BhG 11.18

tvam akṣaraṃ paramaṃ veditavyaṃ tvam asya viśvasya paraṃ nidhānam
tvam avyayaḥ śāśvata-dharma-goptā sanātanas tvaṃ puruṣo mato me

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syntax


tvam (you) veditavyam (to be known) paramam akṣaram (the supreme imperishable) [asi] (you are),
tvam (you) asya viśvasya (of this all) param nidhānam (supreme resting place) [asi] (you are),
tvam (you) avyayaḥ (unchangeable) śāśvata-dharma-goptā (the protector of the eternal law) [asi] (you are),
tvam (you) sanātanaḥ puruṣaḥ (eternal person) [asi] (you are),
[iti] me mataḥ (my opinion) [asti] (it is).

 

grammar

tvam yuṣmat sn. 1n.1you;
akṣaram a-kṣara 1n.1 n. imperishable, a syllable (from: kṣar – to flow, to perish, kṣara – perishable);
paramam parama 1n.1 n.supreme, the highest (superlative of: para – beyond, ancient, final, the best, the supreme);
veditavyam veditavya (vid – to know, to understand) PF 1n.1 m.to be known;
tvam yuṣmat sn. 1n.1you;
asya idam sn. 6n.1 m.of this;
viśvasya viśva 6n.1 m.of all, whole, world (from: viś – to enter);
param para 1n.1 n.beyond, ancient, final, the best, the supreme;
nidhānam nidhāna 1n.1 n.storage place, receptacle, treasure (from: ni-dhā – to put, to deposit);
tvam yuṣmat sn. 1n.1you;
avyayaḥ a-vyaya 1n.1 m.unchangeable (from: vi-i – to go away, to disappear, vyaya – going away, changeable, expense);
śāśvata-dharma-goptā śāśvata-dharma-goptṛ 1n.1 m.; TP: śaśvatasya dharmasya gopteti protector of the eternal law (from: śaśvat – eternal, perpetual, numerous, śāśvata – eternal, permanent; dhṛ – to hold, dharma – the law; xgup – to guard, to protect; goptṛ – protector);
sanātanaḥ sanātana 1n.1 m.eternal, primeval;
tvam yuṣmat sn. 1n.1you;
puruṣaḥ puruṣa 1n.1 m.a person (from: pur – to precede, to lead or pṝ – to fill, to nourish, puru – abundance, pūru – people);
mataḥ mata (man – to think) PP 1n.1 m. regarded, esteemed; thought, opinion, view;
me asmat sn. 6n.1my (shortened form of: mama);

 

textual variants


śāśvata-dharma-goptā → sātvata-dharma-goptā / śaśvata-dharma-goptā (the protector of the law of the Sātvatas);
puruṣo → puruṣa (O Man!);
 
 



Śāṃkara


ita eva te yoga-śakti-darśanāt anuminomi—
tvam akṣaraṃ na kṣaratīti, paramaṃ brahma veditavyaṃ jñātavyaṃ mumukṣubhiḥ | tvam asya viśvasya samastasya jagataḥ paraṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ nidhānaṃ nidhīyate’sminn iti nidhānaṃ para āśraya ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca, tvam avyayo na tava vyayo vidyata ity avyayaḥ | śāśvata-dharma-goptā śaśvad-bhavaḥ śāśvato nityo dharmas tasya goptā śāśvata-dharma-goptā | sanātanaś cirantanas tvaṃ puruṣaḥ paramaḥ mato’bhipretaḥ me mama
 

Rāmānuja


upaniṣatsu, „dve vidye veditavye” ityādiṣu veditavyatayā nirdiṣṭaṃ paramam akṣaraṃ tvam eva; asya viśvasya paraṃ nidhānam viśvasyāsya paramādhārabhūtas tvam eva; tvam avyayaḥ vyayarahitaḥ; yat svarūpo yadguṇo yadvibhavaś ca tvam, tenaiva rūpeṇa sarvadāvatiṣṭhase / śāśvatadharmagoptā śāśvatasya nityasya vaidikasya dharmasya evam ādibhir avatārais tvam eva goptā / sanātanas tvaṃ puruṣo mato me „vedāham etaṃ puruṣaṃ mahāntaṃ”, „parāt paraṃ puruṣam” ityādiṣūditaḥ sanātanapuruṣas tvam eveti me mataḥ jñātaḥ / yad ukulatilakas tvam evaṃbhūta idānīṃ sākṣātkṛto mayetyarthaḥ
 

Madhusūdana


evaṃ tavātarkya-niratiśayiśvarya-darśanād anuminomi tvam iti | tvam evākṣaraṃ paramaṃ brahma veditavyaṃ mumukṣubhir vedānta-śravaṇādinā | tvam evāsya viśvasya paraṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ nidhīyate ‚sminn iti nidhānam āśrayaḥ | ataeva tvam avyayo nityaḥ | śāśvatasya nitya-veda-pratipādyatayāsya dharmasya goptā pālayitā | śāśvateti sambodhanaṃ vā | tasmin pakṣe ‚vyayo vināśa-rahitaḥ | ataeva sanātanaś cirantanaḥ puruṣo yaḥ paramātmā sa eva tvaṃ me mato vidito ‚si
 

Viśvanātha


veditavyaṃ muktair jñeyam yad akṣaraṃ brahma-tattvam | nidhānaṃ laya-sthānam
 

Baladeva


acintya-mahaiśvarya-vīkṣaṇāt tvam aham evaṃ niścinomīty āha tvam iti | atha parā yayā tad akṣaram adhigamyate, yat tad adṛśyam [MuṇḍU 1.5-6] ity ādi-vedānta-vākyair veditavyaṃ yat paramaṃ sa-śrīkam akṣaraṃ tattvam eva nidhānam āśrayo ‚vyayas tvam avināśī śāśvata-dharma-goptā vedokta-dharma-pālakas tvam | sa kāraṇaṃ kāraṇādhipādhipo na cāsya kaścij janitā na cādhipaḥ [ŚvetU 6.9] iti mantra-varṇoktaḥ sanātanaḥ purāṇaḥ puruṣas tvam eva
 
 



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