BhG 12.3-4

ye tv akṣaram anirdeśyam avyaktaṃ paryupāsate
sarvatra-gam acintyaṃ ca kūṭa-stham acalaṃ dhruvam
saṃniyamyendriya-grāmaṃ sarvatra sama-buddhayaḥ
te prāpnuvanti mām eva sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ

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syntax


ye tu (but those who) indriya-grāmam saṁniyamya (after restraining all of the senses)
sarvatra sama-buddhayaḥ (those whose intelligence is equal everywhere)
sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ (who rejoice in the welfare of all beings)
acintyam (inconceivable) anirdeśyam (indescribable) sarvatra-gam (everywhere going) kūṭa-stham (situated on top) acalam (motionless) dhruvam (fixed) avyaktam (invisible) akṣaram ca (and imperishable) paryupāsate (they worship),
te (they) mām eva (just me) prāpnuvanti (they obtain).

 

grammar

ye yat sn. 1n.3 m.those who;
tu av.but, then, or, and;
akṣaram a-kṣara 2n.1 n. imperishable, a syllable (from: kṣar – to flow, to perish, kṣara – perishable);
anirdeśyam a-nirdeśya (nir-diś – to point out, to name) PF 2n.1 n.not to be pointed out, indescribable;
avyaktam a-vyakta (vi-añj – to decorate, to make visible) PP 2n.1 m.unnmanifested, invisible;
paryupāsate pari-upa-ās (to worship, to attend upon) Praes. Ā 1v.3they worship, they attend;
sarvatra-gam sarvatra-gam 1n.1 m.; yat sarvatra gacchati tat going everywhere (from: sarva – all; av. – everywhere, in every case; indeclinable locative with an ending –tra; gam – to go, -ga – suffix: moving, going);
acintyam a-cintya (cint – to think, to consider) PF 2n.1 n.not to be thought about, inconceivable;
ca av.and;
kūṭa-stham kūṭa-stha 2n.1 n.; yat kūṭe tiṣṭhati tatsituated on top (from: kūṭa – summit, peak, heap; sthā – to stand, stha – suffix: being in);
acalam a-cala 2n.1 n.motionless (from: cal – to move, to shake, cala – moving, shaking);
dhruvam dhruva 2n.1 n.certain, fixed (from: dhṛ – to hold or dhru – to be firm);

*****

saṁniyamya sam-ni-yam (to restrain) absol.after restraining;
indriya-grāmam indriya-grāma 2n.1 m.; TP: indriyāṇāṁ grāmam itigroups of the senses (from: ind – to be powerful, indriya – the senses; grāma – collection, multitude, village);
sarvatra av.everywhere, in every case (from: sarva – all; indeclinable locative with an ending –tra);
sama-buddhayaḥ sama-buddhi 1n.3 m.; BV: yeṣāṁ buddhiḥ samāsti te whose intelligence is equal (from: sama – the same, equal, equivalent; budh – to wake, to perceive, to understand, buddhi – intelligence, thought, understanding, knowledge, idea, opinion);
te tat sn. 1n.3 m.they;
prāpnuvanti pra-āp (to obtain) Praes. P 1v.3they obtain;
mām asmat sn. 2n.1me;
eva av.certainly, just, merely;
sarva-bhūta-hite sarva-bhūta-hita 7n.1 m.; TP: sarveṣāṁ bhūtānāṁ hita iti in the welfare of all creatures (from: sarva – all, whole; bhū – to be, PP bhūta – been, real, world; dhā – to put, PP hita – set, beneficial, useful, friendly);
ratāḥ rata (ram – to play, to rejoice) PP 1n.3 m.who are pleased, who rejoice (requires locative);

 

textual variants


paryupāsate → mām upāsate (me they worship);

The fourth pada of verse 12.4 is the same as the fourth pada of verse BhG 5.25;

 
 



