BhG 3.17

yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād ātma-tṛptaś ca mānavaḥ
ātmany eva ca saṃtuṣṭas tasya kāryaṃ na vidyate

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syntax


yaḥ (he who) tu (but) mānavaḥ (a man) ātma-ratiḥ eva (whose delight is in the self only), ātma-tṛptaḥ ca (and satisfied by the self), ātmani eva ca (and in the self only) santuṣṭaḥ (completely satisfied) syād (it would be),
tasya (his) kāryaṁ (duty) na vidyate (it does not exist).

 

grammar

yaḥ yat sn. 1n.1 m.he who;
tu av.but, then, or, and;
ātma-ratiḥ ātma-rati 1n.1 m.; BV: yasyātmani ratir asti saḥ whose delight is in the self (from: ātman – self; ram – to play, to rejoice, rati – pleasure, delight);
eva av.certainly, just, merely;
syāt as (to be) Pot. P 1v.1it would be;
ātma-tṛptaḥ ātma-tṛpta 1n.1 m.; TP: ātmanā / ātmani tṛpta iti satisfied by the self / satisfied in the self (from: ātman – self; tṛp – to be satisfied, PP tṛpta – satisfied);
ca av.and;
mānavaḥ mānava 1n.1 m.a man (from: man – to think, manu – a man, a person);
ātmani ātman 7n.1 m.in the self;
eva av.certainly, just, merely;
ca av.and;
saṁtuṣṭaḥ saṁtuṣṭa (sam-tuṣ – to rejoice) PP 1n.1 m.completely satisfied;
tasya tat sn. 6n.1 m.his;
kāryam kārya (kṛ to do) PF 1n.1 n.to be done, work, duty, especially religious one;
na av.not;
vidyate vid (to be, to exist) Praes. Ā 1v.1it exists;

 

textual variants


yas tv ātma-ratiryaścātma-ratir (and he whose delight is in the self);
ātmany eva ca → ātmanaiva ca (and by the self only);

 
 



Śāṃkara

The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic

Karma-Yoga is not meant for the Self-knower.
Now, the Lord Himself supposes Arjuna to ask the following question: Is the wheel, thus set in motion, to be followed by all, or by him only who has not yet attained to devotion in the path of knowledge which the Sankhyas or Self-knowers tread and which is attainable by the ignorant by means of devotion in the path of action already described? In answer to this question, or with a view to afford, of his own accord, a clear understanding of the teaching of the śastra, He proceeds to show that what is intended to be taught in the Gita-śastra is the same truth that is embodied in the following passage of the śruti:

evaṃ sthite kim evaṃ pravartitaṃ caktraṃ sarveṇānuvartanīyaṃ āho-svit pūrvokta-karma-yogānuṣṭhānopāya-prāpyām anātma-vidā jñāna-yogenaiva niṣṭhām ātma-vidbhiḥ sāṃkhyair anuṣṭheyām aprāptenaiva? ity evam artham arjunasya praśnam āśaṅkaya svayam eva vā śāstrārthasya viveka-pratipatty-artham

The brahmaṇas (the devotees of the Brahman, the Self), knowing this, the Self, and free from illusory knowledge, shake off all desires of progeny, &c., cherished, of necessity, by those who are still subject to illusion; and they lead a mendicant life for the barest necessaries of life. They have nothing else to do than resort to devotion to Self-knowledge.” (Bri. Up. 3-5-1).

etaṃ vai tam ātmānaṃ viditvā nivṛtta-mithyā-jñānāḥ santo brāhmaṇā mithyā-jñānavadbhyo ’vaśyaṃ kartavyebhyaḥ putraiṣaṇādibhyo vyutthāyātha bhikṣā-caryaṃ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayuktaṃ caranti | na teṣām ātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-vyatirekeṇānyat kāryam asti (Bṛh-up 3.5.1)
ity evaṃ śruty-artham iha gītā-śāstre pratipipādayiṣitam āviṣkurvann āha bhagavān –

That man, verily, who rejoices only in the Self, who is satisfied with the Self,
who is content in the Self alone, – for him there is nothing to do
.

yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād ātma-tṛptaś ca mānavaḥ |
ātmany eva ca saṃtuṣṭas tasya kāryaṃ na vidyate ||3.17||

But that man – a samnyasin, the Sankhya, one devoted to Self-knowledge – whose joy is in the Self, not in the objects of the senses; who is satisfied only with the Self, not with food-essence, &c.; who is contented in the Self;

yas tu sāṃkhya ātma-jñāna-niṣṭha ātma-ratiḥ ātmany eva ratir na viṣayeṣu yasya sa ātma-ratir eva syād bhaved ātma-tṛptaś tmanaiva tṛpto nānna-rasādinā sa mānavo manuṣyaḥ saṃnyāsī ātmany eva ca santuṣṭaḥ |

