BhG 12.18-19

samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca tathā mānāvamānayoḥ
śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu samaḥ saṅga-vivarjitaḥ
tulya-nindā-stutir maunī saṃtuṣṭo yena kena-cit
aniketaḥ sthira-matir bhaktimān me priyo naraḥ

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analysis

syntax

[yaḥ] bhaktimān naraḥ (a man who has devotion) śatrau mitre ca (towards an enemy and a friend) samaḥ (equal),
tathā (and) mānāpamānayoḥ (towards honour and dishonour) [samaḥ] (equal),
śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu (in cold and heat, in pleasure and distress) samaḥ (equal),
saṅga-varjitaḥ (who is free from attachment) tulya-nindā-stutiḥ (for whom blame and praise are equal) maunī (silent) yena kenacit (with which something) santuṣṭaḥ (satisfied) aniketaḥ (with no residence) sthira-matiḥ (with steady thought),
[saḥ] (he) me (to me) priyaḥ [asti] (is dear).

grammar

samaḥ	–	sama sn. 1n.1 m. – the same, equal, equivalent;
śatrau	–	śatru 7n.1 m. – towards an enemy, towards a rival (from: √śad – to fall, to disperse, to kill);
ca	–	av. – and;
mitre	–	mitra 7n.1 m. – towards a friend;
ca	–	av. – and;
tathā	–	av. – in that manner, so, in like manner;
mānāvamānayoḥ	–	māna-avamāna 7n.2 m.; DV: māne ca avamāne ceti – in honour and dishonour (from: √man – to think, māna – respect, honour, pride; ava-√man – to despise, avamāna – disrespect, dishonour);
śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu	–	śīta-uṣṇa-sukha-duḥkha 7n.3 n.; DV: śīte coṣṇe ca sukhe ca duḥkhe ceti – in cold and heat, in pleasure and distress (from: śīta – cold, frigid; √uṣ – to burn, uṣṇa – hot, warm; su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous; kha – cavity, hole, nave; su-kha – joy, happiness; dur / dus – prefix: difficult, bad, hard; duḥ-kha – pain, difficulty; literally: good or bad hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving smooth or not; or from: su-√sthā and duḥ-√sthā);
samaḥ	–	sama sn. 1n.1 m. – the same, equal, equivalent;
saṅga-vivarjitaḥ	–	saṅga-vivarjita 1n.1 m.; TP: saṅgena vivarjita iti – who is free from attachment (from: (from: sam-√gam – come together or √sañj – to attach, to stick, to embrace, saṅga – clinging, contact, relation, desire, attachment; vi-√vṛj – to exclude, to avoid, caus. PP vivarjita – excluded, deprived of, without);

*****

tulya-nindā-stutiḥ	–	tulya-nindā-stuti 1n.1 m.; BV / DV: yasya nindā ca stutiś ca tulye staḥ saḥ – for whom blame and praise are equal (from: √tul – to lift, to weigh, to measure, tulā – weight, tulya – equal, the same, similar; √nind – to criticize, nindā – blame, reproach; √xstu – to praise, to sing, stuti – praise, prayer, hymn);
maunī	–	maunin 1n.1 m. – observing a vow of silence, taciturn (from: √man – to think, to imagine, muni – sage, saint, seer, mauna – silence, restrain of tongue; -in, -min, -vin – sufixes meaning one who possesses);
saṁtuṣṭaḥ	–	saṁtuṣṭa (sam-√tuṣ – to rejoice) PP 1n.1 m. – completely satisfied;
yena	–	yat sn. 3n.1 n. – with which, wherefore;
kena-cit	–	kim-cit sn. 3n.1 n. – with something (from: kim – what?; -cit – indefinitive particle);
aniketaḥ	–	a-niketa 1n.1 m.; BV: yasya niketo nāsti saḥ – who has no residence (from: niketa – mark, house, residence);
sthira-matiḥ	–	sthira-buddhi 1n.1 m.; BV: yasya matiḥ sthirāsti saḥ – whose thought is steady (from: √sthā – to stand, sthira – firm, hard, steady; √man – to think, mati – thought, opinion, view);
bhaktimān	–	bhaktiman 1n.1 m. – who has devotion (from: √bhaj – to share, to love, to rejoice, to worship, bhakta – distributed, divided, loved; worshipper, devotee, loving, bhakti – devotion, love, fondness; -mant / -vant – suffix denoting one who possesses);
me	–	asmat sn. 6n.1 – my (shortened form of: mama);
priyaḥ	–	priya 1n.1 m. – liked, dear, pleasant (from: √prī – to please);
naraḥ	–	nara 1n.1 m. – a man, a person (from: nṛ – man, mankind);

