yayā svapnaṃ bhayaṃ śokaṃ viṣādaṃ madam eva ca
na vimuñcati durmedhā dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī
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he pārtha (O son of Pṛthā!),
durmedhāḥ (fool) yayā [
dhṛtyā]
(by which firmness) svapnam (sleep) bhayam (fear) śokam (sorrow) viṣādam (dejection) madam eva ca (and indeed madness) na vimuñcati (he does not give up),
sā dhṛtiḥ (that firmness) tāmasī [
asti]
(is tamasic).
| yayā |
– |
yat sn. 3n.1 f. – by which; |
| svapnam |
– |
svapna 2n.1 m. – sleep (from: √svap – to sleep); |
| bhayam |
– |
bhaya 2n.1 n. – fear (from: √bhī – to scare); |
| śokam |
– |
śoka 2n.1 m. – sorrow, heat (from: √śuc – to grieve, to burn); |
| viṣādam |
– |
viṣāda 2n.1 m. – sorrow, despair, dejection (from: vi-√sad – to grieve, to be dejected); |
| madam |
– |
mada 2n.1 m. – intoxication, madness, pride, arrogance (from: √mad – to enjoy, to delight, to delude); |
| eva |
– |
av. – certainly, just, merely; |
| ca |
– |
av. – and; |
| na |
– |
av. – not; |
| vimuñcati |
– |
vi-√muc (to liberate, to release) Praes. P 1v.1 – he gives up, he releases; |
| durmedhāḥ |
– |
dur-medhas 2n.1 m. – fool, ignorant (from: dur / dus – prefix: difficult, bad, hard; medhas = medhā – intelligence, understanding, sacrifice); |
| dhṛtiḥ |
– |
dhṛti 1n.1 f. – firmness, determination (√dhṛ – to hold, PP dhṛta – held); |
| sā |
– |
tat sn. 1n.1 f. – that; |
| pārtha |
– |
pārtha 8n.1 m. – O son of Pṛthā (from: √pṛth – to extend, pṛthā – Kuntī, mother of the sons of Pāṇḍu); |
| tāmasī |
– |
tāmasī 1n.1 f. – pertaining to tamas, tamasic (from: √tam – to choke, to faint, to perish, to stop; tamas – darkness, gloom, dullness, passivity, one of the three guṇas); |
yayā → yathā (as);
svapnaṁ → svāsthyaṁ / svapna- / svapnaḥ (good state / sleep / sleepy);
śokaṁ → krodhaṁ / śokaḥ (anger / sorrowful);
madaṁ → moham / damam (bewilderment / sense-control);
pārtha tāmasī → tāmasī matā / tāmasī smṛtā (considered tamasic / known as tamasic);
yayā svapnaṃ nidrāṃ bhayaṃ trāsaṃ śokaṃ viṣādaṃ viṣaṇṇatāṃ madaṃ viṣaya-sevām ātmano bahu-manyamāno matta iva madam eva ca manasi nityam eva kartavya-rūpatayā kurvan na vimuñcayati dhārayaty eva durmedhāḥ kutsita-medhāḥ puruṣo yaḥ, tasya dhṛtir yā sā tāmasī matā
yayā dhṛtyā /svapnaṃ nidrām / madaṃ viṣayānubhavajanitaṃ madam / svapnamadav uddiśya pravṛttā manaḥprāṇādīnāṃ kriyāḥ durmedhā na vimuñcati dhārayati / bhayaśokaviṣādaśabdāś ca bhayaśokādidāyiviṣayaparāḥ; tatsādhanabhūtāś ca manaḥprāṇādikriyā yayā dhārayate, sā dhṛtis tāmasī
tāmasīṃ dhṛtim āha yayeti duṣṭāviveka-bahulā medhā yasya sa durmedhāḥ puruṣo yayā dhṛtyā svapnādīn na vimuñcati punaḥ punar āvartayati | svapno ‚tra nidrā sā dhṛtis tāmasī
no commentary up to the verse BhG 18.37
yayā svapnādīn na vimuñcati durmedhās tān dhārayaty eva, sā dhṛtis tāmasī | svapno nidrā, mado viṣaya-bhoga-jo garvaḥ | svapnādi-śabdais tad-dhetu-bhūtā manaḥ-prāṇendriya-kriyā yayā dhārayate sā tāmasī dhṛtir ity arthaḥ
