BhG 7.16

catur-vidhā bhajante māṃ janāḥ sukṛtino rjuna
ārto jijñāsur arthārthī jñānī ca bharata-rṣabha

Update Required
To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your Flash plugin.


syntax


he arjuna (O Arjuna!), he bharata-rṣabha (O best of the Bharatas!),
ārtaḥ (suffering) jijñāsuḥ (desiring to know) arthārthī (wanting wealth) jñānī ca [iti] (and wise)
catur-vidhāḥ (four kinds of) sukṛtinaḥ (the pious) janāḥ (people) mām (me) bhajante (they worship).

 

grammar

catur-vidhāḥ catur-vidha 1n.3 m.four kinds of (from: catur – four; vi-dhā – to divide, vidhā – division, part);
bhajante bhaj (to share, to love, to rejoice, to worship) Praes. Ā 1v.3they worship;
mām asmat sn. 2n.1me;
janāḥ jana 1n.3 m.people, men (from: jan – to be born, to produce);
sukṛtinaḥ sukṛta 1n.3 m.good-doers, the noble, the pious (from: su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous; kṛ – to do, PP kṛta – done, made; sukṛta – well done, merit, benefit, virtue, fortune; -in, -min, -vin – sufixes meaning one who possesses);
arjuna arjuna 8n.1 m.white, clear, O Arjuna;
ārtaḥ ārta (ā- – to reach, to fall into) 1n.1 m.suffering, distressed, afflicted;
jijñāsuḥ jijñāsu (jñā – to know, to understand) des. 1n.1 m.; jñātum icchantaḥdesiring to know;
arthārthī artha-arthin 1n.1 m.; yo ‘rtam arthayate saḥwho wants wealth (from: arth – to strive to obtain, to desire, to request, artha – purpose, advantage, concern, object, wealth, use; -in, -min, -vin – sufixes meaning one who possesses; arthin – desiring, longing for, beggar);
jñānī jñānin 1n.1 m. wise, one in knowledge (from: jñā – to know, to understand), -in, -min, -vin – sufixes meaning one who possesses;
ca av.and;
bharata-rṣabha bharata-rṣabha 8n.1 m.; TP: bharatāṇām ṛṣabha itiO best of the Bharatas (from: bhṛ – to hold or bharata – king Bharata, maintained, actor, in plural – the descendants of Bharata; ṛṣabha – bull, the best of any kind);

 

textual variants


‘rjuna → sadā (constantly);
 
 



Śāṃkara


ye punar narottamāḥ puṇya-karmāṇaḥ—

catur-vidhāś catuḥ-prakārā bhajante sevante māṃ janāḥ sukṛtinaḥ puṇya-karmāṇo he’rjuna | ārta ārti-parigṛhītas taskara-vyāghra-rogādinābhibhūta āpannaḥ | jijñāsur bhagavat-tattvaṃ jñātum icchati yaḥ | arthārthī dhana-kāmaḥ | jñānī viṣṇos tattva-vic ca he bharatarṣabha

 

Rāmānuja


sukṛtinaḥ puṇyakarmāṇo māṃ śaraṇam upagamya mām eva bhajante / te ca sukṛtatāratamyena caturvidhāḥ, sukṛtagarīyastvena pratipattivaiśeṣyād uttarottarā adhikatamā bhavanti / ārtaḥ pratiṣṭhāhīnaḥ bhraṣṭāiśvaryaḥ punar tatprāptikāmaḥ / arthārthī aprāptāiśvaryatayā aiśvaryakāmaḥ / tayor mukhabhedamātram / aiśvaryaviṣayatayāikyād eka evādhikāraḥ / jijñāsuḥ prakṛtiviyuktātmasvarūpāvāptīcchuḥ / jñānam evāsya svarūpam iti jijñāsur ity uktam / jñānī ca, „itas tv anyāṃ prakṛtiṃ viddhi me parām” ityādinābhihitabhagavaccheṣataikarasātmasvarūpavit; prakṛtiviyuktakevalātmani aparyavasyan bhagavantaṃ prepsuḥ bhagavantam eva paramaprāpyaṃ manvānaḥ

 

Śrīdhara


sukṛtinas tu māṃ bhajanty eva | te sukṛti-tāratamyena catur-vidhā ity āha catur-vidhā iti | pūrva-janmasu ye kṛta-puṇyās te māṃ bhajanti | te caturvidhāḥ | ārto vegādy-abhibhūtaḥ sa yadi pūrvaṃ kṛta-puṇyas tarhi māṃ bhajati | anyathā kṣudra-devatā-bhajanena saṃsarati | evam uttaratrāpi draṣṭavyam | jijñāsur ātma-jñānecchuḥ | arthārthī atra vā paratra vā bhoga-sādhana-bhūto ‚rtha-lipsuḥ | jñānī cātma-vit