– all others derive contentment from possession of external things, whereas, disregarding these, he is content in the Self only and has no desire for anything; – for such a man, for the man who knows the Self, there is nothing to do.

santoṣo hi bāhyārtha-lābhe sarvasya bhavati, tam anapekṣya ātmany eva ca santuṣṭaḥ sarvato vīta-tṛṣṇa ity etat | ya īdṛśaḥ ātma-vit tasya kāryaṃ karaṇīyaṃ na vidyate nāstīty arthaḥ ||3.17||

 

Rāmānuja


commentary under the verse BhG 3.18

 

Śrīdhara


tad evaṃ na karmaṇām ārambhād ity-ādinā ajñasya antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhy-arthaṃ karma-yogam uktvā jñāninaḥ karmānupayogam āha yas tv iti dvābhyām | ātmany eva ratiḥ prītir yasya saḥ | tataś cātmany eva tṛptaḥ svānandānubhavena nirvṛtaḥ | ataeva ātmany eva santuṣṭo bhogāpekṣā-rahito yas tasya kartavyaṃ karma nāstīti

 

Madhusūdana


yas tv indriyārāmo na bhavati paramārtha-darśī sa evaṃ jagac-cakra-prabhṛti-hetu-bhūtaṃ karmānanutiṣṭhann api na pratyavaiti kṛtakṛtyatvād ity āha dvābhyām yas tv iti | indriyārāmo hi srak-candana-vanitādiṣu ratim anubhavati manojñānna-pānādiṣu tṛptiṃ paśu-putra-hiraṇyādi-lābhena rogādy-abhāvena ca tuṣṭim | ukta-viṣayābhāve rāgiṇām araty-atṛpty-atuṣṭi-darśanād rati-tṛpti-tuṣṭyau mano-vṛtti-viśeṣāḥ sākṣi-siddhāḥ | labdha-paramātmānanas tu dvaita-darśanābhāvād atiphalgutvāc ca viṣaya-sukhaṃ na kāmayata ity uktaṃ yāvān artha udapāne ity atra | ato ‚nātma-viṣayaka-rati-tṛpti-tuṣṭy-abhāvād ātmānaṃ paramānandam advayaṃ sākṣātkurvann upacārād evam ucyate – ātma-ratir ātma-tṛpta ātma-santuṣṭa iti | tathā ca śrutiḥ – ātma-krīḍa ātma-ratiḥ kriyāvān eva brahma-vidāṃ variṣṭhaḥ iti | ātma-tṛptaś ceti cakāra eva-kārānukarṣaṇārthaḥ | mānava iti yaḥ kaścid api manuṣya evambhūtaḥ sa eva kṛtakṛtyo na tu brāhmaṇatvādi-prakarṣeṇeti kathayitum | ātmany eva ca santuṣṭa ity atra ca-kāraḥ samuccayārthaḥ | ya evambhūtasyādhikāra-hetv-abhāvāt kim api kāryaṃ vaidikaṃ laukikaṃ vā na vidyate

 

Viśvanātha


tad evaṃ niṣkāmatvāsāmarthye sa-kāmo ‚pi karma kuryād evety uktam | yas tu śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇatvāt jñāna-bhūmikām ārūḍhaḥ sa tu nityaṃ kāmyaṃ ca na karotīty āha yas tv iti dvābhyām | ātma-ratir ātmārāmo yata ātma-tṛptaḥ ātmānandānubhavena nirvṛtaḥ | na svātmani nirvṛto bahir-viṣaya-bhoge ‚pi kiñcin nirvṛto bhavatu | atra naivety āhaātmany eva na tu bahir-viṣaya-bhoge tasya kāryaṃ kartavyatvena karma nāsti

 

Baladeva


yas tu mad-uktena niṣkāma-karmaṇā mad-upāsanena ca vimṛṣṭe citta-darpaṇe sañjātena dharma-bhūta-jñānenātmānam adarśat tasya na kiñcit karma kartavyam ity āha yas tv iti dvābhyām | ātmany apahata-pāpmatvādi-guṇāṣṭaka-viśiṣṭe sva-svarūpe avalokite ratir yasya saḥ | ātmanā sva-prakāśānandenāvalokitena tṛpto na tv anna-pānādinā | ātmany eva ca tādṛśe santuṣṭo na tu nṛtya-gītādau | tasyaivambhūtasya tad-avalokānāya kiñcit karma kartavyaṃ na vidyate sarvadāvalokitātma-svarūpatvāt

 
 



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