BhG 8.1

arjuna uvāca
kiṃ tad brahma kim adhy-ātmaṃ kiṃ karma puruṣottama
adhi-bhūtaṃ ca kiṃ proktam adhi-daivaṃ kim ucyate

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syntax


arjunaḥ (Arjuna) uvāca (he spoke):
he puruṣottama (O best among men),
tat brahma (that brahman) kim [asti] (what is it?),
adhy-ātmam (the Supreme Self) kim [asti] (what is it?),
karma (activity) kim [asti] (what is it?),
adhi-bhūtam (the Supreme Being) kim proktam (what is called?),
kim ca (and what?) adhi-daivam (the Supreme Divinity) ucyate (it is called).

 

grammar

arjunaḥ – arjuna 1n.1 m. – white, clear, Arjuna;
uvāca – √vac (to speak) Perf. P 1v.1 – he spoke;
kim – kim sn. 1n.1 n. – what?
tat – tat sn. 1n.1 n. – that;
brahma – brahman 1n.1 n. – spirit, the Vedas (from: √bṛh – to increase);
kim – kim sn. 1n.1 n. – what?
adhy-ātmam – adhi-ātma 1n.1 n. – the Supreme Self (adhi – over, above; ātman – self);
kim – kim sn. 1n.1 n. – what?
karma – karman 1n.1 n. – activity (from: √kṛ – to do);
puruṣottama – puruṣa-uttama 8n.1 m.; TP: puruṣāṇām uttameti – O best among men (from: √pur – to precede, to lead or √pṝ – to fill, to nourish, puru – abundance, pūru – people; ut-tama – uppermost, highest, superlative of: ud – upwards, above);
adhi-bhūtam – adhi-bhūta 1n.1 n. – the Supreme Being (from: adhi – over, above; √bhū – to be, PP bhūta – been, real, world);
ca – av. – and;
kim – kim sn. 1n.1 n. – what?
proktam – prokta (pra-√vac – to declare, to speak) PP 1n.1 n. – spoken, called;
adhi-daivam – adhi-daiva 1n.1 n. – the Supreme Divinity (from: adhi – over, above; √div – to shine, to play, deva – god, divinity, daiva – divine, pertaining to divinities, destiny);
kim – kim sn. 1n.1 n. – what?
ucyate – √vac (to speak) Praes. pass. 1v.1 – it is spoken, it is called;

 

textual variants


adhy-ātmaṁ → adhy-ātma / adhy-ātman / adhy-ātmā (the Supreme Self);
adhi-bhūtaṁ → ādhi-bhūtaṁ (the Supreme Being);
kiṁ proktam → me proktam (spoken to me);
 
 



Śāṃkara


commentary under the verse BhG 8.2

 

Rāmānuja


commentary under the verse BhG 8.2

 

Śrīdhara


pūrvādhyāyānte bhagavatopakṣiptānāṃ brahmādhyātmādi-saptānāṃ padarthānāṃ tattvaṃ jijñāsur arjuna uvāca kiṃ tad brahmeti dvābhyām | spaṣṭo ‚rthaḥ

 

Madhusūdana


tava mama ca samatvāt kathaṃ tvaṃ māṃ pṛcchasīti śaṅkām apanudan sarva-puruṣebhya uttamasya sarvajñasya tava na kiṃcid ajñeyam iti saṃbodhanena sūcayati he puruṣottameti | adhibhūtaṃ ca kiṃ proktaṃ pṛthivyādibhūtam adhikṛtya yat kiṃcit kāryam adhibhūta-padena vivakṣitaṃ kiṃ vā samastam eva kārya-jātam | ca-kāraḥ sarveṣāṃ praśnānāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | adhidaivaṃ kim ucyate devatā-viṣayam anudhyānaṃ vā sarvadaivateṣv ādiyta-maṇḍalādiṣv anusyūtaṃ caitanyaṃ vā

 

Viśvanātha


commentary under the verse BhG 8.2

 

Baladeva


pūrvādhyāyānte mumukṣāṇāṃ jñeyatayoddiṣṭān brahmādīn saptārthān viboddhum arjunaḥ pṛcchati | kiṃ tad brahmeti kiṃ paramātma-caitanyaṃ vā | kiṃ jīvātma-caitanyaṃ vā tad brahmety arthaḥ | kim adhyātmam iti ātmānaṃ deham adhikṛtyeti nirukteḥ | śrotrādīndriya-vṛndaṃ vā sūkṣma-bhūta-vṛndaṃ vā tad iti | āvayos taulyāt kim iti māṃ pṛcchasīti śaṅkāṃ nivartayituṃ sambodhanaṃ he puruṣottameti | pareśatvāt tava sarvaṃ suviditaṃ na tu memeti bhāvaḥ | adhibhūtaṃ ca kim iti bhūtāny adhikṛtyeti nirukter ghaṭyādi-kāryaṃ vā sthūla-śarīraṃ vā tad iti | adhidaivaṃ kim iti devatā-viṣayakam anudhyānaṃ vā samaṣṭir virāṭ vā tad iti

 
 



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