BhG 13.1

syntax

śrī-bhagavān (the glorious Lord) uvāca (he spoke):
he kaunteya (O son of Kuntī!),
idam śarīram (this body) kṣetram iti (the field) abhidhīyate (it is called),
yaḥ (he who) etat (this) vetti (he knows)
tad-vidaḥ (those who know that) tam (him) kṣetra-jñaḥ iti (‘the knower of the field’) prāhuḥ (they declare).

grammar

śrī-bhagavān	–	śrī-bhagavant 1n.1 m.; TP: śriyā yukto bhagavān iti – the Lord united with majesty (from: śrī – lustre, majesty, fortune; √bhaj – to share, to love, to rejoice, to worship, bhaga – a share, good fortune, opulence; -mant / -vant – suffix denoting one who possesses, bhagavant – who possesses opulence);
uvāca	–	√vac (to speak) Perf. P 1v.1 – he spoke;
idam	–	idam 1n.1 n. – this;
śarīram	–	śarīra 1n.1 n. – body (from: √śri – to lean on, to rest on; or from: √śṝ – to break, to crush, śarīra – easy to be destroyed, the body);
kaunteya	–	kaunteya 8n.1 m. – O son of Kuntī (from: kunti – the people of Kunti, kuntī – Kuntī, mother of the sons of Pāṇḍu);
kṣetram	–	kṣetra 1n.1 n. – field (from: √kṣi – to possess);
iti	–	av. – thus (used to close the quotation);
abhidhīyate	–	abhi-√dhā (to name, to speak) Praes. pass. 1v.1 – it is called;
etat	–	etat sn. 2n.1 n. – this;
yaḥ	–	yat sn. 1n.1 m. – he who;
vetti	–	√vid (to know, to understand) Praes. P 1v.1 – he knows;
tam	–	tat sn. 2n.1 m. – him;
prāhuḥ	–	pra-√ah (to declare) Perf. P 1v.3 – they declared (inflected only in Perf., other forms from: √brū);
kṣetra-jñaḥ	–	kṣetra-jña 1n.1 m. – knower of the field (from: √kṣi – to possess, kṣetra – field; √jñā – to know, to understand, -jña – suffix: knower);
iti	–	av. – thus (used to close the quotation);
tad-vidaḥ	–	tad-vit 1n.3 m.; ye tat viduḥ te – those who know that (from: tat – to; √vid – to know, to understand, -vit – suffix: who knows);

textual variants

kṣetram → kṣetra;
vetti → veda (he knows);
kṣetra-jña → kṣetra-jñam (knower of the field);
tad-vidaḥ → tad-vidhāḥ (of this kind, similar to that);

… → verses not found in critical edition before verse BhG 13.1:
arjuna uvāca
prakṛtiṁ puruṣaṁ caiva kṣetraṁ kṣetrajñam eva ca
etad veditum icchāmi jñānaṁ jñeyaṁ ca keśava
Arjuna spoke:
O Keśava! I desire to know the nature and the human,
also the field and the knower of the field, and knowledge and subject of knowledge.

prakṛtiṁ puruṣaṁ caiva kṣetraṁ kṣetrajñam eva ca
etat te kathayiṣyāmi jñānaṁ jñeyaṁ ca bhārata
O descendant of Bhārata! I will describe to you now the nature and the human,
also the field and the knower of the field, and knowledge and subject of knowledge.

