BhG 11.48

na veda-yajñādhyayanair na dānair na ca kriyābhir na tapobhir ugraiḥ
evaṃ-rūpaḥ śakya ahaṃ nṛ-loke draṣṭuṃ tvad anyena kuru-pravīra

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syntax


he kuru-pravīra (O hero among the Kurus!),
nṛ-loke (in the world of men) tvad-anyena (by other than you) veda-yajñādhyayanaiḥ (by studying the Vedas and sacrifice) dānaiḥ (by charities) kriyābhiḥ ca (and by performing the religious acts) ugraiḥ tapobhiḥ (by powerful austerities) evaṁ-rūpaḥ (such a form) aham (I) draṣṭum (to see) na śakyaḥ (not possible).

 

grammar

na – av. – not;
veda-yajñādhyayanaih – veda-yajña-adhyayana 3n.3 n.; DV / TP: vedānāṁ ca yajñānāṁ cādhyayanaiḥ – by studying the Vedas and sacrifice (from: √vid – to know, to understand, veda – the Vedas; √yaj – to consecrate, to sacrifice, to worship, yajña – sacrifice, worship; adhi-√i – to turn the mind towards, to study, adhy-ayana – reading, studying);
na – av. – not;
dānaiḥ – dāna 3n.3 n. – by charities (from: √dā – to give);
na – av. – not;
ca – av. – and;
kriyābhiḥ – kriyā 3n.3 f. – act, work, especially religious one (from: √kṛ – to do);
na – av. – not;
tapobhiḥ – tapas 3n.3 n. – by austerities (from: √tap – to scorch);
ugraiḥ – ugra 3n.3 n. – by powerful, terrible, cruel;
evaṁ-rūpaḥ – evaṁ-rūpa 1n.1 m. – such a form (from: √rūp – to form; rūpa – shape, figure, beauty; av. evam – thus; in compounds: of this kind);
śakyaḥ – śakya (√śak – to be able to) PF 1n.1 m. – possible;
aham – asmat sn. 1n.1 – I;
nṛ-loke – nṛ-loka 7n.1 m.; TP: nṛṇām loka iti – in the world of men (from: nṛ – man, mankind; loka – world, people);
draṣṭum – √dṛś (to see) inf. – to see;
tvat-anyena – tvat-anya 3n.1 m.; TP: tvattaḥ kenāpy anyeneti – by other than you (from: tvat – the basic form of a personal ponoun „you” singular used in compounds; anya – other);
kuru-pravīra – kuru-pravīra 8n.1 m.; TP: kurūṇāṁ pravīreti – O hero among the Kurus (from: kuru – Kuru, Kurus – descendants of Kuru; pra-vīra – brave, a hero, the chief among);

 

textual variants


veda-yajñādhyayanair → veda-yajñādhigamair (by understanding the Vedas and sacrifice);
evaṁ-rūpaḥ → evaṁ-rūpaṁ (such a form);
śakya ahaṁ → śakyate māṁ / śakyam ahaṁ / draṣṭum ahaṁ / śakyo haṁ / śakyas tv ahaṁ / śakyate ‘ham ([not] possible, me / I, possible / to see I / I can / but I can / [not] possible, I);
nṛ-loke → tri-loke / na loke (in the three worlds / not in the world);
draṣṭum → dṛṣṭaṁ / śakyaṁ (seen / possible);
 
 



Śāṃkara


ātmano mama rūpa-darśanena kṛtārtha eva tvaṃ saṃvṛtta iti tat stauti—
na veda-yajñādhyayanaiś caturṇām api vedānām adhyayanair yathāvat yajñādhyayanaiś ca—vedādhyayanair eva yajñādhyayanasya siddhatvāt pṛthak yajñādhyayana-grahaṇaṃ yajña-vijñānopalakṣaṇārthaṃ—tathā na dānais tulā-puruṣādibhiḥ, na ca kriyābhir agnihotrādibhiḥ śrautādibhiḥ, nāpi tapobhir ugraiś cāndrāyaṇādibhir ugrair ghoraiḥ, evaṃ-rūpo yathā-darśitaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ yasya so’ham evaṃ-rūpo na śakyo’haṃ nṛ-loke manuṣya-loke draṣṭuṃ tvad-anyena tvatto’nyena kura-pravīra
 