Śāṃkara


kim itare yuktatamā na bhavanti ? na | kiṃtu tān prati yad vaktavyam, tac chṛṇu—
ye tv akṣaram anirdeśyam, avyaktatvād aśabda-gocareti na nirdeṣṭuṃ śakyate, ato’nirdeśyam | avyaktaṃ na kenāpi pramāṇena vyajyata ity avyaktaṃ paryupāsate pari samantād upāsate | upāsanaṃ nāma yathā-śāstram upāsyasyārthasya viṣayī-karaṇena sāmīpyam upagamya taila-dhārāvat samāna-pratyaya-pravāheṇa dīrgha-kālaṃ yad āsanam, tad upāsanam ācakṣate | akṣarasya viśeṣaṇam āha—sarvatra-gaṃ vyomavad vyāpy acintyaṃ cāvyaktatvād acintyam | yad dhi karaṇa-gocaram, tan manasāpi cintyam, tad-viparītatvād acintyam akṣaram, kūṭa-sthaṃ dṛśyamāna-guṇam antar-doṣaṃ vastu kūṭam | kūṭa-rūpaṃ kūṭa-sākṣyam ity ādau kūṭa-śabdaḥ prasiddho loke | tathā cāvidyādy-aneka-saṃsāra-bījam antar-doṣavan māyā-vyākṛtādi-śabda-vācyatayā māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyān māyinaṃ tu maheśvaraṃ [śāstrvetuttaṃ 4.10], mama māyā duratyayā [gītā 7.14] ity ādau prasiddhaṃ yat tat kūṭam, tasmin kūṭe sthitaṃ kūṭa-sthaṃ tad-adhyakṣatayā | athavā, rāśir iva sthitaṃ kūṭa-stham ata evācalam | yasmād acalam, tasmād dhruvam, nityam ity arthaḥ ||12.3||
saṃniyamya samyak niyamya upasaṃhṛtya indriya-grāmam indriya-samudāyaṃ sarvatra sarvasmin kāle sama-buddhayaḥ samā tulyā buddhir yeṣām iṣṭāniṣṭa-prāptau te sama-buddhayaḥ | te ye evaṃ-vidhās te prāpnuvanti mām eva sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ | na tu teṣāṃ vaktavyaṃ kiṃcit māṃ te prāpnuvantīti | jñānī tv ātmaiva me matam iti hy uktam | na hi bhagavat-svarūpāṇāṃ satāṃ yuktatamatvam ayuktatamatvaṃ vā vācyam
 

Rāmānuja


commentary under the verse BhG 12.5
 

Śrīdhara


tarhītare kiṃ na śreṣṭhā iti ? ata āha ye tv iti dvābhyām | ye tv akṣaram paryupāsate dhyāyanti te ‚pi mām eva prāpnuvantīti dvayor anvayaḥ | akṣarasya lakṣaṇam anirdeśyam ity ādi | anirdeśyaṃ śabdena nirdeṣṭum aśakyam | yato ‚vyaktaṃ rūpādi-hīnam | sarvatra-gaṃ sarva-vyāpi | avyaktatvād evācintyam | kūṭasthaṃ kūṭe māyā-prapañce ‚dhiṣṭhānatvenāvasthitam | acalaṃ spandana-rahitam | ataeva dhruvaṃ nityaṃ vṛddhy-ādi-rahitam | spaṣṭam anyat
 

