BhG 13.5-6

mahā-bhūtāny ahaṃ-kāro buddhir avyaktam eva ca
indriyāṇi daśaikaṃ ca pañca cendriya-gocarāḥ
icchā dveṣaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ saṃghātaś cetanā dhṛtiḥ
etat kṣetraṃ samāsena sa-vikāram udāhṛtam

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syntax


mahā-bhūtāni (gross elements) ahaṅkāraḥ (egotism) buddhiḥ (intelligence) avyaktam eva ca (and just unmanifested) daśa (ten) ekam ca (and one) indriyāṇi (of the senses) pañca indriya-gocarāḥ (five fields of activities for the senses) icchā dveṣaḥ (desire and hatred) sukham duḥkham (happiness and distress) saṅghātaḥ (an aggregate of matter) cetanā (consciousness) dhṛtiḥ (firmness)
etat (this) samāsena (in summary) sa-vikāram kṣetram (the field with transformation) udāhṛtam (declared) [asti] (it is).

 

grammar

mahā-bhūtāni mahā-bhūta 1n.3 n.; mahanti bhūtānītigross elements (from: mah – to magnify, mahant – great; bhū – to be, PP bhūta – been, real, world; kṣity-ap-tejo-marud-vyomākhyāni pañca – five [great elements] called: earth, water, fire, wind, space);
ahaṁ-kāraḥ ahaṁ-kāra 1n.1 m. ego, egotism, pride (from: aham – I; kṛ – to do, kāra – a doer);
buddhiḥ buddhi 1n.1 f.intelligence, thought, understanding, knowledge, idea, opinion (from: budh – to wake, to perceive, to understand);
avyaktam a-vyakta (vi-añj – to decorate, to make visible) PP 1n.1 m.unnmanifested, invisible;
eva av.certainly, just, merely;
ca av.and;
indriyāṇi indriya 1n.3 n.the senses (from: ind – to be powerful; cakṣuḥ-karṇa-nāsikā-tvag-jihvā-vāk-pāṇi-pāda-pāyūpasthākhyāni – [the senses] called: eye, ear, nose, skin, tongue; speech, hand, foot, anus, genitals);
daśa daśa 1n.3 n.ten;
ekam eka sn. 1n.1 n.one;
ca av.and;
pañca pañca 1n.3 n.five;
ca av.and;
indriya-gocarāḥ indriya-gocara 1n.3 m.; TP: indriyāṇāṁ gocarā itifields of activities for the senses (from: ind – to be powerful, indriya – the senses; go – cow, earth, an organ of sense; car –to move, to go, cara – moving, living; go-cara – pasture ground, field for action; śabda-sparśa-rūpa-rasa-gandhākhyāḥ pañca indriya-viṣayāḥ – five objects of the senses called: sound, touch, form, taste, smell);

*****

icchā icchā 1n.1 f.desire (from: iṣ – to desire);
dveṣaḥ dveṣa 1n.1 m. hatred, enmity (from: dviṣ – to hate);
sukham sukha 1n.1 n.pleasure, comfort (from: su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous; kha – cavity, hole, nave; su-kha – joy, happiness, literally: good hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving smooth;
or from: su-sthā; opposite to: duḥkha – pain, difficulty);
duḥkham duḥkha 1n.1 n.distress (from: dur / dus – prefix: difficult, bad, hard; kha – cavity, hole, nave; duḥ-kha – pain, difficulty; literally: bad hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving not smooth; or from: duḥ-sthā; opposite to: sukha – joy, happiness);
saṁghātaḥ saṁghāta (sam-han – to strike, to dash together) PP 1n.1 m.dashing together, combat, cluster, mass, body;
cetanā cetanā 1n.1 f.consciousness, understanding, intellect (from: cit – to perceive, to think, cetas – mind, thought, heart, consciousness);
dhṛtiḥ dhṛti 1n.1 f.firmness, determination (dhṛ – to hold, PP dhṛta – held);
etat etat sn. 1n.1 n.this;
kṣetram kṣetra 1n.1 n.field (from: kṣi – to possess);
samāsena av.in summary (from: sam-ās – to sit together, to join, samāsa – compound);
sa-vikāram sa-vikāra 1n.1 n.; BV: yad vikārena sahāsti tatthat which is with transformation (from: sa – together with, in common, short form of: saha or sama; vi-kṛ to transform, vikāra – change, transformation);
udāhṛtam ud-ā-hṛta (ud-ā-hṛ – to set up, to declare), PP 1n.1 n.set up, declared;

