BhG 2.48

yoga-sthaḥ kuru karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā dhanaṃjaya
siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā samatvaṃ yoga ucyate

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analysis

syntax


he dhanaṁjaya (O winner of wealth!),
[tvam] (you) yoga-sthaḥ (who stays in yoga) saṅgaṁ (attachment) tyaktvā (after abandoning),
siddhy-asiddhyoḥ (in success and failure) samaḥ (equal) bhūtvā (being),
karmāṇi (activities) kuru (do).
[etat] (that) samatvaṁ (equal disposition) yogaḥ (yoga) ucyate (it is called).

 

grammar

yoga-sthaḥ – yoga-stha 1n.1 m. – yo yoge tiṣṭhati saḥ – who stays in yoga (from: √yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage, yoga – yoga, yoking, application, a means, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy; –√sthā – to stand, -stha – suffix: being in);
kuru – √kṛ (to do) Imperat P 2v.1 – do;
karmāṇi – karman 2n.3 n. – activities (from: √kṛ – to do);
saṅgam        – saṅga 2n.1m. – clinging, contact, relation, desire, attachment (from: sam-√gam – come together or √sañj – to attach, to stick, to embrace);
tyaktvā – √tyaj (to abandon, to give up) absol. – after abandoning;
dhanaṁjaya – dhanaṁ-jaya 8n.1 m. – O winner of wealth, O Dhanaṁjaya (yo dhanaṁ jayati saḥ – one who wins wealth; dhana – booty, prey, riches; √ji – to conquer, jaya – victory);
siddhy-asiddhyoḥ – siddhy-asiddhi 7n.2 f.; DV: siddhyāṁ ca asiddhyāṁ ca iti – in success and failure (from: √sidh – to succeed, to become perfect, siddhi – success, perfection);
samaḥ – sama sn. 1n.1 m. – the same, equal, equivalent;
bhūtvā – √bhū (to be) absol. – after becoming;
samatvam – samatva abst. 1n.1 n. – equality, tranquility (sama – the same, equal, equivalent);
yogaḥ – yoga 1n.1 m. – yoga, yoking, application, a means, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy (from:√yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage);
ucyate – √vac (to speak) Praes. pass. 1v.1 – it is said;

 

textual variants


samatvaṁ → samarthaṁ (suitability, capability);

… → verse, not found in critical edition, after verse 2.48:
yasya sarve samārambhā nirāśīr-bandhanās tv iha
tyāge yasya hutaṁ sarvaṁ sa tyāgī sa ca buddhimān
But whose all undertakings in this world are devoid of desires and bonds,
whose every oblation [is offered] in austerity, that one is an ascetic and a wise man.

 
 


commentaries

Śāṃkara

The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic

If a man should not perform works urged by a desire for their results, how then are they to be performed? The reply follows:

 yadi karma-phala-prayuktena na kartavyaṃ karma, kathaṃ tarhi kartavyam iti | ucyate –

Steadfast in devotion do thy works, O Dhanaṁjaya,
casting off attachment, being the same in success and failure.
Evenness is called Yoga.

 yogasthaḥ kuru karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā dhanaṃjaya |
siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā samatvaṃ yoga ucyate ||2.48||

Steadfast in devotion (Yoga) perform works merely for God’s sake, casting off even such attachment as this, „May God be pleased,”

 yoga-sthaḥ san kuru karmāṇi kevalam īśvarārtham | tatrāpīśvaro me tuṣyatu iti saṅgaṃ tyaktvā dhanaṃjaya |

and being equanimous in success and failure. Success (siddhi) consists in the attainment of knowledge (jñāna) as the result of mind (Sattva) attaining purity when works are done by one without longing for their fruits; and failure results from the opposite course.

 phala-tṛṣṇā-śūnyena kriyamāṇe karmaṇi sattva-śuddhijā jñāna-prāpti-lakṣaṇā siddhiḥ, tad-viparyayajā asiddhiḥ, tayoḥ siddhy-asiddhyor api samaḥ tulyo bhūtvā kuru karmāṇi |