Śāṃkara

idam iti sarva-nāmnoktaṃ viśinaṣṭi śariram iti | he kaunteya ! kṣata-trāṇāt kṣayāt kṣaraṇāt, kṣetravad vāsmin karma-phala-niṣpatteḥ kṣetram iti | iti-śabda evaṃ-śabdedārthakaḥ | kṣetram ity evam abhidhīyate kathyate | etac charīraṃ kṣetraṃ yo vetti vijānāti, āpāda-tala-mastakaṃ jñānena viṣayīkaroti, svābhāvikenaupadeśikena vā vedanena viṣayīkaroti vibhāgaśaḥ, taṃ veditāraṃ prāhuḥ kathayanti kṣetrajña iti | iti-śabdaḥ evaṃ-śabda-padārthaka eva pūrvavat | kṣetrajñaḥ ity evam āhuḥ | ke ? tad-vidas tau kṣetra-kṣetrajñau ye vidanti te tad-vidaḥ

Rāmānuja

idaṃ śarīram devo ‚ham, manuṣyo ‚ham, sthūlo ‚ham, kṛśo ‚ham iti ātmano bhoktrā saha sāmānādhikaraṇyena pratīyamānaṃ bhoktur ātmano ‚rthāntarabhūtasya bhogakṣetram iti śarīrayāthātmyavidbhir abhidhīyate / etad avayavaśaḥ saṃghātarūpeṇa ca, idam ahaṃ vedmīti yo vetti, taṃ vedyabhūtād asmād veditṛtvenārthāntarabhūtam, kṣetrajña iti tadvidaḥ ātmayāthātmyavidaḥ prāhuḥ / yady api dehavyatiriktaghaṭādyarthānusandhānavelāyāṃ „devo ‚ham, manuṣyo ‚haṃ ghaṭādikaṃ jānāmi” iti dehasāmānādhikaraṇyena jñātāram ātmānam anusandhatte, tathāpi dehānubhavavelāyāṃ deham api ghaṭādikam iva „idam ahaṃ vedmi” iti vedyatayā veditānubhavatīti veditur ātmano vedyatayā śarīram api ghaṭādivad arthāntarabhūtam / tathā ghaṭāder iva vedyabhūtāc charīrād api veditā kṣetrajño ‚rthāntarabhūtaḥ / sāmānādhikaraṇyena pratītis tu vastutaś śarīrasya gotvādivad atmaviśeṣaṇataikasvabhāvatayā tadapṛthaksiddher upapannā / tatra veditur asādhāraṇākārasya cakṣurādikaraṇāviṣayatvād yogasaṃskṛtamanoviṣayatvāc ca prakṛtisannidhānād eva mūḍhāḥ prakṛtyākāram eva veditāraṃ paśyanti, tathā ca vakṣyati, „utkrāmantaṃ sthitaṃ vāpi bhuñjānaṃ vā guṇānvitam / vimūḍhā nānupaśyanti paśyanti jñānacakṣuṣaḥ” iti

Śrīdhara

teṣām ahaṃ samuddhartā mṛtyu-saṃsāra-sāgarāt, bhavāmi na cirāt pārtha [Gītā 12.7] iti pūrvaṃ pratijñātam | na cātma-jñānaṃ vinā saṃsārād uddharaṇaṃ sambhavatīti tattva-jñānopadeśārthaṃ prakṛti-puruṣa-vivekādhyāya ārabhyate | tatra yat saptame ‚dhyāye aparā parā ceti prakṛti-dvayam uktaṃ tayor avivekāj jīva-bhāvam āpannasya cid-aṃśasyāyaṃ saṃsāraḥ | yābhyāṃ ca jīvopabhogārtham īśvarasya sṛṣṭy-ādiṣu pravṛttiḥ | tad eva prakṛti-dvayaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-śabda-vācyaṃ parasparaṃ viviktaṃ tattvato nirūpayiṣyan bhagavān uvāca idam iti | idaṃ bhogāyatanaṃ śarīraṃ kṣetram ity abhidhīyate | saṃsārasya praroha-bhūmitvāt | etad yo vetti ahaṃ mameti manyate taṃ kṣetrajña iti prāhuḥ | kṛṣībalavat tat-phala-bhoktṛtvāt | tad-vidaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor vivekajñāḥ

