BhG 1.38-39

yady apy ete na paśyanti lobhopahata-cetasaḥ
kula-kṣaya-kṛtaṃ doṣaṃ mitra-drohe ca pātakam

kathaṃ na jñeyam asmābhiḥ pāpād asmān nivartitum
kula-kṣaya-kṛtaṃ doṣaṃ prapaśyadbhir janārdana

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syntax


he janārdana (O Janārdana!),
yady api (even if) ete (these) lobhopahata-cetasaḥ (whose minds are affected by greed) kula-kṣaya-kṛtaṁ (done by the destruction of family) doṣaṁ (the evil) na paśyanti (they do not see),
mitra-drohe ca (and in the hostility to friends) pātakaṁ (sin) [na paśyanti] (they do not see),
[tathā api] (even thus) asmābhiḥ (by us) kula-kṣaya-kṛtaṁ (done by the destruction of family) doṣaṁ (the evil) prapaśyadbhiḥ (by those who understand),
asmāt (from this) pāpāt (from sin) nivartitum (to turn back) kathaṁ (how?) na jñeyam (not to be learnt?)

 

grammar

yadi av. if (correlative of: tarhi);
api av.although, moreover, besides, even;
ete etat sn. 1n.3 m.these;
na av.not;
paśyanti dṛś (to see) Praes. P 1v.3they see;
lobhopahata-cetasaḥ lobha-upahata-cetas 1n.3 m.; BV: yeṣāṁ ceto lobhenaupahatam asti tewhose minds are affected by greed (from: lubh – to be greedy, lobha – greed, covetousness; upa-han – to strike, to beat, to afflict, PP upahata – struck, hurt, affected, misled; cit – to perceive, to think, cetas – mind, thought, heart, consciousness);
kula-kṣaya-kṛtam kula-kṣaya-kṛta 2n.1 m.; TP: kulasya kṣayeṇa kṛtam itidone by the destruction of family (from: kula – tribe, family; kṣi – to decrease, PF kṣaya – diminution, destruction; kṛ – to do, PP kṛta – done, made);
doṣam doṣa 2n.1 m.evil, fault, guilt (from: duṣ – to become corrupted);
mitra-drohe mitra-droha 7n.1 m.; TP: mitrāṇāṁ droha itiin hostility to friends (from: mitra – friend, companion; druh – to hurt, to be hostile, droha – injury, harm);
ca av.and;
pātakam pātaka 2n.1 n.that which causes to fall: crime, sin (from: pat – to fall, PP pāta – fall);

******

katham av.how?, in what manner?;
na av.not;
jñeyam jñeya (jñā – to know, to understand) PF 1n.1 n.to be known, to be learnt;
asmābhiḥ asmat sn. 3n.3by us;
pāpāt pāpa 5n.1 n.from evil, from sin;
asmāt idam sn. 5n.1 n.from this;
nivartitum ni-vṛt (to stop, to turn back) inf.to stop, to turn back;
kula-kṣaya-kṛtam kula-kṣaya-kṛta 2n.1 m.; TP: kulasya kṣayeṇa kṛtam itidone by the destruction of family (from: kula – tribe, family; kṣi – to decrease, PF kṣaya – diminution, destruction; kṛ – to do, PP kṛta – done, made);
doṣam doṣa 2n.1 m.evil, fault, guilt (from: duṣ – to become corrupted);
prapaśyadbhiḥ pra-paśyant (pradṛś – to see clearly) PPr 3n.3 m.by those who see, who understand;
janārdana jana-ardana 8n.1 m.exciting / agitating people, O Janārdana (from: jan – to be born, to produce, jana – man, people, creature; ard – to torment, to hurt, ardana – tormenting, destroying) or BV: yo janānām abhadram ardati saḥone who destroys inauspiciousness of people;

 

textual variants


yady apy ete → yadyathā te (what more if they…);
kula-kṣaya-kṛtaṁ doṣaṁ→ kula-kṣata-kṛtaṁ pāpaṁ (sin done by killing the family);
kula-kṣaya-kṛtaṁ → kula-kṣata-kṛtaṁ (done by killing the family);
prapaśyadbhir → saṁpaśyadbir (by those who see well);
 
 



Śāṁkara

no commentary up to the verse BhG 2.10

 

Rāmānuja

no commentary up to the verse BhG 1.47

 

Madhva

no commentary up to the verse BhG 2.11

 

Śrīdhara

Śrīdhara: nanu tavaiteṣām api bandhu-vadha-doṣe samāne sati yathaivaite bandhu-vadha-doṣam aṅgīkṛtyāpi yuddhe pravartate | tathaiva bhavān api pravartatāṃ kim anena viṣādenety ata āha yadyapīti dvābhyām | rājya-lobhenopahataṃ bhraṣṭa-vivekaṃ ceto yeṣāṃ te ete duryodhanādayo yadyapi doṣaṃ na paśyanti, tathāpi asmābhir doṣaṃ prapaśyadbhir asmāt pāpāt nivartituṃ kathaṃ na jñeyaṃ nivṛttāv eva buddhiḥ kartavyety arthaḥ
tam eva doṣaṃ darśayati kula-kṣaya ity ādi | sanātanāḥ parasparāprāptāḥ | uta api avaśiṣṭaṃ kṛtsnam api kulam adharmo ‚bhibhavati vyāpnotīty arthaḥ

 

Viśvanātha

nanv ete tarhi kathaṃ yuddhe vartante | tatrāha yadyapīti
kula-kṣaya iti sanātanāḥ kula-parasparā-prāptatvena bahu-kālataḥ prāptā ity arthaḥ

 

Baladeva

nanu āhūto na nivarteta dyūtād api raṇād api viditaṃ kṣatriyasyeti kṣatra-dharma-smaraṇāt tair āhūtānāṃ bhavatāṃ yuddhe pravṛttir yukteti cet tatrāha yadyapīhi dvābhyām | pāpe pravṛttau lobhas teṣāṃ hetur asmākaṃ tu lobha-virahān na tatra pravṛttir iti | iṣṭa-sāvadhānatā-jñānaṃ khalu pravartakam | iṣṭaṃ cāniṣṭān anubandhi-vācyam | yad uktam –
phalato ‚pi ca yat karma nānārthenānubadhyate |
kevala-prīti-hetutvāt tad-dharm iti kathyate || iti |
tathā ca śyenenābhicaran yajeta ity ādi śāstrokte ‚pi śyenādāv ivāniṣṭānubandhitvād yuddhe ‚smin naḥ pravṛttir na yukteti | āhūta ity ādi śāstraṃ tu kula-kṣaya-doṣaṃ vinā bhūta-viṣayaṃ bhāvi | he janārdaneti prāgvat
doṣam eva prapañcayati kula-kṣaya iti | kula-dharmāḥ kulocitā agni-hotrādayo dharmāḥ sanātanāḥ kula-paraspara-prāptāḥ praṇaśyanti kartur vināśāt | utety apy arthe kṛtsnam ity anena sambadhyate | dharme naṣṭe saty avaśiṣṭaṃ bālādi-kṛtsnam api kulam adharmo ‚bhibhavati satīty arthaḥ

 
 



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