BhG 5.4

syntax

bālāḥ (ignorant men) sāṁkhya-yogau (sāṁkhya and yoga) pṛthak (separately) pravadanti (they declare),
paṇḍitāḥ tu (but wise men) na [vadanti] (they do not declare).
ekam api (even one) samyak (properly) āsthitaḥ (having undertaken) ubhayoḥ (of both) phalaṁ (the fruit) vindate (he obtains).

grammar

sāṁkhya-yogau	–	sāṁkhya-yoga 2n.2 m.; DV: sāṁkhyaś ca yogaś ceti – sāṁkhya and yoga (from: sam-√khyā – to count, sāmkhya – relating to number, rational, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy; √yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage, yoga – yoga, yoking, application, a means, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy);
pṛthak	–	av. – separately, one by one (from: √pṛth – to extend);
bālāḥ	–	bāla 1n.3 m. – children, ignorants, immature;
pravadanti	–	pra-√vad (to speak, to declare) Praes. P 1v.3 – they declare;
na	–	av. – not;
paṇḍitāḥ	–	paṇḍita 1n.3 m. – the learned, wise (paṇḍā – wisdom, knowledge);
ekam	–	eka sn. 2n.1 n. – one;
api	–	av. – although, moreover, besides, even;
āsthitaḥ	–	ā-sthita (ā-√sthā – to stand, to undertake) PP 1n.1 m. – having undertaken;
samyak	–	av. – properly, entirely, the same (from: √añc – to bend, to move, to go, samy-añc – going along, united, whole, proper);
ubhayoḥ	–	ubha sn. 6n.2 m. – of these two;
vindate	–	√vid (to find) Praes. Ā 1v.1 – he obtains, he finds;
phalam	–	phala 2n.1 n. – fruit, result (from: √phal – to ripen);

textual variants

āsthitaḥ → āśritaḥ (sheltered);
ubhayor vindate phalam → ubhayoḥ phalam aśnute (he eats the fruit of both);

Śāṃkara

saṃnyāsa-karma-yogayor bhinna-puruṣānuṣṭheyayor viruddhayoḥ phale’pi virodho yuktaḥ | na tūbhayor niḥśreyasa-karatvam eveti prāpta idam ucyate—

sāṃkhya-yogau pṛthag viruddha-bhinna-phalau bālāḥ pravadanti na paṇḍitāḥ | paṇḍitās tu jñānina ekaṃ phalam aviruddham icchanti | kathaṃ ? ekam api sāṃkhya-yogayoḥ samyag āsthitaḥ samyag anuṣṭhitavān ity arthaḥ, ubhayor vindate phalam | ubhayos tad eva hi niḥśreyasaṃ phalam | ato na phale virodho’sti |

nanu saṃnyāsa-karma-yoga-śabdena prastutya sāṃkhya-yogayoḥ phalaikatvaṃ katham ihāprakṛtaṃ bravīti ? naiṣa doṣaḥ—yadyapy arjunena saṃnyāsaṃ karma-yogaṃ ca kevalam abhipretya praśnaḥ kṛtaḥ | bhagavāṃs tu tad-aparityāgenaiva svābhipretaṃ ca viśeṣaṃ saṃyojya śabdāntara-vācyatayā prativacanaṃ dadau sāṃkhya-yogāv iti | tāv eva saṃnyāsa-karma-yogau jñāna-tad-upāya-sama-buddhitvādi-saṃyuktau sāṃkhya-yoga-śabda-vācyāv iti bhagavato matam | ato na aprakṛta-prakriyeti

Rāmānuja

jñānayogakarmayogayor ātmaprāptisādhanabhāve ‚nyonyanairapekṣyam āha

jñānayogakarmayogau phalabhedāt pṛthag bhūtau ye pravadanti, te bālāḥ aniṣpannajñānāḥ na paṇḍitāḥ akṛtsnavidaḥ / karmayogo jñānayogam eva sādhayati; jñānayogas tv eka ātmāvalokanaṃ sādhayatīti tayoḥ phalabhedena pṛthaktvaṃ vadanto na paṇḍitā ityarthaḥ / ubhayor ātmāvalokanaikaphalayor ekaphalatvena ekam apy āsthitas tad eva phalaṃ labhate

Śrīdhara

yasmād evam aṅga-pradhānatvenobhayor avasthā-bhedena krama-samuccayaḥ | ato vikalpam aṅgīkṛtyobhayoḥ kaḥ śreṣṭha iti praśno ‚jñāninām evocitaḥ | na vivekinām ity āha sāṅkhya-yogāv iti | sāṅkhya-śabdena jñāna-niṣṭhā-vācinā tad-aṅgaṃ saṃnyāsaṃ lakṣayati | saṃnyāsa-karma-yogau eka-phalau santau pṛthak svatantrāv iti bālā ajñā eva pravadanti na tu paṇḍitāḥ | tatra hetuḥ – anayor ekam apy samyag āsthita āśritavān ubhayor api phalam āpnoti | tathā hi karma-yogaṃ samyag anutiṣṭhan śuddha-cittaḥ san jñāna-dvārā yad ubhayoḥ phalaṃ kaivalyaṃ tad vindati | saṃnyāsaṃ samyag āsthito ‚pi pūrvam anuṣṭhitasya karma-yogasyāpi paramparayā jñāna-dvārā yad ubhayoḥ phalaṃ kaivalyaṃ tad vindatīti na pṛthak phalatvam anayor ity arthaḥ

Madhusūdana

nanu yaḥ karmaṇi pravṛttaḥ sa kathaṃ saṃnyāsīti jñātavyaḥ karma-tat-tyāgayoḥ svarūpa-virodhāt phalaikyāt tatheti cet, na | svarūpato viruddhayoḥ phale ‚pi virodhasyaucityāt | tathā ca niḥśreyasa-karāv ubhāv ity anupapannam ity āśaṅkyāha sāṃkhya-yogāv iti | saṃkhyā samyag ātma-buddhis tāṃ vahatīti jñānāntaraṅga-sādhanatayā sāṅkhyaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ | yogaḥ pūrvokta-karma-yogaḥ | tau pṛthag viruddha-phalau bālāḥ śāstrārtha-viveka-jñāna-śūnyāḥ pravadanti, na paṇḍitāḥ | kiṃ tarhi paṇḍitānāṃ matam ? ucyate – ekam apy saṃnyāsa-karmaṇor madhye samyag āsthitaḥ svādhikārānurūpeṇa samyag yathā-śāstraṃ kṛtavān sann ubhayor vindate phalam jñānotpatti-dvāreṇa niḥśreyasam ekam eva

Viśvanātha

tasmād yac chreya evaitayor iti tvad-uktam api vastuto na ghaṭate | vivekibhir ubhayoḥ pārthakyābhāvasya dṛṣṭatvād ity āha sāṃkhya-yogāv iti | sāṃkhya-śabdena jñāna-niṣṭhā-vācinā tad-aṅgaḥ saṃnyāso lakṣyate | saṃnyāsa-karma-yogau pṛthak svatantrāv iti bālāḥ vadanti, na tu vijñāḥ jñeyaḥ sa nitya-saṃnyāsī iti pūrvokteḥ | ata ekam apīty ādi

Baladeva

yaḥ śreya etayor ekam iti tvad-vākyaṃ ca na ghaṭata ity āha sāṃkhyeti | jñāna-yoga-karma-yogau phala-bhedāt pṛthag-bhūtāv iti bālāḥ pravadanti, na tu paṇḍitāḥ | ataeva ekam ity ādi phalam ātmāvaloka-lakṣaṇam