Madhusūdana


nirguṇa-brahma-vid-apekṣayā saguṇa-brahma-vidāṃ ko ‚tiśayo yena ta eva yuktatmās tavābhimatā ity apekṣāyāṃ tam atiśayaṃ vaktuṃ tan nirūpakān nirguṇa-brahma-vidaḥ prastauti ye tv iti dvābhyām | ye ‚kṣaram mām upāsate te ‚pi mām eva prāpnuvantīti dvitīya-gatenānvayaḥ | pūrvebhyo vailakṣaṇya-dyotanāya tu-śabdaḥ | akṣaraṃ nirviśeṣaṃ brahma vācaknavī-brāhmaṇe prasiddhaṃ tasya samarpaṇāya sapta viśeṣaṇāni | anirdeśyaṃ śabdena vyapadeṣṭum aśakyaṃ yato ‚vyaktaṃ śabda-pravṛtter nirviśeṣe pravṛtty-ayogāt | kuto jātyādi-rāhityam ata āha sarvatra-gaṃ sarva-vyāpi sarva-kāraṇam | ato jātyādi-śūnyaṃ paricchinnasya kāryasyaiva jātyādi-yoga-darśanāt | ākāśādīnām api kāryatvābhyupagamāc ca | ataevācintyaṃ śabda-vṛtter iva mano-vṛtter api na viṣayaḥ | tasyā api paricchinna-viṣayatvāt | yato vāco nivartante | aprāpya manasā saha iti śruteḥ |
tarhi kathaṃ taṃ tv aupaniṣadaṃ puruṣaṃ pṛcchāmi iti | dṛśyate tv agryayā buddhyā iti ca śrutiḥ | śāstra-yonitvāt iti sūtraṃ ca | ucyate, avidyā-kalpita-sambandhena śabda-janyāyāṃ buddhi-vṛttau caramāyāṃ paramānanda-bodha-rūpe śuddhe vastuni pratibimbite ‚vidyā-tat-kāryayoḥ kalpitayor nivṛtty-upapatter upacāreṇa viṣayatvābhidhānāt | atas tatra kalpitam aivdyā-sambandhaṃ pratipādayitum āha kūṭasthaṃ, yan mithyā-bhūtaṃ satyatayā pratīyate tat-kūṭam iti lokair ucyate | yathā kūṭa-kārṣā-paṇaḥ kūṭa-sākṣitvam ity ādau | ajñānam api māyākhyaṃ saha kārya-prapañcena mithyā-bhūtam api laukikaiḥ satyatayā pratīyamānaṃ kūṭaṃ tasminn ādhyāsikena sambandhenādhiṣṭhānatayā tiṣṭhatīti kūṭastham ajñāna-tat-kāryādhiṣṭhānam ity arthaḥ | etena sarvānupapatti-parihāraḥ kṛtaḥ | ataeva sarva-vikārāṇām avidyā-kalpitatvāt tad-adhiṣṭhānam sākṣi-caitanyaṃ nirvikāram ity āha acalaṃ calanaṃ vikāraḥ | acalatvād eva dhruvam apariṇāmi nityam | etādṛśaṃ śuddhaṃ brahma māṃ paryupāsate śravaṇena pramāṇa-gatām asambhāvanām apohya mananena ca prameya-gatām anantaraṃ viparīta-bhāvanā-nivṛttaye dhyāyanti vijātīya-pratyaya-tiraskāreṇa taila-dhārāvad avicchinna-samāna-pratyaya-tiraskāreṇa taila-dhārāvad avicchinna-samāna-pratyaya-pravāheṇa nididhyāsana-saṃjñakena dhyānena viṣayīkurvantity arthaḥ |
kathaṃ punar viṣayendriya-saṃyoge sati vijātīya-pratyaya-tiraskāro ‚ta āha saṃniyamya sva-viṣayebhya upasaṃhṛtyendriya-grāmaṃ karaṇa-samudāyam | etena śama-damādi-sampattir uktā |
viṣaya-bhoga-vāsanāyāṃ satyāṃ kuta indriyāṇāṃ tato nivṛttis tatrāha sarvatra viṣaye samā tulyā harṣa-viṣādābhyāṃ rāga-dveṣābhyāṃ ca rahitā matir yeṣāṃ samyag-jñānena tat-kāraṇasyājñānasyāpanītatvād viṣayeṣu doṣa-darśanābhyāsena spṛhāyā nirasanāc ca te sarvatra sama-buddhayaḥ | etena vaśīkāra-saṃjñā vairāgyam uktam | ataeva sarvatrātma-dṛṣṭyā hiṃsā-kāraṇa-dveṣa-rahitatvāt sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ abhayaṃ sarva-bhūtebhyo mattaḥ svahā iti mantreṇa datta-sarva-bhūtābhaya-dakṣiṇāḥ kṛta-saṃnyāsā iti yāvat abhayaṃ sarva-bhūtebhyo dattvā saṃnyāsam ācaret iti smṛteḥ | evaṃvidhāḥ sarva-sādhana-sampannāḥ santaḥ svayaṃ brahma-bhūtā nirvicikitsena sākṣātkāreṇa sarva-sādhana-phala-bhūtena mām akṣaraṃ brahmaiva te prāpnuvanti | pūrvam api mad-rūpā eva santo ‚vidyā-nivṛttyā mad-rūpā eva tiṣṭhantīty arthaḥ | brahmaiva san brahmāpy eti, brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati ity-ādi-śrutibhyaḥ | ihāpi ca jñānī tv ātmaiva me matam [Gītā 7.14] ity uktam
 