 

textual variants


cendriya-gocarāḥ → kheṁdriya-gocarāḥ (hollows and fields of the senses);
icchā dveṣaḥ → icchā-dveṣāḥ / icchā dveṣaṁ (desires and enmities / desire, hatred);
sukhaṁ duḥkhaṁ → sukhaṁ caiva (and happiness indeed);
cetanā dhṛtiḥ → cetanādhṛtiḥ;
 
 



Śāṃkara


stutyābhimukhībhūtāyārjunāyāha bhagavān—
mahā-bhūtāni mahānti ca tāni sarva-vikāra-vyāpakatvād bhūtāni ca sūkṣmāṇi | sthūlāni tv indriya-gocara-śabdenābhidhāyiṣyante | ahaṃkāro mahā-bhūta-kāraṇam ahaṃ-pratyaya-lakṣaṇaḥ | ahaṃkāra-kāraṇaṃ buddhir adhyavasāya-lakṣaṇā | tat-kāraṇam avyaktam eva ca, na vyaktam avyaktam avyākṛtam īśvara-śaktir mama māyā duratyayā ity uktam | eva-śabdaḥ prakṛty-avadhāraṇārtha etāvaty evāṣṭadhā bhinnā prakṛtiḥ | ca-śabdo bheda-samuccayārthaḥ | indriyāṇi daśa, śrotrādīni pañca buddhy-utpādakatvād buddhīndriyāṇi | vāk-pāṇy-ādīni pañca karma-nirvartakatvāt karmendriyāṇi | tāni daśa | ekaṃ ca | kiṃ tat ? mana ekādaśaṃ saṃkalpādyātmakam | pañca cendriya-gocarāḥ śabdādayo viṣayāḥ | tāny etāni sāṃkhyāś catur-viṃśati-tattvāny ācakṣate |
athedānīm ātma-guṇāḥ iti yān ācakṣate vaiśeṣikās te’pi kṣetra-dharmā eva, na tu kṣetrajñasyety āha bhagavān—
icchā yaj-jātīyaṃ sukha-hetum artham upalabdhavān pūrvam, punas taj-jātīyam upalabhamānas tam ādātum icchati sukha-hetur iti | seyam icchāntaḥ-karaṇa-dharmo jñeyatvāt kṣetram | tathā dveṣaḥ, yaj-jātīyam arthaṃ duḥkha-hetutvenānubhūtavān, punas taj-jātīyam artham upalabhamānas taṃ dveṣṭi | so’yaṃ dveṣo jñeyatvāt kṣetram eva | tathā sukham anukūlaṃ prasanna-sattvātmakaṃ jñeyatvāt kṣetram eva | duḥkhaṃ pratikūlātmakam | jñeyatvāt tad api kṣetram | saṃghāto dehendriyāṇāṃ saṃhatiḥ | tasyām abhivyaktāntaḥkaraṇa-vṛttiḥ, tapta iva loha-piṇḍe’gniḥ | ātma-caitanyābhāsa-rasa-viddhā cetanā | sā ca kṣetraṃ jñeyatvāt | dhṛtir yayāvasāda-prāptāni dehendriyāṇi dhriyante | sā ca jñeyatvāt kṣetram | sarvāntaḥ-karaṇa-dharmopalakṣaṇārtham icchādi-grahaṇam | yata uktam upasaṃharati—etad iti | etat kṣetraṃ samāsena sa-vikāraṃ saha vikāreṇa mahad-ādinā udāhṛtam uktam
 