textual variants

samaḥ śatrau → sama-śatrau;
mitre → mitrau;
mānāvamānayoḥ → mānāpamānayoḥ (towards honour and dishonour);
tulya-nindā-stutir → nindā-tulya-stutir (for whom praise is equal to blame);
bhaktimān me priyo naraḥ → bhaktimān yaḥ sa me priyo (he who has devotion he is dear to me);

The second and third pada of verse 12.18 are the same as the third and fourth pada of verse BhG 6.7;

commentaries

Śāṃkara

samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca, tathā mānāpamānayoḥ pūjā-paribhavayoḥ, śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu samaḥ | sarvatra ca saṅga-vivarjitaḥ |
kiṃ ca—
tulya-nindā-stutiḥ | nindā ca stutiś ca nindā-stutī | te tulye yasya sa tulya-nindā-stutiḥ | maunī maunavān saṃyata-vāk | saṃtuṣṭaḥ yena kenacit śarīra-sthiti-hetu-mātreṇa | tathā coktaṃ—
yena kenacid ācchanno yena kenacid āśitaḥ |
yatra kvacana śāyī syāt taṃ devā brāhmaṇaṃ viduḥ || [mātrbh 12.245.12] iti |
kiṃ ca, aniketo niketa āśrayo nivāso niyato na vidyate yasya so’niketaḥ, nāgāre ity ādi-smṛty-antarāt | sthira-matiḥ sthirā paramārtha-viṣayā yasya matiḥ saḥ sthira-matiḥ | bhaktimān me priyo nara

Rāmānuja

„adveṣṭā sarvabhūtānām” ityādinā śatrumitrādiṣu dveṣādirahitatvam uktam; atra teṣu sannihiteṣv api samacittatvaṃ tato ‚py atirikto viśeṣa ucyate / ātmani sthiramatitvena niketanādiṣv asakta ity aniketaḥ; tata eva mānāvamānādiṣv api samaḥ; ya evaṃbhūto bhaktimān, sa me priyaḥ

Śrīdhara

Madhusūdana

Viśvanātha

aniketaḥ prākṛta-svāspadāsakti-śūnyaḥ

Baladeva

samaḥ śatrau ceti sphuṭārthaḥ | saṅga-varjitaḥ kusaṅga-śūnyaḥ | tulyeti nindayā duḥkhaṃ stutyā sukhaṃ ca yo na vindati | maunī yata-vāk sveṣṭa-manana-śīlo vā | yena kenacid adṛṣṭākṛṣṭena rukṣeṇa snigdhena vānnādinā santuṣṭaḥ | aniketo niyata-nivāsa-rahito niketa-moha-śūnyo vā | sthira-matir niścita-jñānaḥ | eṣv adveṣṭety ādiṣu saptasu yeṣu guṇānāṃ punar apy abhidhānaṃ tat teṣām atidaurlabhya-jñāpanārtham ity adoṣaḥ | san-niṣṭhādīnāṃ tri-vidhānāṃ bhaktānāṃ sambhūya sthitā ete ‚dveṣṭṛtvādayo dharmā yathā-sambhava-tāratamyenaiva sudhībhiḥ saṅgamanīyāḥ

translations

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