Viśvanātha


madīya-nirviśeṣa-brahma-svarūpopāsakās tu duḥkhitatvāt tato nyūnā ity āha ye tv iti dvābhyām | akṣaraṃ brahma anirdeśya-śabdena vyapadeṣṭum aśakyam | yato ‚vyaktaṃ rūpādi-hīnam | sarvatra-gaṃ sarva-deśa-vyāpi | acintyaṃ tarkāgamyam | kūṭasthaṃ sarva-kāla-vyāpi | eka-rūpatayā tu yaḥ kāla-vyāpi sa kūṭasthaḥ ity amaraḥ | acalaṃ vṛddhy-ādi-rahitam | dhruvaṃ nityam | mām evety akṣarasya tasya matto bhedābhāvāt
 

Baladeva


ye tu sva-sākṣāt-kṛti-pūrvikāṃ mad-upāsanāṃ na kurvanti, teṣām api mat-prāptiḥ syād eva kintv atikleśenāticireṇaivāntas tebhyo ‚pakṛṣṭās ta ity āha ye tv iti tribhiḥ | ye tv akṣara-svātma-caitanyam eva pūrvam upāsate | teṣām adhikataraḥ kleśa iti sambandhaḥ | akṣaraṃ viśinaṣṭi anirdeśyaṃ dehād bhinnatvena dehābhidhāyibhir deva-mānavādi-śabdair nirdeṣṭum aśakyam | avyaktaṃ cakṣur-ādy-agocaraṃ pratyak sarvatra-gaṃ dehendriya-prāṇa-vyāpi | acintyaṃ tarkāgamyaṃ śruti-mātra-vedyam jñāna-svarūpam eva jñātṛ-svarūpam acalaṃ jñānatvād api calana-rahitam | dhruvaṃ paramātmaika-śeṣatāyāṃ sarvadā sthiram | akṣaropāsane vidhim āha saṃniyamyeti | karaṇa-grāmaṃ śrotrādīndriya-vṛndaṃ saṃniyamya śabdādi-saṃcārebhyas tad-vyāpārebhyaḥ pratyāhṛtya sarvatra suhṛn-mitrāry-udāsīnādiṣu sama-buddhayas tulya-dṛṣṭayaḥ | yad vā, sarveṣu cetanācetaneṣu vastuṣu sthite same brahmaṇi buddhir yeṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ hite upakāre ratāḥ sarveṣāṃ śaṃ bhūyād iti yathāyathaṃ yatamānāḥ evaṃ svātma-sākṣātkṛti-pūrvikāyāṃ mad-bhaktau mad-arpita-karma-lakṣaṇāyāṃ ye pravartante, te ‚pi mām eva pāramaiśvarya-pradhānaṃ prāpunuvantīti nāsti saṃśayaḥ
 
 



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