BhG 1.1

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca
dharma-kṣetre kuru-kṣetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ
māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāś caiva kim akurvata saṃjaya

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syntax

dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) uvāca (he spoke):
he saṁjaya (O Saṁjaya!),
dharma-kṣetre (in the field of dharma) kuru-kṣetre eva (just in the field of the Kurus) samavetāḥ (assembled) yuyutsavaḥ (desiring to fight) māmakāḥ (mine) pāṇḍavāḥ ca (and the sons of Pāṇḍu) kim akurvata (what they did?).

 

grammar

dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ dhṛta-rāṣṭra 1n.1 m.by whom the kingdom is held, Dhṛtarāṣṭra (from: dhṛ – to hold, PP dhṛta – held; rāṣṭra – kingdom);
uvāca vac (to speak) Perf. P 1v.1he spoke;
dharma-kṣetre dharma-kṣetra 7n.1 n.; TP: dharmasya kṣetra itiin the field of dharma (from: dhṛ – to hold, dharma – the law; kṣi – to posses, kṣetra – field);
kuru-kṣetre kuru-kṣetra 7n.1 n.; TP: kuroḥ kṣetra itiin the field of the Kurus (from: kuru – Kuru, the Kurus – the descendants of Kuru; kṣi – to posses, kṣetra – field);
samavetāḥ sam-aveta (sam-ava-i – come together) PP 1n.3 m.assembled;
yuyutsavaḥ yuyutsu (yudh – to fight) des. 1n.3 m.; yoddhum icchantaḥdesiring to fight;
māmakāḥ māmaka 1n.3 m.my, mine;
pāṇḍavāḥ pāṇḍava 1n.3 m.; pāṇḍoḥ putrā itithe sons of Pāṇḍu (from: pāṇḍu – white, pale);
ca av.and;
eva av.certainly, just, merely;
kim kim sn. 2n.1 n.what?
akurvata kṛ (to do) Imperf. Ā 1v.3they did;
saṁjaya sam-jaya 8n.1 m.conquest, complete victory, Sajaya (from: sam-ji – to conquer completely, jaya – victory);

 

textual variants


samavetā yuyutsavaḥsarva-kṣatra-samāgame (in the meeting place of all the warriors);

 
 



Śāṃkara

no commentary up to the verse BhG 2.10

 

Rāmānuja

no commentary up to the verse BhG 1.11

 

Madhva

no commentary up to the verse BhG 2.11

 

Śrīdhara

tatra dharma-kṣetra ity ādinā ślokena dhṛtarāṣṭrena hastināpura-sthitaṃ sva-sārathiṃ samīpasthaṃ sañjayaṃ prati kurukṣetra-vṛttānte pṛṣṭhe | sañjayo hastināpurasthito ‚pi vyāsa-prasāda-labdha-divya-cakṣuḥ kurukṣetra-vṛttāntaṃ sākṣāt paśyann iva dhṛtarāṣṭrāya nivedayāmāsa | dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkam ity ādinā |

 

Viśvanātha

athārjunasya śoka-mohau katham bhūtāv ity apekṣāyāṃ mahābhārata-vaktā śrī-vaiśampāyano janamejayaṃ prati tatra bhīṣma-parvaṇi kathām avatārayati dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca iti |
kurukṣetre yuyutsavo yuddhārthaṃ saṅgatā māmakā duryodhanādyāḥ pāṇḍavāś ca yudhiṣṭhirādayaḥ kiṃ kṛtavantas tad brūhi |
nanu yuyutsava iti tvaṃ bravīṣy evāto yuddham eva kartum udyatās te tad api kim akurvateti kenābhiprāyeṇa pṛcchasīty ata āha dharmakṣetra iti | kurukṣetraṃ deva-yajanam iti śrutes tat-kṣetrasya dharma-pravartakatvaṃ prasiddham |
atas tat-saṃsarga-mahimnā yady adharmikāṇām api duryodhanādīnāṃ krodha-nivṛttyā dharme matiḥ syāt | pāṇḍavās tu svabhāvata eva dhārmikās tato bandhu-hiṃsanam anucitam ity ubhayeṣām api viveke udbhūte sandhir api sambhāvyate |
tataś ca mamānanda eveti sañjayaṃ prati jñāpayitum iṣṭo bhāvo bāhyaḥ | ābhyantaras tu sandhau sati pūrvavat sakaṇṭakam eva rājyaṃ mad-ātmajānām iti me durvāra eva viṣādaḥ | tasmād asmākīno bhīṣmas tv arjunena durjaya evety ato yuddham eva śreyas tad eva bhūyād iti tu tan-mano-rathopayogī durlakṣyaḥ |
atra dharma-kṣetre iti kṣetra-padena dharmasya dharmāvatārasya saparikara-yudhiṣṭhirasya dhānyasthānīyatvam | tat-pālakasya śrī-kṛṣṇasya kṛṣi-bala-sthānīyatvam | kṛṣṇa-kṛta-nānā-vidha-sāhāyyasya jala-secana-setu-bandhanādi-sthānīyatvam | śrī-kṛṣṇa-saṃhārya-duryodhanāder dhānya-dveṣi-dhānyākāra-tṛṇa-viśeṣa-sthānīyatvaṃ ca bodhitaṃ sarasvatyā

 

Baladeva

saṅgrāma-mūrdhni saṃvādo yo ‚bhūd govinda-pārthayoḥ |
tat-saṅgatyai kathāṃ prākhyād gītāsu prathame muniḥ ||
iti tāvad bhagavad-arjuna-saṃvādaṃ prastautuṃ kathā nirūpyate| dharmakṣetre ity ādibhiḥ sapta-viṃśatyā | tad-bhagavataḥ pārtha-sārathyaṃ vidvān dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ sva-putra-vijaye sandihānaḥ sañjayaṃ pṛcchatīty āha | janmejayaṃ prati vaiśampāyanaḥ dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāceti | yuyutsavo yoddhum icchavo māmakā mat-putrāḥ pāṇḍavāś ca kurukṣetre samavetāḥ kim akurvateti |
nanu yuyutsavaḥ samavetā iti tvam evātthya tato yudherann eva punaḥ kim akurvateti kas te bhāva iti cet, tatrāha – dharmakṣetra iti | yad anu kurukṣetraṃ devānāṃ deva-yajanaṃ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ brahma-sadanam ity ādi-śravaṇād dharma-prarohi-bhūmi-bhūtaṃ kurukṣetraṃ prasiddham | tat-prabhāvād vinaṣṭa-vidveṣā mat-putrāḥ kiṃ pāṇḍavebhyas tad-rājyaṃ dātuṃ niścikyuḥ | kiṃ vā, pāṇḍavāḥ sadaiva dharma-śīlā dharma-kṣetre tasmin kula-kṣaya-hetukād adharmād bhītā vana-praveśam eva śreyo vimamṛśur iti | he sañjayeti vyāsa-prasādād vinaṣṭa-rāga-dveṣas tvaṃ tathyaṃ vadety arthaḥ |
pāṇḍavānāṃ māmakatvānuktir dhṛtarāṣṭrasya teṣu droham abhivyanakti | dhānya-kṣetrāt tad-virodhināṃ dhānyābhāsānām iva dharma-kṣetrāt tad-virodhināṃ dharmābhāsānāṃ tvat-putrāṇām apagamo bhāvīti dharma-kṣetra-śabdena gīr-devyā vyajyate

 
 

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