BhG 10.4-5

buddhir jñānam asaṃmohaḥ kṣamā satyaṃ damaḥ śamaḥ
sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ bhavo bhāvo bhayaṃ
cābhayam eva ca
ahiṃsā samatā tuṣṭis tapo dānaṃ yaśo yaśaḥ
bhavanti bhāvā bhūtānāṃ matta eva pṛthag-vidhāḥ

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syntax


buddhiḥ (intelligence) jñānam (knowledge) asammohaḥ (non-bewilderment) kṣamā (tolerance) satyam (truth) damaḥ (sense-control) śamaḥ (tranquility) sukham duḥkham (happiness and distress) bhavaḥ abhāvaḥ (existence and non-existence) bhayam abhayam ca eva (and certainly fear and fearlessness) ahiṁsā (non-violence) samatā (equanimity) tuṣṭiḥ (satisfaction) tapaḥ (austerity) dānam (charity) yaśaḥ ayaśaḥ (fame and infamy)
bhūtānām (of the creatures) [ete] pṛthag-vidhāḥ (these various kinds) bhāvāḥ (dispositions) mattaḥ eva (just from me) bhavanti (they become).

 

grammar

buddhiḥ buddhi 1n.1 f.intelligence, thought, understanding, knowledge, idea, opinion (from: budh – to wake, to perceive, to understand);
jñānam jñāna 1n.1 n.knowledge, wisdom, intelligence (from: jñā – to know, to understand);
asaṁmohaḥ a-saṁ-moha 1n.1 m.non-bewilderment (from: sam-muh – to become confused, bewildered, stupefied, saṁ-moha – bewilderment);
kṣamā kṣamā 1n.1 f.patience, tolerance, forbearance (from: kṣam – to forgive, to tolerate);
satyam satya 1n.1 n.truth, truthfulness (from: as – to be, PP sant – being, existing, true, the essence);
damaḥ dama 1n.1 m.taming, sense-control (from: dam – to tame, to control, to subdue);
śamaḥ śama 1n.1 m.tranquility, calmness (from: śam – to calm, to put to an end, to destroy);
sukham sukha 1n.1 n.pleasure, comfort (from: su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous; kha – cavity, hole, nave; su-kha – joy, happiness, literally: good hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving smooth;
or from: su-sthā; opposite to: duḥkha – pain, difficulty);
duḥkham duḥkha 1n.1 n.distress (from: dur / dus – prefix: difficult, bad, hard; kha – cavity, hole, nave; duḥ-kha – pain, difficulty; literally: bad hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving not smooth; or from: duḥ-sthā; opposite to: sukha – joy, happiness);
bhavaḥ bhava 1n.1 m. existence (from: bhū – to be);
abhāvaḥ a-bhava 1n.1 m. non-existence (from: bhū – to be);
bhayam bhaya 1n.1 n. fear (from: bhī – to scare);
ca av.and;
abhayam a-bhaya 1n.1 n. fearlessness, safety (from: bhī – to scare);
eva av.certainly, just, merely;
ca av.and;

*****

ahiṁsā a-hiṁsā 1n.1 f.non-violence, harmlessness (from: hiṁs – to injure, to harm, to kill);
samatā samatā abst. 1n.1 f.equanimity (from: sama – the same, equal, equivalent);
tuṣṭiḥ tuṣṭi 1n.1 f.satisfaction (from: tuṣ – to become calm, to be satisfied, PP tuṣṭa – calm, satisfied, pleased);
tapaḥ tapas 1n.1 n.heat, austerity (from: tap – to scorch);
dānam dāna 1n.1 n. gift, charity (from: – to give);
yaśaḥ yaśas 1n.1 n.fame, honour, splendour, beauty;
ayaśaḥ a-yaśas 1n.1 n.infamy, disgrace, dishonour;
bhavanti bhū (to be) Praes. P 1v.3they become;
bhāvāḥ bhāva 1n.3 m.states, natures, dispositions (from: bhū – to be);
bhūtānām bhūta (bhū – to be) PP 6n.3 m. of creatures (from: bhūta – been, real, world);
mattaḥ av.from me (from: mat – the basic form of a personal ponoun „I” singular used in compounds; indeclinable ablative with an ending: -tas);
eva av.certainly, just, merely;
pṛthag-vidhāḥ pṛthag-vidha 1n.3 m.those of various kinds (from: pṛth – to extend, av. pṛthak – separately, one by one; vi-dhā – to divide, vidhā – division, part);

