BhG 2.34
akīrtiṃ cāpi bhūtāni kathayiṣyanti te ‘vyayām
saṃbhāvitasya cākīrtir maraṇād atiricyate
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syntax
bhūtāni ca (and people) te (your) avyayām (imperishable) akīrtim api (even infamy) kathayiṣyanti (they will tell).
sambhāvitasya ca (and of one who is honoured) akīrtiḥ (infamy) maraṇāt (than death) atiricyate (it is superior).
grammar
| akīrtim | – | a-kīrti 2n.1 f. – infamy, disgrace (from: √kīrt – to praise, to glorify); |
| ca | – | av. – and; |
| api | – | av. – although, moreover, besides, even; |
| bhūtāni | – | bhūta 1n.3 n. – creatures, people (from: √bhū – to be, PP bhūta – been, real, world); |
| kathayiṣyanti | – | √kath (to tell, to narrate) Fut. P 1v.3 – they will tell; |
| te | – | yuṣmat sn. 6n.1 – your (shortened form of: tava); |
| avyayām | – | a-vyayā 2n.1 f. – imperishable, unchangeable (from: vi-√i – to go away, to disappear, vyaya – going away, changeable, expense); |
| saṁbhāvitasya | – | saṁ-bhāvita 6n.1 m. – of one who is honoured (from: sam-√bhū – to come together, to be born, to be adequate, PP caus. sam-bhāvita – honoured, considered, adequate); |
| ca | – | av. – and; |
| akīrtiḥ | – | a-kīrti 1n.1 f. – infamy, disgrace (from: √kīrt – to praise, to glorify); |
| maraṇāt | – | maraṇa 5n.1 n. – than death (from: √mṛ – to die); |
| atiricyate | – | ati-√ric (to surpass, to predominate) Praes. pass. 1v.1 – it is superior; |
Śāṃkara
The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic
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Not only will you have given up your duty and fame, but also, |
na kevalaṃ svadharma-kīrti-parityāgaḥ – | |
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People, too, will recount thy everlasting infamy; |
akīrtiṃ cāpi bhūtāni kathayiṣyanti te ’vyayām | saṃbhāvitasya cākīrtir maraṇād atiricyate ||2.34|| |
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People, too, will recount your infamy, which will survive you long. To him who has been esteemed as a hero and as a righteous man and as one possessing other such noble qualities, death is preferable to infamy. |
akīrtiṃ cāpi bhūtāni kathayiṣyanti te tava avyayāṃ dīrgha-kālām | dharmātmā śūra ity evam ādibhiḥ guṇaiḥ saṃbhāvitasya ca akīrtiḥ maraṇāt atiricyate | saṃbhāvitasya ca akīrteḥ varaṃ maraṇam ity arthaḥ ||2.34|| |
Rāmānuja
na kevalaṃ niratiśaya-sukha-kīrti-hāni-mātram | api tu pārtho yuddhe prārabdhe palāyita ity avyayāṃ sarva-deśa-kāla-vyāpinīm akīrtiṃ ca samarthāni asamarthāni sarvāṇi bhūtāni kathayiṣyanti tataḥ kim iti cet, śaurya-vīrya-parākramādibhiḥ sarva-saṃbhāvitasya tad iva paryāyajā hi akīrtir maraṇād atiricyate | evaṃ-vidhāyā akīrteḥ maraṇam eva tava śreya ity arthaḥ
Śrīdhara
kiṃ ca akīrtim ity ādi | avyayām śāśvatīm | saṃbhāvitasya bahu-matasya | atiricyate adhikatarā bhavati
Madhusūdana
evaṃ kīrti-dharmayor iṣṭayor aprāptir aniṣṭasya ca pāpasya prāptir yuddha-parityāge darśitā | tatra pāpākhyam aniṣṭaṃ vyavadhānena duḥkha-phaladam āmutrikatvāt | śiṣṭa-garhā-lakṣaṇaṃ tv aniṣṭam āsanna-phaladam atyasahyam ity āha akīrtim iti | bhūtāni devarṣi-manuṣyādīni te tavāvyayāṃ dīrgha-kālam akīrtiṃ na dharmātmāyaṃ na śūro ‚yam ity evaṃ-rūpāṃ kathayiṣyanty anyonyaṃ kathā-prasaṅge | kīrti-dharma-nāśa-samuccayārthau nipātau | na kevalaṃ kīrti-dharmau hitvā pāpaṃ prāpsyasi api tu akīrtiṃ ca prāpsyasi | na kevalaṃ tvam eva tāṃ prāpsyasi api tu bhūtāny api kathayiṣyantīti vā nipātayor arthaḥ |
nanu yuddhe sva-maraṇa-sandehāt tat-parihārārtham akīrtir api soḍhavyā ātma-rakṣaṇasyātyantāpekṣitatvāt | tathā coktaṃ śānti-parvaṇi-
sāmnā dānena bhedena samastair atha vā pṛthak |
vijetuṃ prayatetārīn na yuddhena kadā cana ||
anityo vijayo yasmād dṛśyate yudhyamānayoḥ |
parājayaś ca saṃgrāme tasmād yuddhaṃ vivarjayet ||
trayāṇām apy upāyānāṃ pūrvoktānām asaṃbhave |
tathā yudhyeta saṃpanno vijayeta ripūn yathā || [ManuS 7.198-200]
evam eva manunāpy uktam |
tathā ca maraṇa-bhītasya kim akīrti-duḥkham iti śaṅkām apanudati sambhāvitasya dharmātmā śūra ity evam ādibhir ananya-labhyair guṇair bahumatasya janasyākīrtir maraṇād apy atiricyate ‚dhikā bhavati | co hetau | evaṃ yasmād ato ‚kīrter maraṇam eva varaṃ nyūnatvāt | tvam apy atirsambhāvito ‚si mahādevādi-samāgamena | ato nākīrti-duḥkhaṃ soḍhuṃ śakṣyasīty abhiprāyaḥ | udāhṛta-vacanaṃ tv artha-śāstratvāt na nivarteta saṅgrāmāt [Manu 7.88] ity ādi-dharma-śāstrād durbalam iti bhāvaḥ
Baladeva
na kevalaṃ svadharmasya kīrteś ca kṣati-mātram | yuddhe samārabdhe ‚rjunaḥ palāyata ity avyayāṃ śāśvatīm akīrtiṃ ca tava bhūtāni sarve lokāḥ kathayiṣyanti | nanu maraṇād bhītena mayā akīrtiḥ soḍhavyeti cet tatrāha sambhāvitasyātipratiṣṭhitasya | atiricyate adhikā bhavati | tathā ca tādṛśākīṛter maraṇam eva varam iti
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