BhG 2.2

śrī-bhagavān uvāca
kutas tvā kaśmalam idaṃ viṣame samupasthitam
anārya-juṣṭam asvargyam akīrti-karam arjuna

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analysis

syntax

śrī-bhagavān (the glorious Lord) uvāca (he spoke):
he arjuna (O Arjuna!),
viṣame (in danger) idaṁ (this) anārya-juṣṭam (not befitting the noble ones) asvargyam (not leading to heaven) akīrti-karam (causing infamy) kaśmalam (impurity) kutaḥ (how?) tvā (to you) samupasthitam (has come).

grammar

śrī-bhagavān	–	śrī-bhagavant 1n.1 m.; TP: śriyā yukto bhagavān iti – the Lord united with majesty (from: śrī – lustre, majesty, fortune; √bhaj – to share, to love, to rejoice, to worship, bhaga – a share, good fortune, opulence; -mant / -vant – suffix denoting one who possesses, bhagavant – who possesses opulence);
uvāca	–	√vac (to speak) Perf. P 1v.1 – he spoke;
kutaḥ	–	av. – from where, how? (from: kim – what? indeclinable ablative with an ending -tas)
tvā	–	yuṣmat sn. 2n.1 – to you (shortened form of: tvām);
kaśmalam	–	kaśmala 1n.1 n. – impurity, weakness, despair;
idam	–	idam sn. 1n.1 n. – this;
viṣame	–	viṣama 7n.1 n. – in critical situation, in danger (from: vi-sama – not the same);
samupasthitam	–	sam-upa-sthita (from: upa-√sthā – to stand near) PP 1n.1 n. – that approached and stood near, attained;
anārya-juṣṭam	–	an-ārya-juṣṭa 1n.1 n.; TP: anāryair juṣṭam iti – not befitting the noble ones (from: ā-√ṛ – to go up, ārya – noble; √juṣ – to favour, to like, to rejoice, PP juṣṭa – liked)
asvargyam	–	a-svargya 1n.1 n. – not leading to heaven (from: √sūr – to hurt, to be firm, sūra – the sun, a wise man, svar – heaven, svar-ga – leading to heaven, heaven, svar-gya – heavenly, leading to heaven);
akīrti-karam	–	a-kīrti-kara 1n.1 n.; TP: akīrtiṁ karam iti – causing infamy (from: √kīrt – to praise, to glorify, kīrti – fame; √kṛ – to do, kara – a a doer, cause);
arjuna	–	arjuna 8n.1 m. – white, clear, Arjuna;

textual variants

tvā →tvāṃ (to you);

commentaries

Śāṁkara

no commentary up to the verse BhG 2.10

Rāmānuja

commentary under the verse BhG 2.3

Madhva

no commentary up to the verse BhG 2.11

Śrīdhara

tad eva vākyam āha śrī-bhagavān uvāca kuta iti | kuto hetos tvā tvāṃ viṣame saṅkaṭe idaṃ kuśalaṃ samupasthitam ayaṃ mohaḥ prāptaḥ, yata āryair asevitam | asvargyam adharmyam ayaśaskaraṃ ca

Madhusūdana

tad eva bhagavato vākyam avatārayati kutas tveti |
aiśvaryasya samagrasya dharmasya yaśasaḥ śriyaḥ |
vairāgyasyātha mokṣasya ṣaṇṇāṃ bhaga itīṅganā || [ViP 6.74]
samagasyeti pratyekaṃ sambandhaḥ | mokṣasyeti tat-sādhanasya jñānasya | iṅganā saṃjñā | etādṛśaṃ samagramaiśvaryādikaṃ nityam apratibandhena yatra vartate sa bhagavān | nitya-yoge matup | tathā-
utpattiṃ ca vināśaṃ ca bhūtānām āgatiṃ gatim |
vetti vidyām avidyāṃ ca sa vācyo bhagavān iti || [ViP 6.78]
atra bhūtānām iti pratyekaṃ sambadhyate | utpatti-vināśa-śabdau tat-kāraṇasyāpy upalakṣakau | āgati-gatī āgaminyau sampadāpadau | etādṛśo bhagavac-chabdārthaḥ śrī-vāsudeva eva paryavasita iti tathocyate |
idaṃ svadharmāt parāṅmukhatvaṃ kṛpā-vyāmohāśru-pātādi-puraḥ-saraṃ kaśmalaṃ śiṣṭa-garhitatvena malinaṃ viṣame sa-bhaye sthāne tvā tvāṃ sarva-kṣatriya-pravaraṃ kuto hetoḥ samupasthitaṃ prāptam ? kiṃ mokṣecchātaḥ ? kiṃ vā svargecchātaḥ ? iti kiṃ-śabdenākṣipyate | hetu-trayam api niṣedhati tribhir viśesaṇair uttarārdhena | āryair mumukṣubhir na juṣṭam asevitam | sva-dharmair āśaya-śuddhi-dvārā moks icchadbhir apakva-kaṣāyair mumukṣubhiḥ kathaṃ sva-dharmas tyājya ity arthaḥ | saṃnyāsādhikārī tu pakva-kaṣāyo ‚gre vakṣyate | asvargyaṃ svarga-hetu-dharma-virodhitvān na svargecchayā sevyam | akīrtikaraṃ kīrty-abhāva-karam apakīrtikaraṃ vā na kīrtīcchayā sevyam | tathā ca mokṣa-kāmaiḥ svarga-kāmaiḥ kīrti-kāmaiś ca varjanīyam | tat kāma eva tvaṃ sevasva ity aho anucitaṃ ceṣṭitaṃ taveti bhāvaḥ ||2||

Viśvanātha

Baladeva

tad vākyam anuvadati śrī-bhagavān iti |
aiśvaryasya samagrasya dharmasya yaśasaḥ śriyaḥ |
vairāgyasyātha mokṣasya ṣaṇṇāṃ bhaga itīṅganā || [ViP 6.74]
iti parāśaroktaiśvaryādibhiḥ ṣaḍbhir nityaṃ viśiṣṭaḥ | samagrasyety etat ṣaṭsu yojyam | he arjuna ! idaṃ sva-dharma-vaimukhyaṃ kaśmalaṃ śiṣṭa-nindyatvān malinaṃ kuto hetos tvāṃ kṣatriya-cūḍāmaṇiṃ samupasthitam abhūt ? viṣame yuddha-samaye | na ca mokṣāya svargāya kīrtaye vaitad-yuddha-vairāgyam ity āha anāryeti | āryair mumukṣubhir na juṣṭam sevitam | āryāḥ khalu hṛd-viśuddhaye svadharmān ācaranti | asvargyaṃ svargopalambhaka-dharma-viruddham | akīrti-karaṃ kīrti-viplāvakam

translations

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