 

textual variants


buddhir jñānambuddhi-jñānam (intelligence and knowledge);
damaḥ and śamaḥ change the position;
eva → evaṃ (thus);
 
 



Śāṃkara


itaś cāhaṃ maheśvaro lokānāṃ—

buddhir antaḥ-karaṇasya sūkṣmādy-arthāvabodhana-sāmarthyam, tadvantaṃ buddhimān iti hi vadanti | jñānam ātmādi-padārthānām avabodhaḥ | asaṃmohaḥ pratyutpanneṣu boddhavyeṣu viveka-pūrvikā pravṛttiḥ | kṣamā ākruṣṭasya tāḍitasya vāvikṛta-cittatā | satyaṃ yathā-dṛṣṭasya yathā-śrutasya cātmānubhavasya para-buddhi-saṃkrāntaye tathaivoucāryamāṇā vāk satyam ucyate | damo bāhyendriyopaśamaḥ | śamo’ntaḥ-karaṇasyopaśamaḥ | sukham āhlādaḥ | duḥkhaṃ santāpaḥ | bhava udbhavaḥ | abhāvas tad-viparyayaḥ | bhayaṃ ca trāsaḥ, abhayam eva ca tad-viparītam

ahiṃsāpīḍā prāṇinām | samatā sama-cittatā | tuṣṭiḥ saṃtoṣaḥ paryāpta-buddhir lābheṣu | tapa indriya-saṃyama-pūrvakaṃ śarīra-pīḍānam | dānaṃ yathā-śakti saṃvibhāgaḥ | yaśo dharma-nimittā kīrtiḥ | ayaśas tv adharma-nimittā kīrtiḥ | bhavanti bhāvā yathoktā buddhy-ādayo bhūtānāṃ prāṇināṃ matta eveśvarāt pṛthag-vidhāḥ nānā-vidhāḥ sva-karmānurūpeṇa

 

Rāmānuja


evaṃ svasvabhāvānusandhānena bhaktyutpattivirodhipāpanirasanam, virodhinirasanā devārthato bhaktyutpattiṃ ca pratipādya svāiśvaryasvakalyāṇaguṇagaṇaprapañcānusandhānena bhaktivivṛddhiprakāram āha

buddhiḥ manaso nirūpaṇasāmarthyam, jñānam cidacidvastuviśeṣaviṣayo niścayaḥ, asaṃmohaḥ pūrvagṛhītād rajatāder visajātīye śuktikādivastuni sajātīyatābuddhinivṛttiḥ; kṣamā manovikārahetau saty apy avikṛtamanastvam; satyam yathādṛṣṭaviṣayaṃ bhūtahitarūpaṃ vacanam / tadanuguṇā manovṛttir ihābhipretā, manovṛttiprakaraṇāt / damaḥ bāhyakaraṇānām anarthaviṣayebhyo niyamanam; śamaḥ antaḥkaraṇasya tathā niyamanam; sukham ātmānukūlānubhavaḥ; duḥkham pratikūlānubhavaḥ; bhavaḥ bhavanam; anukūlānubhavahetukaṃ manaso bhavanam; abhāvaḥ pratikūlānubhavahetuko manaso ‚vasādaḥ; bhayam āgāmino duḥkhasya hetudarśanajaṃ duḥkham; tannivṛttiḥ abhayam; ahiṃsā paraduḥkhāhetutvam; samatā ātmani sukṛtsu vipakṣeṣu cārthānarthayos samamatitvam; tuṣṭiḥ sarveṣv ātmasu dṛṣṭeṣu toṣasvabhāvatvam; tapaḥ śāstrīyo bhogasaṅkocarūpaḥ kāyakleśaḥ; dānam svakīyabhogyānaṃ parasmai pratipādanam; yaśaḥ guṇavattāprathā; ayaśaḥ nairguṇyaprathā / etac cobhayaṃ tadanuguṇamanovṛttidvayaṃ mantavyam, tatprakaraṇāt / tapodāne ca tathā / evam ādyāḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ bhāvāḥ pravṛttinivṛttihetavo manovṛttayo matta eva matsaṅkalpāyattā bhavanti

