BhG 18.12

aniṣṭam iṣṭaṃ miśraṃ ca tri-vidhaṃ karmaṇaḥ phalam
bhavaty atyāgināṃ pretya na tu saṃnyāsināṃ kva-cit

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syntax


atyāginām (of those not abandoning) pretya (after death) aniṣṭam (undesired) iṣṭam (desired) miśram ca (and mixed) tri-vidham (threefold) karmaṇaḥ phalam (the fruit of activity) bhavati (there is).
sannyāsinām tu (but of renunciants) kvacit (anywhere) [tat] na [bhavati] (that there is not).

 

grammar

aniṣṭam an-iṣṭa (iṣ – to desire) PP 1n.1 n.undesired, unworshipped;
iṣṭam iṣṭa (iṣ – to desire) PP 1n.1 n.desired, worshipped;
miśram miśra 1n.1 n.mixed (from: miśr – to mix);
ca av.and;
tri-vidham tri-vidha 1n.1 n.threefold, of three parts (from: tri – three; vi-dhā – to divide, vidhā – division, part);
karmaṇaḥ karman 6n.1 n.of activity (from: kṛ – to do);
phalam phala 1n.1 n.fruit, result (from: phal – to ripen);
bhavati bhū (to be) Praes. P 1v.1there is;
atyāginām a-tyāgin 6n.3 m. of those who do not abandon, of non-ascetics (from: tyaj – to abandon, to give up, tyāga – leaving, abandonment; -in, -min, -vin – sufixes meaning one who possesses);
pretya pra-i (to go away, to die) absol.having died, after death, in the next world (opposite to: iha – here);
na av.not;
tu av.but, then, or, and;
saṁnyāsinām saṁnyāsin 6n.3 m. of the renunciants (from: sam-ni-as – to lay aside, to renounce, to give up, saṁnyāsa laying aside, resignation, renunciation, -in, -min, -vin – sufixes meaning one who possesses);
kva-cit av.anywhere (from: kva – where? in what place?; -cit – indefinitive particle);

 

textual variants


iṣṭaṁ miśraṁ iṣṭa-miśraṁ (desired and mixed);
bhavaty atyāgināṁ → bhavaṁti atyāgināṁ / bhavaty asaṁgināṁ (there are of non-ascetics / there is of non-attached);
 
 



Śāṃkara


kiṃ punas tat prayojanam, yat sarva-karma-saṃnyāsāt syāt ? ity ucyate—
aniṣṭaṃ naraka-tiryag-ādi-lakṣaṇam | iṣṭaṃ devādi-lakṣaṇam | miśram iṣṭāniṣṭa-saṃyuktaṃ manuṣya-lakṣaṇaṃ ca | tat tri-vidhaṃ tri-prakāraṃ karmaṇaḥ dharmādharma-lakṣaṇasya phalaṃ bāhyāneka-kāraka-vyāpāra-niṣpannaṃ sad avidyā-kṛtam indrajāla-māyopamaṃ mahā-moha-karaṃ pratyag-ātmopasarpīha—phalgutayā layam adarśanaṃ gacchatīti phala-nirvacanaṃ—tad etad evaṃ-lakṣaṇaṃ phalaṃ bhavaty atyāginām ajñānāṃ karmiṇām aparamārtha-saṃnyāsināṃ pretya śarīra-pātād ūrdhvam | na tu saṃnyāsināṃ paramārtha-saṃnyāsināṃ paramahaṃsa-parivrājakānāṃ kevala-jñāna-niṣṭhānāṃ kvacit | na hi kevala-samyag-darśana-niṣṭhā avidyādi-saṃsāra-bījaṃ nonmūlayati kadācid ity arthaḥ
 

Rāmānuja


nanu karmāṇy agnihotradarśapūrṇamāsajyotiṣṭomādīni, mahāyajñādīni ca svargādiphalasaṃbandhitayā śāstrair vidhīyante; nityanaimittikānām api „prājāpatyaṃ gṛhasthānām” ityādiphalasaṃbandhitayaiva hi codanā / ataḥ tattatphalasādhanasvabhāvatayāvagatānāṃ karmaṇām anuṣṭhāne, bījāvāpādīnām iva, anabhisaṃhitaphalasyāpi iṣṭāniṣṭarūpaphalasaṃbandhaḥ avarjanīyaḥ / ato mokṣavirodhiphalatvena mumukṣuṇā na karmānuṣṭheyam ity ata uttaram āha
aniṣṭam narakādiphalam, iṣṭam svargādi, miśram aniṣṭasaṃbhinnaṃ putrapaśvannādyādi; etat trividhaṃ karmaṇaḥ phalam, atyāginām kartṛtvamamatāphalatyāgarahitānāṃ pretya bhavati / pretya karmānuṣṭhānottarakālam ityarthaḥ / na tu saṃnyāsināṃ kvacit na tu kartṛtvādiparityāgināṃ kvacid api mokṣavirodhi phalaṃ bhavati / etad uktaṃ bhavati yady apy agnihotramahāyajñādīni tāny eva, tathāpi jīvanādhikārakāmādhikārayor iva mokṣādhikāre ca viniyogapṛthaktvena parihriyate / mokṣaviniyogaś ca, „tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena” ityādibhir iti / tad evaṃ kriyamāṇeṣv eva karmasu
kartṛtvādiparityāgaḥ śāstrasiddhiḥ saṃnyāsaḥ; sa eva ca tyāga ity uktaḥ
 

Śrīdhara


evambhūtasya karma-phala-tyāgasya phalam āha aniṣṭam iti | aniṣṭam nārakitvam | iṣṭaṃ devatvam | miśraṃ manuṣyatvam | evaṃ trividhaṃ pāpasya puṇyasya cobhaya-miśrasya ca karmaṇo yat phalaṃ prasiddham | tat sarvam atyāgināṃ sakāmānām eva pretya paratra bhavati | teṣāṃ trividha-karma-sambhavāt | na tu sannyāsināṃ kvacid api bhavati | sannyāsi-śabdenātra phala-tyāga-sāmyāt prakṛtāḥ karma-phala-tyāgino ‚pi gṛhyante | anāśritaḥ karma-phalaṃ kāryaṃ karma karoti yaḥ | sa sannyāsī ca yogī cety evam ādau ca karma-phala-tyāgiṣu sannyāsi-śabda-yoga-darśanāt | teṣāṃ sāttvikānāṃ pāpāsambhavād īśvarārpaṇena ca puṇya-phalasya tyaktatvāt trividham api karma-phalaṃ na bhavatīty arthaḥ
 

Viśvanātha


evambhūta-tyāgābhāve doṣam āha – aniṣṭaṃ naraka-duḥkhaṃ iṣṭaṃ svarga-sukhaṃ miśraṃ manuṣya-janmani sukha-duḥkham atyāgināṃ evambhūta-tyāga-rahitānām eva bhavati pretya paraloke
 

Baladeva


īdṛśa-tyāgābhāve doṣam āha aniṣṭam iti | aniṣṭaṃ nārakitvam | iṣṭaṃ svargitvaṃ miśraṃ manuṣyatvam | duḥkha-sukha-yogīti trividhaṃ karma-phalam | atyāginām ukta-tyāga-rahitānāṃ pretya para-kāle bhavati | na tu sannyāsinām ukta-tyāgavatām | teṣāṃ tu karmāntargatena jñānena mokṣo bhavatīti tyāga-phalam uktam
 
 



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