BhG 11.32
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
kālo ‘smi loka-kṣaya-kṛt pravṛddho lokān samāhartum iha pravṛttaḥ
ṛte ‘pi tvā na bhaviṣyanti sarve ye ‘vasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu yodhāḥ
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syntax
śrī-bhagavān (the glorious Lord) uvāca (he spoke):
[aham] (I) loka-kṣaya-kṛt (who does the destruction of the world) pravṛddhaḥ (mighty) kālaḥ (time) asmi (I am).
iha (here) [aham] (I) lokān (worlds) samāhartum (to withdraw) pravṛttaḥ (who starts) [asmi] (I am).
praty-anīkeṣu (in the opposed armies) ye yodhāḥ (those warriors who) avasthitāḥ (situated) sarve (all) tvām ṛte api (except for you) na bhaviṣyanti (they will not be).
grammar
| śrī-bhagavān | – | śrī-bhagavant 1n.1 m.; TP: śriyā yukto bhagavān iti – the Lord united with majesty (from: śrī – lustre, majesty, fortune; √bhaj – to share, to love, to rejoice, to worship, bhaga – a share, good fortune, opulence; -mant / -vant – suffix denoting one who possesses, bhagavant – who possesses opulence); |
| uvāca | – | √vac (to speak) Perf. P 1v.1 – he spoke; |
| kālaḥ | – | kāla 1n.1 m. – time; |
| asmi | – | √as (to be) Praes. P 3v.1 – I am; |
| loka-kṣaya-kṛt | – | loka-kṣaya-kṛt 1n.1 m.; yo lokānāṁ kṣayaṁ karoti saḥ – who does the destruction of the world (from: loka – world; √kṣi – to decrease, PF kṣaya – diminution, destruction; √kṛ – to do, -kṛt – suffix: a doer); |
| pravṛddhaḥ | – | pra-vṛddha (√vṛdh – to grow) PP 1n.1 m. – grown up, experienced, mighty; |
| lokān | – | loka 2n.3 m. – worlds; |
| samāhartum | – | sam-ā-√hṛ (to withdraw, to destroy) inf. – to withdraw, to destroy; |
| iha | – | av. – here (often meaning: in this world); |
| pravṛttaḥ | – | pra-vṛtta (pra-√vṛt – to start to act, to surpass) PP 1n.1 m.– advancing, proceding, engaged; |
| ṛte | – | av. – without, except; |
| api | – | av. – although, moreover, besides, even; |
| tvā | – | yuṣmat sn. 2n.1 – you (shortened form of: tvām); |
| na | – | av. – not; |
| bhaviṣyanti | – | √bhū (to be) Fut. P 1v.3 – they will be; |
| sarve | – | sarva sn. 1n.3 m. – all; |
| ye | – | yat sn. 1n.3 m. – those who; |
| avasthitāḥ | – | avasthita (ava-√sthā – to be present) PP 1n.3 m. – who are situated; |
| pratyanīkeṣu | – | praty-anīka 7n.3 n. – in the opposed armies (from: prati- – prepositon: against, opposed; anīka – splendour, row, army); |
| yodhāḥ | – | yodha 1n.3 m. – warriors (from: √yudh – to fight, caus. yodha – warrior, battle); |
textual variants
pravṛddho → pravṛddhān (mighty [worlds]);
iha → itaḥ (wherefore);
ṛte ‘pi tvā → ṛte tvad ete / ṛte ‘pi tvāṁ (except you these / although except you);
bhaviṣyanti → bhavaṁti (they [do not] exist);
Śāṃkara