 

Śrīdhara


loka-maheśvaratām eva sphuṭayati buddhir iti tribhiḥ | buddhiḥ sārāsāra-viveka-naipuṇyam | jñānam ātma-viṣayam | asaṃmoho vyākulatvābhāvaḥ | kṣamā sahiṣṇutvam | satyaṃ yathārtha-bhāṣaṇam | damo bāhyendriya-saṃyamaḥ | śamo ‚ntaḥkaraṇa-saṃyamaḥ | sukhaṃ mano ‚nukūla-saṃvedanīyam | duḥkhaṃ ca tad-viparītam | bhava udbhavaḥ | abhāvas tad-viparītam | bhayaṃ trāsaḥ | abhayaṃ tad-viparītam | asya ślokasya matta eva bhavatīty uttareṇānvayaḥ

kiṃ ca ahiṃseti | ahiṃsā para-pīḍāniviṛttiḥ | samatā rāga-dveṣādi-rāhityam | tuṣṭir daiva-labdhena santoṣaḥ | tapaḥ śāstrīyādi-vakṣyamāṇam | dānaṃ nyāyārjitasya dhanādeḥ pātre ‚rpaṇam | yaśaḥ sat-kīrtiḥ | ayaśo duṣkīrtiḥ | ete buddhir jñānam ity ādayas tad-viparītāś cābuddhy-ādayo nānā-vidhā bhāvāḥ prāṇināṃ matto mat-sakāśād eva bhavanti

 

Madhusūdana


ātmano loka-maheśvaratvaṃ prapañcayati buddhir iti dvābhyām | buddhir antaḥkaraṇasya sūkmārtha-viveka-sāmarthaym | jñānam ātmānātma-sarva-padārthāvabodhaḥ | asaṃmohaḥ pratyutpanneṣu bodhavyeṣu kartavyeṣu vyākulatayā vivekena pravṛttiḥ | kṣamākruṣṭasya tāḍitasya vā nirvikāra-cittatā | satyaṃ pramāṇenāvabuddhasyārthasya tathaiva bhāṣaṇam | damo bāhyendriyāṇāṃ sva-viṣayebhyo nivṛttiḥ | śamo ‚ntaḥkaraṇasya śamatā | sukhaṃ dharmāsādhāraṇa-kāraṇakam anukūla-vedanīyam | duḥkham adharmāsādhāraṇa-kāraṇakaṃ pratikūla-vedanīyam | bhava utpattiḥ | bhāvaḥ sattā | abhāvo ‚satteti vā | bhayaṃ ca trāsas tad-viparītam abhayam | eva ca ekaś ca-kāra ukta-samuccayārthaḥ | aparo ‚nuktābuddhy-ajñānādi-samuccayārthaḥ | evety ete sarva-loka-prasiddhā evety arthaḥ | matta eva bhavatīty uttareṇānvayaḥ