Madhusūdana

prathama-madhyama-ṣaṭkayos tat-tvaṃ-padārthāv uktāv uttaras tu ṣaṭko vākyārtha-niṣṭhaḥ samyag-dhī-pradhāno ‚dhunārabhyate | tatra – teṣām ahaṃ samuddhartā mṛtyu-saṃsāra-sāgarād bhavāmi [Gītā 12.7] iti prāg uktam | na cātma-jñāna-lakṣaṇān mṛtyor ātma-jñānaṃ vinoddharaṇaṃ sambhavati | ato yādṛśenātma-jñānena mṛtyu-saṃsāra-nivṛttir yena ca tattva-jñānena yuktā adveṣṭṛtvādi-guṇa-śālinaḥ saṃnyāsinaḥ prāgvyākhyātās tadātma-tattva-jñānaṃ vaktavyam | tac cādvitīyena paramātmanā saha jīvasyābhedam eva viṣayīkaroti | tad-bheda-bhrama-hetukatvāt sarvānarthasya |
tatra jīvānāṃ saṃsāriṇāṃ pratikṣetraṃ bhinnānām asaṃsāriṇaikena paramātmanā katham abhedaḥ syād ity āśaṅkāyāṃ saṃsārasya bhinnatvasya cāvidyā-kalpitānātma-dharmatvān na jīvasya saṃsāritvaṃ bhinnatvaṃ ceti vacanīyam | tad arthaṃ dehendriyāntaḥ-karaṇebhyaḥ kṣetrebhyo vivekena kṣetrajñaḥ puruṣo jīvaḥ pratikṣetram eka eva nirvikāra iti pratipādanāya kṣetra-kṣetrajña-vivekaḥ kriyate ‚sminn adhyāye | tatra ye dve prakṛtī bhūmy-ādi-kṣetra-rūpatayā jīva-rūpa-kṣetrajñatayā cāpara-para-śabda-vācye sūcite tad-vivekena tattvaṃ nirūpayiṣyan śrī-bhagavān uvāca idaṃ śarīram iti |
idam indriyāntaḥ-karaṇa-sahitaṃ bhogāyatanaṃ śarīraṃ he kaunteya ! kṣetram ity abhidhīyate | sasyasyevāsminn asakṛt karmaṇaḥ phalasya nirvṛtteḥ | etad yo vetti ahaṃ mamety abhimanyate taṃ kṣetrajña iti prāhuḥ kṛṣībalavat tat-phala-bhoktṛtvāt | tad-vidaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor viveka-vidaḥ | atra cābhidhīyata iti karmaṇi prayogeṇa kṣetrasya jaḍatvāt karmatvaṃ kṣetrajña-śabde ca dvityāṃ vinaveti-śabdam āharan svaprakāśatvāt karmatvābhāvam avivekina evāhuḥ sthūla-dṛśām agocaratvād iti kathayituṃ vilakṣaṇa-vacana-vyaktyaikatra kartṛ-padopādānena ca nirdiśati bhagavān

