃ siddhim avāptāḥ

Śrīdhara

yāvat sañjāyate kiñcit sattvaṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamam | kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogāt tad viddhi bharatarṣabha || ity uktam | sa ca kṣetra-kṣetrajñayoḥ saṃyogo nirīśvara-sāṅkhyānām iva na svātantryeṇa | kintu īśvarecchayiveti kathana-pūrvakaṃ kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo ‚sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu ity anenoktaṃ sattvādi-guṇīkṛtaṃ saṃsāra-vaicitryaṃ prapañcayiṣyan evambhūtaṃ vakṣyamānam arthaṃ stauti bhagavān paraṃ bhūya iti dvābhyām | paraṃ paramātma-niṣṭham | jñāyate aneneti jñānam upadeśaḥ | taj jñānaṃ bhūyo ‚pi tubhyaṃ prakarṣeṇa vakṣyāmi | kathambhūtam | jñānānāṃ tapaḥ-karmādi-viṣayāṇāṃ madhya uttamam | mokṣa-hetutvāt | tad evāha yaj jñātvā munayo manana-śīlāḥ sarve | ito deha-bandhanāt | parāṃ siddhiṃ mokṣam | gatāḥ prāptāḥ

Madhusūdana

pūrvādhyāye – yāvat saṃjāyate kiṃcit sattvaṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamam | kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogāt tad viddhi [Gītā 13.26] ity uktaṃ tatra nirīśvara-sāṅkhyam atinirākaraṇena kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogasyeśvarādhīnatvaṃ vaktavyam | evaṃ kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo ‚sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu ity uktaṃ tatra kasmin guṇa kathaṃ saṅgaḥ ke vā guṇāḥ kathaṃ vā te badhnantīti vaktavyam | tathā bhūta-prakṛti-mokṣaṃ ca ye vidur yānti te param ity uktaṃ tatra bhūta-prakṛti-śabditebhyo guṇebhyaḥ kathaṃ mokṣaṇaṃ syān muktasya ca kiṃ lakṣaṇam iti vaktavyaṃ, tad etat sarvaṃ vistareṇa vaktuṃ caturdaśo ‚dhyāya ārabhyate | tatra vakṣyamāṇam arthaṃ dvābhyāṃ stuvan śrotṝṇāṃ rucy-utpattaye śrī-bhagavān uvāca param iti | jñāyate ‚nena jñānaṃ paramātma-jñāna-sādhanaṃ paraṃ śreṣṭhaṃ para-vastu-viṣayatvāt | kīdṛśaṃ tat ? jñānānāṃ jñāna-sādhanānāṃ bahiraṅgāṇāṃ yajñādīnāṃ madhya uttamam uttama-phalatvāt | na tvam ānitvādīnāṃ teṣām antaraṅgatvenottama-phalatvāt | param ity anenotkṛṣṭa-viṣayatvam uktam | uttamam ity anena tūtkṛṣṭa-phalatvam iti bhedaḥ | īdṛśaṃ jñānam ahaṃ pravakṣyāmi bhūyaḥ punaḥ pūrveṣv adhyāyeṣv asakṛd uktam api yaj jñānaṃ jñātvānuṣṭhāya munayo manana-śīlāḥ saṃnyāsinaḥ sarve parāṃ siddhiṃ mokṣākhyām ito deha-bandhanād gatāḥ prāptāḥ

Viśvanātha

pūrvādhyāye kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo ‚sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu ity uktam | tatra ke guṇāḥ, kīdṛśo guṇa-saṅgaḥ, kasya guṇasya saṅgāt kiṃ phalaṃ syāt, guṇa-yuktasya kiṃvā lakṣaṇam | kathaṃ vā guṇebhyo mocanam ity apekṣāyāṃ vakṣyamānam arthaṃ stuvāno vaktuṃ pratijānīte param iti | jñāyate æneneti jñānam upadeśaḥ param atyuttamam

Baladeva

pūrvādhyāye mithaḥ-sampṛktānāṃ prakṛti-jīveśvarāṇāṃ svarūpāṇi vivicya jānann amānitvādi-dharmair viśiṣṭaḥB prakṛti-bandhād vimucyate bandha-hetuś ca guṇa-saṅga ity uktam | tatra ke guṇāḥ, kasmin guṇe kathaṃ saṅgaḥ, kasya guṇasya saṅgāt kiṃ phalaṃ, guṇa-saṅginaḥ kiṃvā lakṣaṇaṃ kathaṃ vā guṇebhyo muktiḥ ity apekṣāyāṃ vakṣyamāṇam artham ātma-rucy-utpattaye bhagavān stauti param iti dvābhyām |
paraṃ pūrvoktād anyaṃ prakṛti-jīvāntargatam eva guṇa-viṣayakaṃ jñānaṃ bhūyo vakṣyāmi yaj-jñānānāṃ prakṛti-jīva-viṣayakāṇām uttamaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ navanītavad uddhṛtatvāt | yaj jñātvopalabhya sarve munayas tan-manana-śīlā ito loke param ātma-yāthātmyopalabdhi-lakṣaṇāṃ siddhiṃ gatāḥ | yad vā jñāyate ‚neneti jñānam upadeśam, tac ca prāg uktam api bhūyaḥ punar vidhāntareṇa vakṣyāmi | tac ca jñānānāṃ tapaḥ-prabhṛtīnāṃ jñāna-sādhanānāṃ madhye param uttamam atyuttamaṃ tad-antaraṅga-sādhanatvāt | yaj jñātvā sarve munaya ito lokāt parāṃ mokṣa-lakṣaṇāṃ siddhiṃ gatāḥ