Rāmānuja


mahābhūtāny ahaṃkāro buddhir avyaktam eva ceti kṣetrārambhakadravyāṇi; pṛthivyaptejovāyvākāśāḥ mahābhūtāni, ahaṃkāro bhūtādiḥ, buddhiḥ mahān, avyaktaṃ prakṛtiḥ; indriyāṇi daśaikaṃ ca pañca cendriyagocarā iti kṣetrāśritāni tattvāni; śrotratvakcakṣurjihvāghrāṇāni pañca jñānendriyāṇi, vākpāṇipādapāyūpasthāni pañca karmendriyāṇīti tāni daśa, ekam iti manaḥ; indriyagocarāś ca pañca śabdasparśarūparasagandhāḥ; icchā dveṣas sukhaṃ duḥkham iti kṣetrakāryāṇi kṣetravikārā ucyante; yady apīcchādveṣasukhaduḥkhāny ātmadharmabhūtāni, tathāpy ātmanaḥ kṣetrasaṃbandhaprayuktānīti kṣetrakāryatayā kṣetravikārā ucyante / teṣāṃ puruṣadharmatvam, „puruṣas sukhaduḥkhānāṃ bhoktṛtve hetur ucyate” iti vakṣyate; saṃghātaś cetanādhṛtiḥ / ādhṛtiḥ ādhāraḥ sukhaduḥkhe bhuñjānasya bhogāpavargau sādhayataś ca cetanasyādhāratayotpanno bhūtasaṃghātaḥ / prakṛtyādipṛthivyantadravyārabdham indriyāśrayabhūtam icchādveṣasukhaduḥkhavikāri bhūtasaṃghātarūpaṃ cetanasukhaduḥkhopabhogādhāratvaprayojanaṃ kṣetram ity uktaṃ bhavati; etat kṣetraṃ samāsena saṃkṣepeṇa sakivāraṃ sakāryam udāhṛtam
 

Śrīdhara


tatra kṣetra-svarūpam āha mahābhūtānīti dvābhyām | mahā-bhūtāni bhūmy-ādīni pañca | ahaṅkāras tat-kāraṇa-bhūtaḥ | buddhir vijñānātmakaṃ mahat-tattvam | avyaktaṃ mūla-prakṛtiḥ | indriyāṇi daśa bāhyāni jñāna-karmendriyāṇi | ekaṃ ca manaḥ | indriya-goccarāś ca pañca tan-mātra-rūpā eva śabdādaya ākāśādi-viśeṣa-guṇatayā vyaktāḥ santa indriya-viṣayāḥ pañca tad evaṃ caturviṃśati-tattvāni uktāni |
iccheti | icchādayaḥ prasiddhāḥ | saṅghātaḥ śarīram | cetanā jñānātmikā mano-vṛttiḥ | dhṛtir dhairyam | ete ceddhādayo dṛśyatvān nātma-dharmāḥ, api tu mano-dharmā eva | ataḥ kṣetrāntaḥpātina eva | upalakṣaṇaṃ caitat saṅkalpādīnām | tathā ca śrutiḥ — kāmaḥ saṅkalpo vicikitsā śraddhāśraddhā dhṛtir adhṛtir hrīr dhīr bhīr ity etat sarvaṃ mana eva [BAU 1.5.3] iti | anena ca yādṛg iti pratijñātāḥ kṣetra-dharmā darśitāḥ | etat kṣetraṃ savikāram indriyādi-vikāra-sahitaṃ saṅkṣepeṇa tubhyaṃ mayoktam iti kṣetropasaṃhāraḥ
 

