BhG 6.16

syntax

he arjuna (O Arjuna!),
aty-aśnataḥ tu (of one who eats excessively) yogaḥ (yoga) na asti (there is not),
anaśnataḥ ca (and of one who does not eat) ekāntam (concentration) na [asti] (there is not),
ati-svapna-śīlasya ca (and of one who sleeps too much) jāgrataḥ (waking) na [asti] (there is not),
eva ca (and just) na [asti] (there is not).

grammar

na	–	av. – not;
aty-aśnataḥ	–	ati-aśnant (√aś – to reach, to eat, to enjoy) PPr 6n.1 m. – of one who eats excessively (from: ati – prefix: excessively; aśnant – who eats);
tu	–	av. – but, then, or, and;
yogaḥ	–	yoga 1n.1 m. – yoga, yoking, application, a means, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy (from:√yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage);
asti	–	√as (to be) Praes. P 1v.1 –there is;
na	–	av. – not;
ca	–	av. – and;
ekāntam	–	ekānta 1n.1 m. – exclusiveness, concentration on one point (from: eka – one; anta – the end, limit, boundary, death);
anaśnataḥ	–	an-aśnant (√aś –to reach, to eat, to enjoy) PPr 6n.1 m. – of one who does not eat;
na	–	av. – not;
ca	–	av. – and;
ati-svapna-śīlasya	–	ati-svapna-śīlasya 6n.1 m.; BV: yasyāti-svaptuṁ śīlam asti saḥ – of one who sleeps too much (from: ati – prefix: excessively; √svap – to sleep, svapna – sleep; śīla – habit, conduct, nature, suffix: having habit of);
jāgrataḥ	–	jāgrata (√jāgṛ – to be awake, be aware) PP 1n.1 m. – waking;
na	–	av. – not;
eva	–	av. – certainly, just, merely;
ca	–	av. – and;
arjuna	–	arjuna 8n.1 m. – white, clear, O Arjuna;

textual variants

nāty-aśnatas tu yogo ‘sti → yogo ‘sti naivāty-aśato (ther is no yoga of one who eats excessively);
jāgrato naiva cārjuna → nāti jāgarato ‘rjuna (O Arjuna, and not of one waked too much);

Śāṃkara

idānīṃ yoginaḥ āhārādi-niyama ucyate—

nātyaśnata ātma-saṃmitam anna-parimāṇam atītyāśnato’tyaśnato na yogo’sti | na caikāntam anaśnato yogo’sti | yad u ha vā ātma-saṃmitam annaṃ tad avati tan na hinasti yad bhūyo hinasti tad yat kanīyo’nnaṃ na tad avati [śāstratapathabhāv 9.2.1.2] iti śruteḥ | tasmāt yogī na ātma-saṃmitād annād adhikaṃ nyūnaṃ vāśnīyāt | athavā, yogino yoga-śāstre paripaṭhitād anna-parimāṇād atimātram aśnato yogo nāsti | uktaṃ hi—

ardhaṃ sa-vyañjanānnasya tṛtīyam udakasya ca |
vāyoḥ saṃcaraṇārthaṃ tu caturtham avaśeṣayet || ity ādi parimāṇam |

tathā—na cātisvapna-śīlasya yogo bhavati naiva cātimātraṃ jāgrato bhavati cārjuna

Rāmānuja

commentary under the verse BhG 6.17

Śrīdhara

yogābhyāsa-niṣṭhasyāhārādi-niyamam āha nātyaśanata iti dvyābhyām | atyantam adhikaṃ bhuñjānasya ekāntam atyantam abhuñjānasyāpi yogaḥ samādhir na bhavati | tathātinidrā-śīlasyātijāgrataś ca yogo naivāsti

Madhusūdana

evaṃ yogābhyāsa-niṣṭhasyāhārādi-niyamam āha nātyaśanata iti dvyābhyām | yad bhuktaṃ sajjīryati śarīrasya ca kārya-kṣamatāṃ sampādayati tad-ātma-saṃmitam annaṃ tad atikramya lobhenādhikam aśnato na yogo ‚sti ajīrṇa-doṣeṇa vyādhi-pīḍitatvāt | na caikāntam anaśnato yogo ‚sti | anāhārād atyalpāhārād vā rasa-poṣaṇābhāvena śarīrasya kāryākṣamatvāt | yad u ha vā ātma-saṃmitam annaṃ tad avati tan na hinasti yad bhūyo hinasti tad yat kanīyo ‚nnaṃ na tad avati [ŚatapathaB 9.2.1.2] iti śatapatha-śruteḥ | tasmād yogī nātma-saṃmitād annād adhikaṃ nyūnaṃ vāśnīyād ity arthaḥ |

athavā –
pūrayed aśanenārdhaṃ tṛtīyam udakena tu |
vāyoḥ saṅcaraṇārthaṃ tu caturtham avaśeṣayet ||

ity ādi yoga-śāstrokta-parimāṇād adhikaṃ nyūnaṃ vāśnato yogo na sampadyata ity arthaḥ | tathātinidrā-śīlasyātijāgrataś ca yogo naivāsti he ‚rjuna sāvadhāo bhavety abhiprāyaḥ | yathā mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇe –

nādhmātaḥ kṣudhitaḥ śrānto na ca vyākula-cetanaḥ |
yuñjīta yogaṃ rājendra yogī siddhy-artham ātmanaḥ ||
nātīśīte na caivoṣṇe na dvandve nānilānvite |
kāleṣv eteṣu yuñjīta na yogaṃ dhyāna-tat-paraḥ || ity ādi

Viśvanātha

yogābhyāsa-niṣṭhasya niyamam āha nātyaśanata iti dvyābhyām | atyaśnato ‚dhikaṃ bhuñjānasya | yad uktaṃ –

pūrayed aśanenārdhaṃ tṛtīyam udakena tu |
vāyoḥ saṅcaraṇārthaṃ tu caturtham avaśeṣayet || iti

Baladeva

yogam abhyasyato bhojanādi-niyamam āha nātīti dvyābhyām | atyaśanam anatyaśanaṃ ca, atisvāpo ‚tijāgaraś ca, yoga-virodhy-ativihārādi cottarāt