Viśvanātha

tad evaṃ dvitīyena ṣaṭkena kevalayā bhaktyā bhagavat-prāptiḥ | tato ‚nyā ahaṃgrahopāsanādyās tisra upāsanāś coktāḥ | atha prathama-ṣatkoditānāṃ niṣkāmakarma-yogināṃ bhakti-miśra-jñāṇād eva mokṣas tac ca jñānaṃ saṅkṣepād uktam api punaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajñādi-vivecanena vivarituṃ tṛitīyaṃ ṣaṭkam ārabhate ||
tatra kiṃ kṣetraṃ kaḥ kṣetrajña ity apekṣāyām āha idam iti | idaṃ sendriyaṃ bhogāyatanaṃ śarīraṃ kṣetraṃ saṃsārasya praroha-bhūmitvāt | tad yo vetti bandha-daśāyām ahaṃ-mamety abhimanyamānaṃ sva-sambandhitvenaiva jānāti, mokṣa-daśāyām ahaṃ-mamety-abhimāna-rahitaḥ sva-sambandha-rahitam evayo jānāti, tam ubhayāvasthaṃ jīvaṃ kṣetrajñam iti prāhuḥ | kṛṣībalavat sa eva kṣetrajñas tat-phala-bhoktā ca | yad uktaṃ bhagavatā —
adanti caikaṃ phalam asya gṛdhnā
grāmecarā ekam araṇya-vāsāḥ |
haṃsā ya ekaṃ bahurūpam ijyair
māyāmayaṃ veda sa veda vedam || iti | [BhP 11.12.23]
asyārthaḥ gṛdhnantīti gṛdhrā grāmecarā baddha-jīvā asya vṛkṣasyakaṃ phalaṃ duḥkham adanti, pariṇāmataḥ svargāder api duḥkha-rūpatvāt | araṇya-vāsā haṃsā mukta-jīvā eka-phalaṃ sukham adanti, sarvathā sukha-rūpasyāpavargasyāpy etaj-janyatvāt | evam ekam api saṃsāra-vṛkṣaṃ bahuvidha-naraka-svargāpavarga-prāpakatvād bahu-rūpaṃ māyā-śakti-samudbhūtatvān māyāmayam | ijyaiḥ pūjyair gurubhiḥ kṛtvā yo vedeti tad-vidaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor veditāraḥ

Baladeva

ādya-ṣaṭke niṣkāma-karma-sādhyaṃ j-jñānopayogitayā darśitam | madhya-ṣatke tu bhakti-śabditaṃ paramātmopāsanaṃ tan-mahima-nigada-pūrvakam upadiṣṭam | tac ca kevalaṃ tad-vaśyatākaraṃ sat tat-prāpakam | ārtādīnāṃ tu tam upāsīnānām ārti-vināśādi-karaṃ tad-ekānti-prasaṅgena kevalaṃ sat tat-prāpakaṃ ca |
yogena jñānena copasṛṣṭaṃ tv aiśvarya-pradhāna-tad-rūpopalambhakaṃ mocakaṃ cety uktam | tathāsminn antya-ṣatke prakṛti-puruṣa-tat-saṃyoga-hetuka-jagat tad-īśvara-svarūpāṇi karma-jñāna-bhakti-svarūpāṇi ca vivicyante | jñāna-vaiśadyāya etāvat trayogaśe ‚sminn adhyāye deha-jīva-pareśa-svarūpāṇi vivecanīyāni | dehādi-viviktasyāpi jīvātmano deha-sambandha-hetus tad-vivekānusandhi-prakāraś ca vimarśanīyaḥ | tad idam arthajātam abhidhātuṃ bhagavān uvāca idam iti | he kaunteya idaṃ sendriya-prāṇaṃ śarīraṃ bhoktur jīvasya bhogya-sukha-duḥkhādi-prarohakatvāt kṣetram ity abhidhīyate tattva-jñaiḥ | etac charīraṃ devo ‚haṃ mānavo ‚haṃ sthūlo ‚ham ity ajñair ātma-bhedena pratīyamānam api yaḥ śayyāsanādivad-ātmano bhannam ātma-bhoga-mokṣa-sādhanaṃ ca vetti, taṃ vedyāc charīrāt tad-veditṛtayā bhinnaṃ tad-vidaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-svarūpa-jñāḥ kṣetrajñam iti prāhuḥ | bhoga-mokṣa-sādhanatvaṃ śarīrasyoktaṃ śrī-bhagavate –
adanti caikaṃ phalam asya gṛdhnā
grāmecarā ekam araṇya-vāsāḥ |
haṃsā ya ekaṃ bahu-rūpam ijyair
māyā-mayaṃ veda sa veda vedam || iti | [BhP 11.12.23]
śarīrātmavādī tu kṣetrajño na, kṣetratvema taj-jñānābhāvāt