BhG 2.26
atha cainaṃ nitya-jātaṃ nityaṃ vā manyase mṛtam
tathāpi tvaṃ mahābāho nainaṃ śocitum arhasi
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syntax
he mahā-bāho (O mighty-armed one!),
atha ca (and moreover) enaṁ (this) nitya-jātam (always born) vā nityam (or always) mṛtam (dead) manyase (you think),
tathā api (even then) tvam (you) enam (this) śocitum (to lament) na arhasi (you should not).
grammar
| atha | – | av. – then, now, moreover, certainly, rather; |
| ca | – | av. – and; |
| enam | – | etat sn. 2n.1 m. – this; |
| nitya-jātam | – | nitya-jāta 2n.1 m. – always born (from: nitya – continual, eternal; √jan – to be born, jāta PP – born); |
| nityam | – | av. – constantly, eternally (from: nitya – continual, eternal); |
| vā | – | av. – or; |
| manyase | – | √man (to think) Praes. Ā 2v.1 – you think; |
| mṛtam | – | mṛta (√mṛ – to die) PP 2n.1 m. – dead; |
| tathā | – | av. – in that manner, so, in like manner; |
| api | – | av. – although, moreover, besides, even; |
| tvam | – | yuṣmat sn. 1n.1 – you; |
| mahā-bāho | – | mahā-bāhu 8n.1 m.; BV: yasya bāhū mahāntau staḥ saḥ – O you who have mighty arms (from: √mah – to magnify, mahant – great; √baṁh – to grow, to increase, bāhu – the arm); |
| na | – | av. – not; |
| enam | – | etat sn. 2n.1 m. – this; |
| śocitum | – | √śuc (to lament) inf. – to lament; |
| arhasi | – | √arh (to deserve, to be able to) Praes. P 2v.1 – you deserve; |
Śāṃkara
The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic
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Grating that the Self is not everlasting, the Lord proceeds: |
ātmano ’nityatvam abhyupagamya idam ucyate – | |
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But even if thou thinkest of Him as ever being born and ever dying, |
atha cainaṃ nityajātaṃ nityaṃ vā manyase mṛtam | tathāpi tvaṃ mahābāho naivaṃ śocitum arhasi ||2.26|| |
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Granting that the Self – of whom we are speaking – is, according to the popular view, again and again born whenever a body comes into existence, and again and again dead whenever the body dies, – |
atha ca iti abhyupagamārthaḥ | enaṃ prakṛtam ātmānaṃ nitya-jātaṃ loka-prasiddhyā praty aneka-śarīrotpatti jāto jāta iti manyase | tathā prati-tat-tad-vināśaṃ nityaṃ vā manyase mṛtaṃ mṛto mṛta iti | | |
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even if the Self were so, as you think, O mighty-armed, you ought not to grieve thus; for, death is inevitable to what is born; and birth is inevitable to what is dead. |
tathāpi tathābhāve ’py ātmani tvaṃ mahābāho, na evaṃ śocitum arhasi, janmavato nāśo nāśavato janma cety etāv avaśyaṃbhāvināv iti ||2.26|| |
Rāmānuja
atha nitya-jātaṃ nitya-mṛtaṃ deham evainam ātmānaṃ manuṣe, na dehātiriktam ukta-lakṣaṇaṃ tathāpy evam atimātraṃ śocituṃ nārhasi | pariṇāma-svabhāvasya dehasyotpatti-vināśayor avarjanīyatvāt
Śrīdhara
idānīṃ dehena saha ātmano janma tad-vināśena ca vināśam aṅgīkṛtyāpi śoko na kārya ity āha atha cainam ity ādi | atha ca yadyapy enam ātmānam nityajātaṃ nityaṃ vā manyase mṛtam tathāpi tvaṃ mahābāho naivaṃ śocitum arhasi
Madhusūdana