 

Madhusūdana


ye tv āsura-bhāva-rahitāḥ puṇya-karmāṇo vivekinas te puṇya-karma-tāratamyena catur-vidhāḥ santo māṃ bhajante krameṇa ca kāmanā-rāhityena mat-prasādān māyāṃ tarantīty āha catur-vidhā iti | ye sukṛtinaḥ pūrva-janma-kṛta-puṇya-saṃcayā janāḥ saphala-janmānas ta eva nānye te māṃ bhajante sevante | he arjuna ! te ca trayaḥ sa-kāmā eko ‚kāma ity evaṃ caturvidhāḥ | ārta ārtyā śatru-vyādhy-ādy-āpadā grastas tan-nivṛttim icchan | yathā makha-bhaṅgena kupita indre varṣati vraja-vāsī janaḥ | yathā vā jarāsandha-kārāgāravartī rāja-nicayaḥ | dyūta-sabhāyāṃ vastrākarṣaṇe draupadī ca | grāha-grasto gajendraś ca | jijñāsur ātma-jñānārthī mumukṣuḥ | yathā mucukundaḥ, yathā vā maithilo janakaḥ śrutadevaś ca, nivṛtte mausale yathā coddhavaḥ | arthārthī iha vā paratra vā yad bhogopakaraṇaṃ tal-lipsuḥ | tatreha yathā sugrīvo vibhīṣaṇaś ca, yathā copamanyuḥ paratra yathā dhruvaḥ | ete trayo ‚pi bhagavad-bhajanena māyāṃ taranti | tatra jijñāsur jñānotpattyā sākṣād eva māyāṃ tarati ārto ‚rthārthī ca jijñāsutvaṃ prāpyeti viśeṣaḥ | ārtasyārthārthinaś ca jijñāsutva-sambhavāj jijñāsoś cārtatva-jñānopakaraṇārthārthitva-sambhavād ubhayor madhye jijñāsur uddiṣṭaḥ |

tad ete trayaḥ sa-kāmā vyākhyātāḥ niṣkāmaś caturtha idānīm ucyate jñānī ca | jñānaṃ bhagavat-tattva-sākṣātkāras tena nitya-yukto jñānī tīrṇa-māyo nivṛtta-sarva-kāmaḥ | ca-kāro yasya kasyāpi niṣkāma-prema-bhaktasya jñāniny-antar-bhāvārthaḥ | he bharatarṣabha tvam api jijñāsur vā jñānī veti katamo ‚haṃ bhakta iti mā śaṅkiṣṭhā ity arthaḥ | tatra niṣkāma-bhakto jñānī yathā sanakādir yathā nārado yathā prahlādo yathā pṛthur yathā vā śukaḥ | niṣkāmaḥ śuddha-prema-bhakto yathā gopikādir yathā vākrūra-yudhiṣṭhirādiḥ | kaṃsa-śiśupālādayas tu bhayād dveṣāc ca santata-bhagavac-cintā-parā api na bhaktā bhagavad-anurakter abhāvāt | bhagavad-anurakti-rūpāyās tu bhakteḥ svarūpaṃ sādhanaṃ bhedās tathā bhaktānām api bhagavad-bhakti-rasāyane ‚smābhiḥ sa-viśeṣaṃ prapañcitā itīhoparamyate

 

Viśvanātha


tarhi ke tvāṃ bhajanta ity ata āha caturvidhā iti | sukṛtaṃ varṇāśramācāra-lakṣaṇo dharmas tadvantaḥ santo māṃ bhajante | tatra ārto rogādy-āpad-grastas tan-nivṛtti-kāmaḥ | jijñāsuḥ ātma-jñānārthī vyākaraṇādi-śāstra-jñānārthī vā | arthārthī kṣiti-gaja-turaga-kāminī-kanakādyaihika-pāratrika-bhogārthīti | ete trayaḥ sakāmā gṛhasthāḥ | jñānī viśuddhāntaḥ-karaṇaḥ sannyāsīti caturtho ‚yaṃ niṣkāmaḥ | ity ete pradhānībhūta-bhakty-adhikāriṇaś catvāro nirūpitāḥ | tatrādimeṣu triṣu karma-miśrā bhaktiḥ | antime caturthe jñāna-miśrā | sarva-dvārāṇi saṃnyasya [Gītā 8.12] ity agrima-granthe yoga-miśrāpi vakṣyate | jñāna-karmādy-amiśrā kevalā bhaktir yā sā tu saptamādhyāyārambha eva mayy āsakta-manaḥ pārtha [Gītā 7.1] ity anena uktā | punaś cāṣṭame ‚py adhyāye ananya-cetāḥ satatam [Gītā 8.14] ity anena, navame mahātmānas tu māṃ pārtha [Gītā 9.13] iti śloka-dvayena ananyāś cintayanto mām [Gītā 9.22] ity anena ca nirūpayitavyeti |