What is that devotion (Yoga) to which Arjuna has been exhorted to resort in performing works? The reply is this: – Evenness of mind in success and failure is called devotion (Yoga).

 ko ’sau yogo yatra-sthaḥ kuru ity uktaṃ idam eva tat – siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samatvaṃ yoga ucyate ||2.48||

 

Rāmānuja

etad eva spaṣṭīkaroti—yogasthaḥ iti | rājya-bandhu-prabhṛtiṣu saṅgaṃ tyaktvā yuddhādīni karmāṇi yogasthaḥ kuru | tad-antarbhūta-vijayādi-siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā kuru | tad idaṃ siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samatvam, yogastha ity atra yoga-śabdenocyate | yogaḥ siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samatva-rūpaṃ citta-samādhānam

 

Śrīdhara

kiṃ tarhi ? yoga-stha iti | yogaḥ parameśvaraikaparatā | tatra sthitaḥ karmāṇi kuru | tathā saṅgaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ tyaktvā kevalam īśvarāśrayeṇaiva kuru | tat-phalasya jñānasyāpi siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā kevalam īśvarāśrayeṇaiva kuru | yata evaṃbhūtaṃ samatvam eva yoga ucyate sadbhiḥ citta-samādhāna-rūpatvāt

 

Madhusūdana

pūrvoktam eva vivṛṇoti yoga-stha iti | he dhanañjaya tvaṃ yogasthaḥ san saṅgaṃ phalābhilāṣaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ ca tyaktvā karmāṇi kuru | atra bahu-vacanāt karmaṇy evādhikāras ta ity atra jātāv eka-vacanam | saṅga-tyāgopāyam āha siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā phala-siddhau harṣaṃ phalāsiddhau ca viṣādaṃ tyaktvā kevalam īśvarārādhana-buddhyā karmāṇi kurv iti |
nanu yoga-śabdena prāk-karmoktam | atra tu yoga-sthaḥ karmāṇi kurv ity ucyate | ataḥ katham etad boddhyṃ śakyam ity ata āha samatvaṃ yoga ucyate | yad etat siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samatvam idam eva yoga-stha ity atra yoga-śabdenocyate na tu karmeti na ko ‚pi virodha ity arthaḥ | atra pūrvārdhasyottarārdhena vyākhyānaṃ kriyata ity apaunaruktyam iti bhāṣyakārīyaḥ panthāḥ | sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā ity atra jayājaya-sāmyena yuddha-mātra-kartavyatā prakṛtatvād uktā | iha tu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-sarva-phala-parityāgena sarva-karma-kartavyateti viśeṣaḥ

 

Viśvanātha

niṣkāma-karmaṇaḥ prakāraṃ śikṣayati yoga-stha iti | tena jayājayayos tulya-buddhiḥ san saṅgrāmam eva sva-dharmaṃ kurv iti bhāvaḥ | ayaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yoga eva jñāna-yogatvena pariṇamatīti | jñāna-yogo ‚py evaṃ pūrvottara-granthārtha-tātparyato jñeyaḥ

 

Baladeva

pūrvoktaṃ viśadayati yoga-stha iti | tvaṃ saṅgaṃ phalābhilāṣaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ ca tyaktvā yogasthaḥ san karmāṇi kuru yuddhādīni | ādyena māyā-nimajjanam eva | dvitīyena tu svātantrya-lakṣaṇa-pareśa-dharma-cauryam | tena tan-māyā-vyākopaḥ | atas tayoḥ parityāga iti bhāvaḥ | yogastha-padaṃ vivṛṇoti — siddhy-asiddhyor iti | tad-anuṣaṅga-phalānāṃ jayādīnāṃ siddhāv asiddhau ca samo bhūtvā rāga-dveṣa-rahitaḥ san kuru | idam eva samatvaṃ mayā yoga-stha ity atra yoga-śabdenoktaṃ citta-samādhi-rūpatvāt

 
 


translations

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