Madhusūdana


evaṃ prarocitāyārjunāya kṣetra-svarūpaṃ tāvad āha dvābhyām | mahānti bhūtāni bhūmy-ādīni pañca | ahaṅkāras tat-kāraṇa-bhūto ‚bhimāna-lakṣaṇaḥ | buddhir ahaṅkāra-kāraṇaṃ mahat-tattvam adhyavasāya-lakṣaṇam | avyaktaṃ tat-kāraṇaṃ sattva-rajas-tamo-guṇātmakaṃ pradhānaṃ sarva-kāraṇaṃ na kasyāpi kāryam | eva-kāraḥ prakṛty-avadhāraṇārthaḥ | etāvaty evāṣṭadhā prakṛtiḥ | ca-śabdo bheda-samuccayārthaḥ | tad evaṃ sāṅkhya-matena vyākhyātam | aupaniṣadānāṃ tu avyaktam avyākṛtam anirvacanīyaṃ māyākhyā pārameśvarī śaktiḥ | mama māyā duratyayā ity uktam | buddhiḥ sargādau tad-viṣayam īkṣaṇam | ahaṅkāra īkṣaṇānantaram ahaṃ bahu syām iti saṅkalpaḥ | tata ākāśādi-krameṇa pañca-bhūtotpattir iti | na hy avyakta-mahad-ahaṅkārāḥ sāṅkhya-siddhā aupaniṣadair upagamyante ‚śabdatvādi-hetubhir iti sthitam | māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyān māyinaṃ tu maheśvaram [ŚvetU 4.10] te dhyāna-yogānugatā apaśyan devātma-śaktiṃ sva-guṇair nigūḍhām [ŚvetU 1.3] iti śruti-pratipāditam avyaktam | tad aikṣata itīkṣaṇa-rūpā buddhiḥ | bahu syāṃ prajāyeya [ChāU 6.2.3] iti bahu-bhavana-saṅkalpa-rūpo ‚haṅkāraḥ | tasmād vā etasmād ātmana ākāśaḥ sambhūtaḥ | ākāśād vāyuḥ | vāyor agniḥ | agner āpaḥ | adbhyaḥ pṛthivī [TaittU 1.1] iti pañca bhūtāni śrautāni | ayam eva pakṣaḥ sādhīyān |
indriyāṇi daśaikaṃ ca śrotra-tvak-cakṣū-rasana-ghrāṇākhyāni pañca buddhīndriyāṇi vāk-pāṇi-pāda-pāyūpasthākhyāni pañca karmendriyāṇīti tāni | ekaṃ ca manaḥ saṅkalpa-vikalpātmakam | pañca cendriya-goccarāḥ śabda-sparśa-rūpa-rasa-gandhās te buddhīndriyāṇāṃ jñāpyatvena viṣayāḥ karmendriyāṇāṃ tu kāryatvena | tāny etāni sāṅkhyāś caturviṃśati-tattvāny ācakṣante |
icchā sukhe tat-sādhane cedaṃ me bhūyād iti spṛhātmā citta-vṛttiḥ kāma iti rāga iti cocyate | dveṣo duḥkhe tat-sādhane cedaṃ me mā bhūd iti spṛhā-virodhinī citta-vṛttiḥ krodha itīrṣyeti cocyate | sukhaṃ nirupādhīcchā-viṣayībhūtā dharmāsādhāraṇa-kāraṇikā citta-vṛttiḥ paramātma-sukha-vyañjikā | duḥkhaṃ nirupādhi-dveṣa-viṣayībhūtā citta-vṛttir adharmāsādhāraṇa-kāraṇikā | saṃghātaḥ pañca-mahā-bhūta-pariṇāmaḥ sendriyaṃ śarīram | cetanā svarūpa-jñāna-vyañjikā pramāṇa-sādhāraṇa-kāraṇikā citta-vṛttir jñānākhyā | dhṛtir avasannānāṃ dehendriyāṇām avaṣṭambha-hetuḥ prayatnaḥ | upalakṣaṇam etad icchādi-grahaṇam sarvāntaḥ-karaṇa-dharmāṇām | tathā ca śrutiḥ – kāmaḥ saṅkalpo vicikitsā śraddhā dhṛtir hrīr dhīr bhīr ity etat sarvaṃ mana eva [BAU 1.5.3] iti mṛd-ghaṭa itivad upādānābhedena kāryāṇāṃ kāmādīnāṃ mano-dharmatvam āha | etat paridṛśyamānaṃ sarvaṃ mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antaṃ jaḍaṃ kṣetrajñena sākṣiṇāvabhāsyamānatvāt tad-anātmakaṃ kṣetraṃ bhāsyam acetanaṃ samāsenodāhṛtam uktam |
nanu śarīrendriya-saṃghāta eva cetanaḥ kṣetrajña iti lokāyatikāḥ | cetanā kṣaṇikaṃ jñānam evātmeti sugatāḥ | icchā-dveṣa-prayatna-sukha-duḥkha-jñānāny ātmano liṅgam iti naiyāyikāḥ | tat kathaṃ kṣetram evaitat sarvam iti ? tatrāha sa-vikāram iti | vikāro janmādir nāśāntaḥ pariṇāmo nairuktaiḥ paṭhitaḥ | tat-sahitaṃ sa-vikāram idaṃ mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antam ato na vikāra-sākṣi svotpatti-vināśayoḥ svena draṣṭum aśakyatvāt | anyeṣām api sva-dharmāṇāṃ sva-darśanam antareṇa darśanānupapatteḥ svenaiva sva-darśane ca kartṛ-karma-virodhān nirvikāra eva sarva-vikāra-sākṣī | tad uktaṃ –
na rte syād vikriyāṃ duḥkhī sākṣitā kā vikāriṇaḥ |
dhī-vikriyā-sahasrāṇāṃ sākṣyato ‚ham avikriyaḥ || iti |
tena vikāritvam eva kṣetra-cihnaṃ na tu parigaṇanam ity arthaḥ
 