kālo’smi loka-kṣaya-kṛt lokānāṃ kṣayaṃ karotīti loka-kṣaya-kṛt pravṛddho vṛddhiṃ gataḥ | yad-arthaṃ pravṛddhas tac chṛṇu—lokān samāhartuṃ saṃhartum ihāsmin kāle pravṛttaḥ | ṛte’pi vināpi tvā tvāṃ na bhaviṣyanti bhīṣma-droṇa-karṇa-prabhṛtayaḥ sarve, yebhyas tava āśaṅkā, ye’vasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu anīkam anīkaṃ prati pratyanīkeṣu pratipakṣa-bhūteṣu anīkeṣu yodhā yoddhāraḥ
Rāmānuja
āśritavātsalyātirekeṇa viśvāiśvaryaṃ darśayato bhavato ghorarūpāviṣkāre ko ‚bhiprāya iti pṛṣṭo bhagavān pārthasārathiḥ svābhiprāyam āha, pārthodyogena vināpi dhārtarāṣṭrapramukham aśeṣaṃ rājalokaṃ nihantum aham eva pravṛtta iti jñāpanāya mama ghorarūpāviṣkāraḥ, tajjñāpanaṃ ca pārtham udyojayitum iti /
kalayati gaṇayatīti kālaḥ; sarveṣāṃ dhārtarāṣṭrapramukhānāṃ rājalokānām āyuravasānaṃ gaṇayann ahaṃ tatkṣayakṛd ghorarūpeṇa pravṛddho rājalokān samāhartum ābhimukhyena saṃhartum iha pravṛtto ‚smi / ato matsaṃkalpād eva tvām ṛte ‚pi tvadudyogād rte ‚pi ete dhārtarāṣṭrapramukhās tava pratyanīkeṣu ye ‚vasthitā yodhāḥ, te sarve na bhaviṣyanti vinaṅkṣyanti
Śrīdhara
evam prārthitaḥ san bhagavān uvāca kāla iti tribhiḥ | lokānāṃ kṣaya-kartā pravṛddho ‚tyutkaṭaḥ kālo ‚smi | lokān prāṇinaḥ saṃhartum iha loke pravṛtto ‚smi | ata ṛte ‚pi tvāṃ hantāraṃ vināpi na bhaviṣyanti na jīviṣyanti | yadyapi tvayā na hantavyā ete tathāpi mayā kālātmanā grastāḥ santo mariṣyanty eva | ke te ? pratyanīkeṣu anīkāni anīkāni prati | bhīṣma-droṇādīnāṃ sarvāsu senāsu ye yodhāro ‚vasthitās te sarve ‚pi
Madhusūdana
evam arjunena prārthito yaḥ svayaṃ yad-arthā ca sva-pravṛttis tat sarvaṃ tribhir ślokaiḥ kālo ‚smīti | kālaḥ kriyā-śakty-upahitaḥ sarvasya saṃhartā parameśvaro ‚smi bhavāmīdānīṃ pravṛddho vṛddhiṃ gataḥ | yad-arthaṃ pravṛttas tac chṛṇu lokān samāhartum bhakṣayituṃ pravṛtto ‚ham ihāsmin kāle | mat-pravṛttiṃ vinā katham evaṃ syād iti cen nety āha | ṛte ‚pi tvā tvām arjunaṃ yoddhāraṃ vināpi tvad-vyāpāraṃ vināpi mad-vyāpāreṇaiva na bhaviṣyanti vinaṅkṣyanti sarve bhīṣma-droṇa-karṇa-prabhṛtayo yoddhum anarhatvena sambhāvitā anye ‚pi ye ‚vasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu pratipakṣa-sainyeṣu yodhā yodhāraḥ sarve ‚pi mayā hatatvād eva na bhaviṣyanti | tatra tava vyāpāro ‚kiṃcitkara ity arthaḥ
Baladeva
evam arthito bhagavān uvāca kālo ‚smīti | pravṛddho vyāpī |
yasya brahma ca kṣatraṃ ca ubhe bhavata odanaḥ |
mṛtyur yasyopasecanaṃ ka itthā veda yatra saḥ || [KaṭhU 1.2.25]
iti śrutyā yaḥ kīrtyate sa kālo ‚ham ity arthaḥ | iha samaye lokān duryodhanādīn samāhartuṃ grasituṃ pravṛttaṃ māṃ mat-pravṛtti-phalaṃ ca jānīhi | tvām api yudhiṣṭhirādīṃś ca ṛte sarve na bhaviṣyanti na jīviṣyanti | yad vā, nanu raṇān nivṛtte mayi teṣāṃ kathaṃ kṣayaḥ syād iti cet tatrāha ṛte ‚pīti | tvāṃ yodhāram ṛte tvad-yuddha-vyāpāraṃ vināpi sarve na bhaviṣyanti mariṣyanty eva kālātmanā mayā teṣāṃ āyur-haraṇāt | ke te sarve ity āha pratyanīkeṣu paramparayor ye bhīṣmādayo ‚vasthitāḥ | yuddhān nivṛttasya tava tu svadharma-cyutir eva bhaved iti
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