BhG 11.31

ākhyāhi me ko bhavān ugra-rūpo namo stu te deva-vara prasīda
vijñātum icchāmi bhavantam ādyaṃ na hi prajānāmi tava pravṛttim

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syntax


ugra-rūpaḥ (terrible form) bhavān (You) kaḥ [iti] (who?)
[tvam tat] (you that) me (to me) ākhyāhi (you must speak).
te (to you) namaḥ (obeisance) astu (it must be).
he deva-vara (O best of gods!) [tvam] (you) prasīda (be satisfied).
[aham] (I) ādyam bhavantam (You, the original) vijñātum (to know) icchāmi (I desire),
hi (indeed) tava (your) pravṛttim (activity) na prajānāmi (I do not understand).

 

grammar

ākhyāhi ā-khyā (to speak) Imperat. P 2v.1you must speak;
me asmat sn. 4n.1to me (shortened form of: mahyam);
kaḥ kim sn. 1n.1 m.who?;
bhavān bhavant 1n.1 m.You (from: bhū – to be, bha-vant – honorific form of address, looks like PPr of: bhū, but differs in declension in: nominative singular; -mant / -vant – suffix denoting one who possesses);
ugra-rūpaḥ ugra-rūpa 1n.1 m.; BV: yasya rūpam ugram asti saḥwhose form is terrible (from: ugra powerful, terrible, cruel; rūp – to form, rūpa – shape, figure, beauty);
namaḥ namaḥ 1n.1 n.obeisance, salutation (from: nam – to bend, to bow);
astu as (to be) Imperat. P 1v.1it must be;
te yuṣmat sn. 4n.1to you (shortened form of: tubhyam);
deva-vara deva-vara 8n.1 m.; TP: devānāṁ varetiO best among gods (from: div – to shine, to play, deva – god, divinity; vṛ – to choose, to like, vara – chosen, the best, most excellent);
prasīda pra-sad (to settle down, to be pleased, to be successful) Imperat. P 2v.1be satisfied;
vijñātum vi-jñā (to distinguish, to know, to understand) inf.to understand;
icchāmi iṣ (to desire) Praes. P 3v.1I desire;
bhavantam bhavant 2n.1 m.You (from: bhū – to be, bha-vant – honorific form of address, looks like PPr of: bhū, but differs in declension in: nominative singular; -mant / -vant – suffix denoting one who possesses);
ādyam ādya 2n.1 m.first, main, excellent;
na av.not;
hi av.because, just, indeed, surely;
prajānāmi pra-jñā (to understand) Praes. P 3v.1I understand;
tava yuṣmat sn. 6n.1your;
pravṛttim pravṛtti 2n.1 f.activity (from: pra-vṛt – to start to act, to surpass);

 

textual variants


bhavān → bhagavān (the Lord);
te deva-vara → deveśa-vara (the best among lords of gods);
vijñātumvijñātam (understood);
hi → ca (and);
 
 



Śāṃkara


yataḥ evam ugra-svabhāvaḥ, ataḥ—
ākhyāhi kathaya me mahyaṃ ko bhavān ugra-rūpaḥ krūrākāraḥ | namo’stu te tubhyaṃ he deva-vara devānāṃ pradhāna, prasīda prasādaṃ kuru | vijñātuṃ viśeṣeṇa jñātum icchāmi bhavantam ādyam ādau bhavam ādyam, na hi yasmāt prajānāmi tava tvadīyāṃ pravṛttiṃ ceṣṭam
 

Rāmānuja


„darśayātmānam avyayam” iti tavāiśvaryaṃ niraṅkuśaṃ sākṣātkartuṃ prārthitena bhavatā niraṅkuśam aiśvaryaṃ darśayatā atighorarūpam idam āviṣkṛtam / atighorarūpaḥ ko bhavān, kiṃ kartuṃ pravṛtta iti bhavantaṃ jñātum icchāmi / tavābhipretāṃ pravṛttiṃ na jānāmi / etad ākhyāhi me / namo ‚stu te devavara! prasīda namas te ‚stu sarveśvara; evaṃ kartum, anenābhiprāyeṇedaṃ saṃhartṛrūpam āviṣkṛtam ity uktvā prasannarūpaś ca bhava
 

Śrīdhara


yata evaṃ tasmād ākhyāhīti | bhavān ugra-rūpaḥ kaḥ ? ity ākhyāhi ākhyāhi kathaya | te tubhyaṃ namo ‚stu | he deva-vara prasīda prasanno bhava | bhavantam ādyaṃ puruṣaṃ viśeṣeṇa jñātum icchāmi | yatas tava pravṛttim ceṣṭāṃ kim artham evaṃ pravṛtto ‚sīti na jānāmi | evaṃ bhūtasya tava pravṛttiṃ vārtām api na jānāmīti
 

Madhusūdana


yasmād evaṃ tasmād ākhyāhīti | evam ugra-rūpaḥ krūrākāraḥ ko bhavān ity ākhyāhi kathaya me mahyam atyantānugrāhyāya | ataeva namo ‚stu te tubhyaṃ sarva-gurave he deva-vara prasīda prasādaṃ kraurya-tyāgaṃ kuru | vijñātum viśeṣeṇa jñātum icchāmi bhavantam ādyaṃ sarva-kāraṇaṃ, na hi yasmāt tava sakhāpi san prajānāmi tava pravṛttim ceṣṭām
 

Viśvanātha


no commentary up to the verse BhG 11.35
 

Baladeva


evaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ vyañjita-kāla-śaktiṃ bhagavantam upavarṇya tat-tattva-vid apy arjunaḥ sva-jñāna-dārḍhyāya pṛcchati ākhyāhīti | darśayātmānam avyayam iti sahasra-śīrṣādi-lakṣaṇam aiśvaraṃ rūpaṃ darśayitum arthitena bhagavatā tad-rūpaṃ pradarśya tasya punar atighorā saṃhartṛtā pradarśyate | tatrogra-rūpo bhavān ka ity ākhyāhi kathaya | he deva-vara ! te namo ‚stu | prasīda tyajogra-rūpatām | ādyaṃ bhavantam ahaṃ viśeṣeṇa jñātum icchāmi | tava pravṛttiṃ ceṣṭāṃ ca na hi prajānāmi | kim artham evaṃ pravṛtto ‚sīti tat-prayojanaṃ cākhyāhīti
 
 



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