pradhānībhūtā kevalā iti dvividhaiva bhaktir madhyame ‚sminn adhyāya-ṣaṭke bhagavatoktā | yā tu tṛtīyā guṇībhūtā bhaktiḥ karmaṇi jñānini yogini ca karmādi-phala-siddhy-arthā dṛśyate | tasyāḥ prādhānyābhāvāt na bhaktitva-vyapadeśaḥ | kintu tatra tatra karmādīnām eva prādhānyāt | prādhānyena vyapadeśā bhavanti iti nyāyena karmatva-jñānatva-yogatva-vyapadeśaḥ | tadvatām api karmitva-jñānitva-yogitva-vyapadeśaḥ | na tu bhaktatva-vyapadeśaḥ | phalaṃ ca sakāma-karmaṇaḥ svargo niṣkāma-karmaṇo jñāna-yogo jñāna-yogayor nirvāṇa-mokṣa iti |

atha dvidhāyā bhakteḥ phalam ucyate | tatra pradhānībhūtāsu bhaktiṣu madhye ārtādiṣu triṣu yāḥ karma-miśrās tisraḥ sa-kāmā bhaktayas tāsāṃ phalaṃ tat-tat-kāma-prāptiḥ | viṣaya-sādguṇyāt tad-ante sukhaiśvarya-pradhāna-sālokya-mokṣa-prāptiś ca, na tu karma-phala-svarga-bhogānta iva pātaḥ | yad vakṣyate yānti mad-yājino ‚pi mām [Gītā 9.25] iti | caturthyā jñāna-miśrāyās tata utkṛṣṭāyās tu phalaṃ śānta-ratiḥ sanakādiṣv iva | bhakta-bhagavat-kāruṇyādhikya-vaśāt kasyāścit tasyāḥ phalaṃ premotkarṣaś ca śrī-śukādiṣv iva | karma-miśrā bhaktir yadi niṣkāmā syāt tadā tasyāḥ phalaṃ jñāna-miśrā bhaktiḥ | tasyāḥ phalam uktam eva | kvacic ca svabhāvād eva dā̆sādi-bhakta-saṅgottha-vāsanā vaśād vā jñāna-karmādi-miśra-bhaktimatām api dāsyādi-premā syāt, kintu aiśvarya-pradhānam eveti |

atha jñāna-karmādy-amiśrāyāḥ śuddhāyā ananyākiñcanottamādi-paryāyāḥ bhakter bahu-prabhedāyā dāsya-sakhyādi-premavat-pārṣadatvam eva phalam ity ādikaṃ śrī-bhāgavata-ṭīkāyāṃ bahuśaḥ pratipāditam | atrāpi prasaṅga-vaśāt sādhya-bhakti-vivekaḥ saṃkṣipya darśitaḥ

 

Baladeva


tarhi tvāṃ ke prapadyante tatrāha catur-vidhā iti | sukṛtinaḥ supaṇḍitāḥ sva-varṇāśramocita-karmaṇā mad-ekānti-bhāvena ca sampannā janā māṃ bhajante | te ca catur-vidhāḥ | tatrārtaḥ śatru-kleśādyāpad-grastas tad-vināśecchur gajendrādiḥ | jijñāsur viviktātma-svarūpa-jñānecchuḥ śaunakādiḥ | arthārthī rājyādi-sampad-icchur dhruvādiḥ | jñānī śeṣatvena svāmtānaṃ śeṣitvena parātmānaṃ ca māṃ jñātavān śukādiḥ | eṣv ārtādayaḥ sa-kāmāḥ, jñānī tu niṣkāmaḥ | ārtārthārthinoḥ paratra jijñāsutā-sampattaye tayor antarāle jijñāsor upanyāsaḥ

 
 



Both comments and pings are currently closed.