evam ātmano nirvikāratvenāśocyatvam uktam idānīṃ vikāravattvam abhyupetyāpi śloka-dvayenāśocyatvaṃ pratipādayati bhagavān | tatrātmā jñāna-svarūpaḥ pratikṣaṇa-vināśīti saugatāḥ | deha evātmā sa ca sthiro ‚py anukṣaṇa-pariṇāmī jāyate naśyati ceti pratyakṣa-siddham evaitad iti lokāyatikāḥ | dehātirikto ‚pi dehena sahaiva jāyate naśyati cety anye | sargādya-kāla evākāśavaj jāyate deha-bhede ‚py anuvartamāna evākalpa-sthāyī naśyati pralaya ity apare | nitya evātmā jāyate mriyate ceti tārkikāḥ | tathā hi – pretya-bhāvo janma | sa cāpūrva-dehendriyādi-sambandhaḥ | evaṃ maraṇam api pūrva-dehendriyādi-vicchedaḥ | idaṃ cobhayaṃ dharmādharma-nimittatvāt tad-ādhārasya nityasyaiva mukhyam | anityasya tu kṛta-hānya-kṛtābhyāgama-prasaṅgena dharmādharmādhāratvānupapatter na janma-maraṇe mukhye iti vadanti | ntiyasyām evety anye | tatrānityatva-pakṣe ‚pi śocyatvam ātmano niṣedhati atha cainam iti |
atheti pakṣāntare | co ‚py arthe | yadi durbodhatvād ātma-vastuno ‚sakṛc-chravaṇe ‚py avadhāraṇā-sāmarthyān mad-ukta-pakṣānaṅgīkāreṇa pakṣāntaram abhyupaiṣi | tatrāpy anityatva-pakṣam evāśritya yady enam ātmānaṃ nityaṃ jātaṃ nityaṃ mṛtaṃ vā manyase | vā-śabdaś cārthe | kṣaṇikatva-pakṣe nityaṃ pratikṣaṇaṃ pakṣāntare āvaśyakatvān nityaṃ niyataṃ jāto ‚yaṃ mṛto ‚yam iti laukika-pratyaya-vaśena yadi kalpayasi tathāpi he mahābāho ! puruṣa-dhaureyeti sopahāsaṃ kumatābhyupagamāt | tvayy etādṛśī kudṛṣṭir na sambhavatīti sānukampaṃ vā | evaṃ aha bata mahat pāpaṃ kartuṃ vyavasitā vayam [Gītā 1.45] ity ādi yathā śocasi evaṃ prakāram anuśokaṃ kartuṃ svayam api tvaṃ tādṛśa eva san nārhasi yogyo na bhavasi | kṣaṇikatva-pakṣe dehātma-vāda-pakṣe dehena saha janma-vināśa-pakṣe ca janmāntarābhāvena pāpa-bhayāsambhavāt pāpa-bhayenaiva khalu tvam anuśocasi | tac caitādṛśe darśane na sambhavati bandhu-vināśa-darśitvābhāvād ity adhikaṃ | pakṣāntare dṛṣṭa-duḥkha-nimittaṃ śokam abhyanujñātum evaṃ-kāraḥ | dṛṣṭa-duḥkha-nimitta-śoka-sambhave ‚py adṛṣṭa-duḥkha-nimittaḥ śokaḥ sarvathā nocita ity arthaḥ prathama-ślokasya
Viśvanātha
tad evaṃ śāstrīya-tattva-dṛṣṭyā tvām ahaṃ prabodhayan | vyāvahārahika-tattva-dṛṣṭyāpi prabodhayāmi avadhehīty āha atheti | nitya-jātaṃ dehe jāte saty enaṃ nityaṃ niyataṃ jātaṃ manyase | tathā deha eva mṛte mṛtaṃ nityaṃ niyataṃ manyase | mahā-bāho iti parākramavataḥ kṣatriyasya tava tad api yuddham avaśyakaṃ svadharmaḥ | yad uktaṃ –
kṣatriyāṇām ayaṃ dharmaḥ prajāpati-vinirmitaḥ |
bhrātāpi bhrātaraṃ hanyād yena ghorataras tataḥ || iti bhāvaḥ
Baladeva
evaṃ svoktasya jīvātmano ‚śocyatvam uktvā paroktasyāpi tasya tad ucyate para-mata-jñānāya | tad-abhijñaḥ khalu śiṣyas tad-avakarais tan nirasya vijayī san sva-mate sthairyam āsīt | tathā hi manuṣyatvādi-viśiṣṭe bhūmy-ādi-bhūta-catuṣṭaye tāmbūla-rāgavat mada-śaktivac ca caitanyam utpadyate | tādṛśas tac-catuṣṭaya-bhūto deha evātmā | sa ca sthiro ‚pi pratikṣaṇa-pariṇāmād utpatti-vināśa-yogīti loka-pratyakṣa-siddham iti lokāyatikā manyante | dehād bhinno vijñāna-svarūpo ‚py ātmā pratikṣaṇa-vināśīti vaibhāṣikādayo bauddhā vadanti | tad etad ubhaya-mate ‚py ātmanaḥ śocyatvaṃ pratiṣedhati | atheti pakṣāntare | co ‚py-arthe | tvaṃ cen mad-ukta-jīvātma-yāthātmyāvagāhanāsamartho lokāyatikādi-pakṣam ālambase, tatra dehātma-pakṣe enaṃ deha-lakṣaṇam ātmānaṃ nityaṃ vā mṛtaṃ manyase | vā-śabdaś cārthe | tathāpi tvam enaṃ aho bata mahat pāpaṃ ity ādi-vacanaiḥ śocituṃ nārhasi | pariṇāma-svabhāvasya tasya tasya cātmano janma-vināśayor anivāryatvāj janmāntarābhāvena pāpa-bhayāsambhavāc ca | he mahābāho iti sopahāsaṃ sambodhanaṃ kṣatriya-varyasya vaidikasya ca te nedṛśaṃ kumataṃ dhāryam iti bhāvaḥ
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