BhG 7.12

ye caiva sāttvikā bhāvā rājasās tāmasāś ca ye
matta eveti tān viddhi na tv ahaṃ teṣu te mayi

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analysis

syntax

ye ca eva (and indeed those which) bhāvāḥ (states) sāttvikāḥ (sattvic) rājasāḥ (rajasic)
ye ca (and those which) tāmasāḥ (tamasic),
tān sarvān (them all) mattaḥ eva iti (indeed from me) viddhi (you must know).
aham (I) teṣu (in them) na [varte] (I am not),
te tu (but they) mayi (in me) [vartante] (they are).

grammar

ye	–	yat sn. 1n.3 m. – those which;
ca	–	av. – and;
eva	–	av. – certainly, just, merely;
sāttvikāḥ	–	sāttvika 1n.3 m. – pertaining to sattva, sattvic (from: √as – to be, PPr sant – being, existing, true, the essence, abst. sattva – being, essence, wisdom, spirit, one of the three guṇas);
bhāvāḥ	–	bhāva 1n.3 m. – being, state, nature (from: √bhū – to be);
rājasāḥ	–	rājasa 1n.3 m. – related to rajas, rajasic (from: √rañj – to be dyed, be excited, be delighted, rajas – coloured, dust, passion, one of the three guṇas);
tāmasāḥ	–	tāmasa 1n.3 m. – related to tamas, tamasic (from: √tam – to choke, to faint, to perish, to stop; tamas – darkness, gloom, dullness, passivity, one of the three guṇas);
ca	–	av. – and;
ye	–	yat sn. 1n.3 m. – those which;
mattaḥ	–	av. – from me (from: mat – the basic form of a personal ponoun „I” singular used in compounds; indeclinable ablative with an ending: -tas);
eva	–	av. – certainly, just, merely;
iti	–	av. – thus (used to close the quotation);
tān	–	tat sn. 2n.3 m. – them;
viddhi	–	√vid (to know, to understand) Imperat. P 2v.1 – you must know;
na	–	av. – not;
tu	–	av. – but, then, or, and;
aham	–	asmat sn. 1n.1 – I;
teṣu	–	tat sn. 7n.3 m. – in them;
te	–	tat sn. 1n.3 m. – they;
mayi	–	asmat sn. 7n.1 – in me;

textual variants

rājasās tāmasāś → tāmasā rājasāś (tamasic, rajasic);
eveti → eveha (indeed here);

commentaries

Śāṃkara

kiṃ ca—

ye caiva sāttvikāḥ sattva-nirvṛttā bhāvāḥ padārthāḥ, rājasāḥ rajo-nirvṛttās tāmasās tamo-nirvṛttāś ca, ye kecit prāṇināṃ sva-karma-vaśāt jāyante bhāvāḥ, tān matta eva jāyamānān iti evaṃ viddhi sarvān samastān eva | evaṃ yady api te matto jāyante, tathāpi na tv ahaṃ teṣu tad-adhīnas tad-vaśaḥ, yathā saṃsāriṇaḥ | te punar mayi mad-vaśāḥ mad-adhīnāḥ

Rāmānuja

kiṃ viśiṣya abhidhīyate? sāttvikā rājasās tāmasāś ca jagati dehatvenendriyatvena bhogyatvena tattaddhtetutvena cāvasthitā ye bhavāḥ, tān sarvān matta evotpannān viddhi; te maccharīratayā mayy evāvasthitā iti ca / na tv ahaṃ teṣu nāhaṃ kadācid api tadāyattasthitiḥ; anyatrātmāyattasthititve ‚pi śarīrasya, śarīreṇātmanaḥ sthitāv apy upakāro vidyate; mama tu tair na kaścit tathāvidha upakāraḥ, kevalalīlaiva prayojanam ityarthaḥ

Śrīdhara

Madhusūdana

kim evaṃ parigaṇanena ye caiveti | ye cānye ‚pi bhāvāś citta-pariṇāmāḥ sāttvikāḥ śama-damādayaḥ | ye ca rājasā harṣa-darpādayaḥ | ye ca tāmasāḥ śoka-mohādayaḥ prāṇinām avidyā-karmādi-vaśāj jāyante tān matta eva jāyamānān iti ahaṃ kṛtsnasya jagataḥ prabhava ity ādy-ukta-prakāreṇa viddhi samastān eva | athavā sāttvikā rājasās tāmasāś ca bhāvāḥ sarve ‚pi jaḍa-vargā vyākhyeyā viśeṣa-hetv-abhāvāt | eva-kāraś ca samastāvadhāraṇārthaḥ | evam api na tv ahaṃ teṣu, matto jātatve ‚pi tad-vaśas tad-vikāra-rūṣito rajju-khaṇḍa iva kalpita-sarva-vikāra-rūṣito ‚haṃ na bhavāmi saṃsārīva | te tu bhāvā mayi rajjvām iva sarpādayaḥ kalpitā mad-adhīna-sattā-sphūrtikā mad-adhīnā ity arthaḥ

Viśvanātha

evaṃ vastu-kāraṇa-bhūtā vastu-sāra-bhūtāś ca rākṣasādyāś ca vibhūtayaḥ kāścid uktāḥ | kintv alam ativistareṇa | mad-adhīnaṃ vastu-mātram eva mad-vibhūtir ity āha ye caiveti | sāttva-bhāvāḥ śama-damādayo devādyāś ca | rājasā harṣa-darpādayo ‚surādyāś ca | tāmasāḥ śoka-mohādayo rākṣasādyāś ca | tān matta eveti madīya-prakṛti-guṇa-kāryatvāt | teṣv ahaṃ na varte | jīvavat tad-adhīno ‚haṃ na bhavāmīty arthaḥ | te tu mayi mad-adhīnāḥ santa eva vartante

Baladeva

evaṃ kāṃścid vibhūtir abhidhāya samāsena sarvās tāḥ prāha ye caiveti | ye mitho vilakṣaṇa-svabhāvāḥ sāttvikādayo bhāvāḥ prāṇināṃ śarīrendriya-viṣayātmanā ta-kāraṇatvena cāvasthitās tān sarvān tat-tac-chakty-upetān matta evopapannān viddhi | na tv ahaṃ teṣu varte naivāhaṃ tad-adhīna-sthitiḥ | te mayi mad-adhīna-sthitaya ity arthaḥ

translations

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