BhG 4.33

śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ paraṃtapa
sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate

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syntax


he parantapa (O scorcher of enemies!), he pārtha (O son of Pṛthā!),
dravya-mayāt (from that made of things) yajñāt (from sacrifice) jñāna-yajñaḥ (sacrifice through knowledge) śreyān (better),
akhilam (without a break) sarvam (all) karma (activity) jñāne (in knowledge) parisamāpyate (it is contained).

 

grammar

śreyān śreyas 1n.1 m. better, higher, perfect, the auspiciousness, the welfare (comparative of: śrī – śreyas, śreṣṭha);
dravya-mayāt dravya-maya 5n.1 m. from that made of things (from: dravya – substance, thing, object, goods; –maya – in compounds: made of, of the nature of);
yajñāt yajña 5n.1 m.from sacrifice, from worship (from: yaj – to consecrate, to sacrifice, to worship);
jñāna-yajñaḥ jñāna-yajña 1n.1 m.; TP: jñānena yajña itisacrifice through knowledge (from: jñā – to know, to understand, jñāna – knowledge, wisdom; yaj – to consecrate, to sacrifice, to worship, yajña – sacrifice, worship);
paraṁtapa param-tapa 8n.1 m.; yaḥ parān tāpayati saḥone who torments enemies (from: para – another, strange; tap – to scorch, tapas – heat, austerity);
sarvam sarva sn. 1n.1 n.all, whole (sarvam idam – mostly used to mean ‘this world’);
karma karman 1n.1 n.activity (from: kṛ – to do);
akhilam a-khila 1n.1 n.whole, complete, without a gap (from: khila – hole, gap);
pārtha pārtha 8n.1 m.O son of Pṛthā (from: pṛth – to extend, pṛthā – Kuntī, mother of the sons of Pāṇḍu);
jñāne jñāna 7n.1 n.in knwledge, in wisdom (from: jñā – to know, to understand);
parisamāpyate pari-sam-āp (to obtain, to reach) Praes. pass. 1v.1it is completed, it is contained (requires locative);

 

textual variants


dravya-mayād yajñājdravya-mayād yajño / brahmayād yajñāj (scrifice from that made of things / from sacrifice of brahman);
sarvaṁ karmākhilaṁ → sarva-karmākhilaṁ (whole complete activity);

 
 



Śāṃkara


brahmārpaṇaṃ [gītā 4.24] ity ādi lokena samyag-darśanasya yajñatvaṃ saṃpāditam | yajñāś cāneka upadiṣṭāḥ | taiḥ siddha-puruṣārtha-prayojanair jñānaṃ stūyate | kathaṃ ? —-

śreyān dravya-mayāt dravya-sādhana-sādhyād yajñāj jñāna-yajño he paraṃtapa | dravya-mayo hi yajñaḥ phalasyārambhakaḥ, jñāna-yajño na phalārambhakaḥ, ataḥ śreyān praśasyataraḥ | kathaṃ ? yataḥ sarvaṃ karma samastam akhilam apratibaddhaṃ pārtha jñāne mokṣa-sādhane sarvataḥ saṃplutodaka-sthānīye parisamāpyate antarbhavatīty arthaḥ | yathā kṛtāya vijitāyādhareyāḥ saṃyanty evam enaṃ sarvaṃ tad abhisameti yat kiṃcit prajāḥ sādhu kurvanti yas tad veda yat sa veda [candrhāuttaṃ 4.1.4] iti śruteḥ

 

Rāmānuja


antargatajñānatayā karmaṇo jñānākāratvam uktam; tatrāntargatajñāne karmaṇi jñānāṃśasyaiva prādhānyam āha

ubhayākāre karmaṇi dravyamayād aṃśāj jñānamayāṃśaḥ śreyān; sarvasya karmaṇaḥ taditarasya cākhilasyopādeyasya jñāne parisamāpteḥ tad eva sarvais sādhanaiḥ prāpyabhūtaṃ jñānaṃ karmāntargatatvenābhyasyate / tad eva abhyasyamānaṃ krameṇa prāpyadaśāṃ pratipadyate

 

Śrīdhara


karma-yajñāj jñāna-yajñas tu śreṣṭha ity āha śreyān iti | dravya-mayād anātma-vyāpāra-janyād daivādi-yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ śreyān śreṣṭhaḥ | yadyapi jñāna-yajñasyāpi mano-vyāpārādhīnatvam asty eva tathāpy ātma-svarūpasya jñānasya manaḥ-pariṇāme ‚bhivyakti-mātram | na taj-janyatvam iti dravya-mayād viśeṣaḥ | śreṣṭhatve hetuḥ — sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ phala-sahitaṃ jñāne parisamāpyate | antarbhavatīty arthaḥ | sarvaṃ tad abhisameti yat kiṃ ca prajāḥ sādhu kurvantīti śruteḥ

 

Madhusūdana


sarveṣāṃ tulyavan nirdeśātma-karma-jñānayoḥ sāmya-prāptāv āha śreyān iti | śreyān praśasyataraḥ sākṣān mokṣa-phalatvāt | dravya-mayāt tad-upalakṣitāj jñāna-śūnyāt sarvasmād api yajñāt saṃsāra-phalāj jñāna-yajña eka eva | he parantapa ! kasmād evam ? yasmāt sarvaṃ karmeṣṭi-paśu-soma-cayana-rūpaṃ śrautam akhilaṃ niravaśeṣaṃ smārtam upāsanādi-rūpaṃ ca yat karma taj-jñāne brahmātmaikya-sākṣātkāre samāpyate pratibandha-kṣaya-dvāreṇa paryavasyati | tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dāne tapasānāśakena iti dharmena pāpam apanudati iti ca śruteḥ | sarvāpekṣā ca yajñādi-śruter aśvavat [Vs. 3.4.26] iti nyāyāc cety arthaḥ

 

Viśvanātha


teṣāṃ madhye brahmārpaṇaṃ brahma-havir iti lakṣaṇād api dravya-mayād yajñād brahmāgnāv ity anenokto jñāna-yajñaḥ śreyān | kutaḥ ? jñāne sati sarvaṃ karmākhilam avyarthaṃ sat parisamāpyate samāptībhavati | jñānānantaraṃ karma na tiṣṭhatīty arthaḥ

 

Baladeva


uktāḥ karma-yogā viviktātmānusandhi-garbhatvād araṇyād iva ubhaya-rūpās teṣu jñāna-rūpaṃ saṃstauti śreyān iti | dvirūpe karmaṇi karma-dravya-bhayād aṃśāj jñāna-mayo ‚ṃśaḥ śreyān praśastaraḥ | dravya-mayād ity upalakṣaṇām indirya-saṃyamādīnāṃ teṣāṃ tad-upāyatvāt | etad vivṛṇoti – he pārtha ! jñāne sati sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ sāṅgaṃ parisamāpyate nivṛttim eti phale jāte sādhana-nivṛtter darśanāt

 
 



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