ahiṃsā prāṇināṃ pīḍāyā niviṛttiḥ | samatā cittasya rāga-dveṣādi-rahitāvasthā | tuṣṭir bhogyeṣv etāvatālam iti buddhiḥ | tapaḥ śāstrīya-mārgeṇa kāyendriya-śoṣaṇam | dānaṃ deśe kāle śraddhayā yathā-śakty-arthānāṃ sat-pātre samarpaṇam | yaśo dharma-nimittā loka-ślāghā-rūpā prasiddhiḥ | ayaśas tv adharma-nimittā loka-nindā-rūpā prasiddhiḥ | ete buddhy-ādayo bhāvāḥ kārya-viśeṣāḥ sa-kāraṇakāḥ pṛthag-vidhā dharmādharmādi-sādhana-vaicitryeṇa nānā-vidhā bhūtānāṃ sarveṣāṃ prāṇināṃ mattaḥ parameśvarād eva bhavanti nānyasmāt tasmāt kiṃ vācyaṃ mama loka-maheśvaratvam ity arthaḥ

 

Viśvanātha


na ca śāstra-jñāḥ sva-buddhy-ādibhir mattatvaṃ jñātuṃ śaknuvanti, yato buddhy-ādīnāṃ sattvādivan-māyā-guṇa-janyatvān matta eva jātānām api guṇātīte mayi nāsti svataḥ praveśayogyatety āha buddhiḥ sūkṣmārtha-niścaya-sāmarthyam | jñānam ātmānātma-vivekaḥ | asaṃmoho vaiyagryābhāvaḥ | ete trayo bhāvā mat-tattva-jñāna-hetutvena sambhāvyamānā iva, na tu hetavaḥ | prasaṅgād anyān api bhāvān lokeṣu dṛṣṭān na svata evodbhūtān āha kṣamā sahiṣṇutvam | satyaṃ yathārtha-bhāṣaṇam | damo bāhyendriya-nigrahaḥ | śamo ‚ntarindriya-nigrahaḥ | ete sāttvikāḥ | sukhaṃ sāttvikam | duḥkhaṃ tāmasam | bhavābhāvau janma-mṛtyu-duḥkha-viśeṣau, bhayaṃ tāmasam abhayaṃ jñānotthaṃ sāttvikam | rājasādy-utthaṃ rājasam | samatātmaupamyena sarvatra sukha-duḥkhādi-darśanam ahiṃsā samate sāttvikyau | tuṣṭiḥ santuṣṭiḥ | sā nirupādhiḥ sāttvikī | sopādhis tu rājasī | tapo-dāne ‚pi sopādhi-nirupāditvābhyāṃ sāttvika-rājase, yaśo ‚yaśasy api tathā | matta iti ete man-māyāto bhavanto ‚pi śakti-śaktimator aikyāt matta eva

 

Baladeva


athātmanaḥ sarvāditvaṃ sarveśvaratvaṃ ca prapañcayati buddhir iti dvābhyām | buddhiḥ sūkṣmārtha-vivecana-sāmarthyam | jñānam cid-acid-vastu-vivecanam | asaṃmoho vyagratvābhāvaḥ | kṣamā sahiṣṇutā | satyaṃ yathā-dṛṣṭārtha-viṣayaṃ para-hita-bhāṣaṇam | damo ‚nartha-viṣayāc chokāder niyamanam | śamas tasmān manasaḥ | sukhaṃ ānukūlyena vedyam | duḥkhaṃ tu prātikūlyena vedyam | bhavo janma | abhāvo mṛtyuḥ | bhayam āgāmi-duḥkha-kāraṇa-vīkṣaṇād vitrāsaḥ san nivṛttiḥ | abhayam ahiṃsā parapīḍanājanakatā | samatā rāga-dveṣa-śūnyatā | tuṣṭiḥ adṛṣṭa-labdhena santoṣaḥ | tapaḥ vedokta-kāya-kleśaḥ | dānaṃ svabhogyasya sat-pātre ‚rpaṇam | yaśaḥ sādguṇya-khyātiḥ | tad-viparītaṃ ayaśaḥ evam ādayo bhāvā bhūtānāṃ deva-mānavādīnāṃ matto mat-saṅkalpād eva bhavantīty aham eva teṣāṃ hetur ity arthaḥ | pṛthag-vidhā bhinna-lakṣaṇā
 
 



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