Rāmānuja


ananyabhaktivyatiriktaiḥ sarvair apy upāyair yathāvad avasthito ‚haṃ draṣṭuṃ na śakya ity āha
evaṃrūpo yathāvad avathito ‚haṃ mayi bhaktimatas tvatto ‚nyena ekāntabhaktirahitena kenāpi puruṣeṇa vedayajñādibhiḥ kevalair draṣṭuṃ na śakyaḥ
 

Śrīdhara


etad-darśanam atidurlabhaṃ labdhvā tvaṃ kṛtārtho ‚sīty āha na vedeti | vedādhyayanam avyatirekeṇa yajñādhyayanasyābhāvād yajña-śabdena yajña-vidyāḥ kalpa-sūtrādyā lakṣyante | vedānāṃ yajña-vidyānāṃ cādhyayanair ity arthaḥ | na ca dānaiḥ | na ca kriyābhir agnihotrādibhiḥ | na cograis tapobhiś cāndrāyaṇādibhiḥ | evaṃ-rūpo ‚haṃ tvatto ‚nyena manuṣya-loke draṣṭuṃ śakyaḥ | api tu tvam eva kevalaṃ mat-prasādena dṛṣṭvā kṛtārtho ‚si
 

Madhusūdana


etad-rūpa-darśanātmakam atidurlabhaṃ mat-prasādaṃ labdhvā kṛtārtha evāsi tvam ity āha na vedeti | vedānāṃ caturṇām api adhyayanair akṣara-grahaṇa-rūpaiḥ, tathā mīmāṃsākalpa-sūtrādi-dvārā yajñānāṃ veda-bodhita-karmaṇām adhayayanair artha-vicāra-rūpair veda-yajñādhyayanaiḥ | dānais tulī-puruṣādibhiḥ | kriyābhir agnihotrādi-śrauta-karmabhiḥ | tapobhiḥ kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādibhir ugraiḥ kāyendriya-śoṣakatvena duṣkarair evaṃ-rūpo ‚haṃ na śakyo nṛ-loke manuṣya-loke draṣṭuṃ tvad-anyena mad-anugraha-hīnena he kuru-pravīra ! śakyo ‚ham iti vaktavye visarga-lopaś chāndasaḥ | pratyekaṃ na-kārābhyāso niṣedha-dāḍhyāya | na ca kriyābhir ity atra ca-kārād anukta-sādhanāntara-samuccayaḥ
 

Viśvanātha


tubhyaṃ darśitam idaṃ rūpaṃ tu vedādi-sādhanair api durlabham ity āha na vedeti | tvatto ‚nyena na kenāpy aham evaṃrūpo draṣṭuṃ śakyaḥ | śakyo ‚ham iti | yad-dvaya-lopāv ārṣau | tasmād alabhya-lābham ātmano matvā tvam asminn eveśvare, sarva-durlabhe rūpe mano-niṣṭhāṃ kuru | etad-rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvāpy alaṃ te punar me mānuṣa-rūpeṇa didṛkṣiteneti bhāvaḥ
 

Baladeva


atha sahasra-śīrṣādi-lakṣaṇasyaiśvara-rūpasya pumarthatām āha na vedeti | vedānām adhyayanair akṣara-grahaṇaiḥ | yajñānām adhayayanair mīmāṃśā-kalpa-sūtrebhyo ‚rpaṇaiḥ | kriyābhir agnihotrādi-karmabhiḥ | tapobhiḥ kṛcchrādibhir ugrair deha-śoṣakatvena duṣkaraiḥ | ebhiḥ kevalair vedādhyayanādibhir bhakti-yuktāt tvatto ‚nyena bhakti-riktena kenāpi puṃsā evaṃ-rūpo ‚haṃ draṣṭuṃ na śakyo, bhaktiṃ vinā bhūtāni vedādhyayanādīni mad-darśana-sādhanāni na bhavantīti | yad uktaṃ –
dharmaḥ satyādayopeto vidyā vā tapasānvitā |
mad-bhaktyāpetam ātmānaṃ na samyak prapunāti hi || iti |
tvayā tu bhaktimatā dṛṣṭa evāham anyaiś ca bhaktimadbhir devādibhiḥ | śakyo ‚ham iti vaktavye visarga-lopaś chāndasaḥ | na-kārābhyāso niṣedhāḍhyārthaḥ | nṛ-loke ity uktes tal-loke tad-bhaktā devā bahavas tad draṣṭuṃ śaknuvantīty uktam
 
 



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