Viśvanātha


tatra kṣetrasya svarūpam āha mahābhūtāny ākāśādīny ahaṅkāras tat-kāraṇam | buddhir vijñānātmakaṃ mahat-tattva, ahaṅkāra-kāraṇam | avyaktaṃ prakṛtir mahat-tattva-kāraṇam | indriyāṇi śrotrādīni daśaikaṃ ca manaḥ | indriya-gocarāḥ pañca śabdādayo viṣayās tad evaṃ caturviṃśati-tattvātmakam iti | icchādayaḥ prasiddhāḥ | saṅghātaḥ pañca-mahābhūta-pariṇāmo dehaḥ | cetanā jñānātmikā mano-vṛttir dhṛtir dhairyam icchādayaś caite mano-dharmā eva na tv ātma-dharmāḥ | ataḥ kṣetrāntaḥpātina eva | upalakṣaṇaṃ caitat saṅkalpādīnām | tathā ca śrutiḥ — kāmaḥ saṅkalpo vicikitsā śraddhā dhṛtir hrīr dhīr bhīr ity etat sarvaṃ mana eva [BAU 1.5.3] iti | anena yādṛg iti pratijñātāḥ kṣetra-dharmā darśitāḥ | etat kṣetraṃ sa-vikāraṃ janmādi-ṣaḍ-vikāra-sahitam
 

Baladeva


tat kṣetraṃ yac ca ity ādyārdhakena vaktuṃ pratijñātaṃ kṣetra-svarūpam āha — mahābhūtānīti dvābhyām | mahābhūtāni pañca khādīny ahaṅkāras tad-dhetus tāmaso bhūtādi-saṃjño buddhis tad-dheutr jñāna-pradhāno mahān avyaktaṃ tad-dhetuḥ | triguṇāvasthaṃ pradhānam indriyāṇi śrotrādīni pañca vāg-ādīni ca pañceti bhūtādi-khādy-antarālikāḥ sūkṣmāḥ śabdādi-tanmātrāḥ khādi-viśeṣa-guṇatayā vyaktāḥ santaḥ sthūlāḥ śrotrādi-pañcaka-grāhyā viṣayā ity arthaḥ | evaṃ caturviṃśati-tattvātmakaṃ kṣetraṃ jñeyam | icchādayaś catvāraḥ prasiddhāḥ saṅkalpādīnām upalakṣaṇam etat | ete manodharmāḥ kāmaḥ saṅkalpo vicikitsā śraddhā dhṛtir hrīr dhīr bhīr iti śruteḥ | yadyapy ātma-dharmā icchādayo ya ātmā ity ādau satya-kāmaḥ satya-saṅkalpaḥ iti śravaṇāt, paṭhed ya icchet puruṣaḥ iti sahasranāma-stotrāt, puruṣaḥ sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhoktṛtve hetur uchyate iti vakṣyamāṇāc ca, tathāpi mano-dvārābhivyakter manodharmatvam | ataḥ kṣetrāntaḥpātaḥ | saṅghāto bhūta-pariṇāmo dehaḥ | sa ca cetanā dhṛitr bhogāya mokṣāya ca yatamānasya cetanasya jīvasyādhāratayotpanna ity arthaḥ | atra pradhānādi-dravyāṇi kṣetrārambhakāṇiti, ya cety asya śrotrādīndiriyāṇi śrotrāśritānīti yādṛg ity asyencchādīni kṣetra-kāryāṇīti | yad-vikārīty asya cetanā dhṛtir iti | yataś cety asya saṅghāta iti | yad ity asottaram uktam | etat kṣetraṃ savikāraṃ janmādi-ṣaḍ-vikāropetam udāhṛtam uktam
 
 



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