BhG 3.43

evaṃ buddheḥ paraṃ buddhvā saṃstabhyātmānam ātmanā
jahi śatruṃ mahā-bāho kāma-rūpaṃ durāsadam

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analysis

syntax


he mahā-bāho (O mighty-armed one!),
evam (thus) buddheḥ (than intelligence) param (superior) buddhvā (after knowing),
ātmanā (by the self) ātmānam (the self) saṁstabhya (after steadying)
durāsadam (difficult to conquer) kāma-rūpam (in the form of desire) jahi (you must kill).

 

grammar

evam – av. – thus;
buddheḥ – buddhi 5n.1 f. – than intelligence, thought, understanding, knowledge, idea, opinion (from: √budh – to wake, to perceive, to understand);
param – para 2n.1 n. – beyond, ancient, final, the best, the supreme;
buddhvā – √budh (to wake, to perceive, to understand) absol. – after knowing;
saṁstabhya – sam-√stambh (to support, to steady) absol. – after steadying, after restraining;
ātmānam – ātman 2n.1 m. – self;
ātmanā – ātman 3n.1 m. – by the self;
jahi – √han (to strike, to beat, to kill) Imperat. P 2v.1 – you must kill;
śatrum – śatru 2n.1 m. – enemy, rival (from: √śad – to fall, to disperse, to kill);
mahā-bāho – mahā-bāhu 8n.1 m.; BV: yasya bāhū mahāntau staḥ saḥ – O you who have mighty arms (from: √mah – to magnify, mahant – great; √baṁh – to grow, to increase, bāhu – the arm);
kāma-rūpam – kāma-rūpa 2n.1 m.; BV: yasya rūpaṁ kāmo ‘sti tam – that whose form is desire (from: √kam –to wish, to love, to long for, kāma – wish, desire; √rūp – to form, rūpa – shape, figure, beauty);
durāsadam – dur-ā-sada 2n.1 m. – difficul to meet, to conquer (from: dur / dus – prefix: difficult, bad, hard; ā-√sad – to sit near, to approach, ā-sada – meeting);

 

textual variants


buddhvā → matvā / buddhaḥ (after thinking / knower);
saṁstabhyātmānam → sastaṁbhyātmānam / saṁstutyātmānam / saṁyamyātmānam (after steadying the self / after praising the self / after restraining the self);

 
 


commentaries

Śāṃkara

The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic

tataḥ kiṃ —

Thus knowing Him who is superior to reason, subduing the self by the self,
slay thou, O mighty-armed, the enemy in the form of desire, hard to conquer.

evaṃ buddheḥ paraṃ buddhvā saṃstabhyātmānam ātmanā |
jahi śatruṃ mahābāho kāma-rūpaṃ durāsadam ||3.43||

Thus understanding the Self who is superior to reason and subduing the self by the self, i. e., steadily composing the self by means of the self,

 evaṃ buddheḥ param ātmānaṃ buddhvā jñātvā saṃstabhya samyak stambhanaṃ kṛtvātmānaṃ svenaivātmanā saṃskṛtena manasā samyak samādhāyety arthaḥ |

do thou slay desire. It is difficult to conquer desire, on account of its complex and incomprehensible nature.

 jahy enaṃ śatruṃ he mahābāho! kāma-rūpaṃ durāsadaṃ duḥkhenāsada āsādanaṃ prāptir yasya taṃ durāsadaṃ durvijñeyāneka-viśeṣam iti ||3.43||

 

Rāmānuja


evaṃ buddher api paraṃ kāmaṃ jñānayogavirodhinaṃ vairiṇaṃ buddhvā ātmānaṃ manaḥ ātmanā buddhyā karmayoge ‚vasthāpya enaṃ kāmarūpaṃ durāsadaṃ śatruṃ jahi nāśayeti

 

Śrīdhara


upasaṃharati evam iti | buddher eva viṣayendriyādi-janyāḥ kāmādi-vikriyāḥ | ātmā tu nirvikāras tat-sākṣīty evaṃ buddheḥ paramātmānaṃ buddhvātmanaivaṃ tṛtayā niściyātmikayā buddhyātmānaṃ manaḥ saṃstabhya niścalaṃ kṛtvā kāma-rūpiṇaṃ śatruṃ jahi māraya | durāsadaṃ duḥkhenāsādanīyaṃ durvijñeyam ity arthaḥ

 

Madhusūdana


phalitam āha evam iti | raso ‚py asya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā nivartate ity atra yaḥ para-śabdenoktas tam evambhūtaṃ pūrṇam ātmānaṃ buddheḥ paraṃ buddhvā sākṣātkṛtya saṃstabhya sthirītkṛtyātmānaṃ mana ātmanaitādṛśa-niścayātmkiayā buddhyā jahi māraya śatruṃ sarva-puruṣārtha-śātanaṃ he mahābāho mahā-bāhor hi śatru-māraṇaṃ sukaram iti yogyaṃ sambodhanam | kāma-rūpaṃ tṛṣṇā-rūpaṃ durāsadaṃ duḥkhenāsādanīyaṃ durvijñeyāneka-viśeṣam iti yatnādhikyāya viśeṣaṇam

 

Viśvanātha


upasaṃharati evam iti | buddheḥ paraṃ jīvātmānaṃ buddhvā sarvopādhibhyaḥ pṛthak-bhūtaṃ jñātvā ātmanā svenaivāmānaṃ svaṃ saṃstabhya niścalaṃ kṛtvā durāsadaṃ durjayam api kāmaṃ jahi nāśaya

 

Baladeva


evam iti | evaṃ mad-upadeśa-vidhayā buddheś ca paraṃ dehādi-nikhila-jaḍa-varga-pravartakatvād viviktaṃ sukha-cid-ghanaṃ jīvātmānaṃ buddhvānubhūyety arthaḥ | ātmanā īdṛśa-niścayātmikayā buddhyātmānaṃ manaḥ saṃstabhya tādṛśy ātmani sthiraṃ kṛtvā kāma-rūpaṃ śatruṃ jahi nāśaya | durāsadaṃ durdharṣam api | mahā-bāho iti prāgvat

 
 


translations

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