BhG 18.28

ayuktaḥ prākṛtaḥ stabdhaḥ śaṭho naikṛtiko lasaḥ
viṣādī dīrgha-sūtrī ca kartā tāmasa ucyate

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syntax


ayuktaḥ (not engaged) prākṛtaḥ (vulgar) stabdhaḥ (arrogant) śaṭhaḥ (cheater) naikṛtikaḥ (dishonest) alasaḥ (lazy) viṣādī (dejected) dīrgha-sūtrī ca (and slow) kartā (a doer) tāmasaḥ (tamasic) ucyate (he is called).

 

grammar

ayuktaḥ a-yukta (yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage) PP 1n.1 m.not yoked, not endowed with, not suited, not engaged;
prākṛtaḥ prākṛta 1n.1 m.natural, ordinary, vulgar (from: pra-kṛ – to produce, prakṛti – nature, primary substance, original cause);
stabdhaḥ stabdha (stambh – to stand firmly, to stop) PP 1n.1 m.fixed, puffed up, arrogant;
śaṭhaḥ śaṭha 1n.1 m.cheater, rogue, wicked (from: ???);
naikṛtikaḥ naikṛtika 1n.1 m.dishonest, insulting, destroying (from: ni-kṛ – to bring down, to humiliate, to overcome);
alasaḥ alasa 1n.1 m.inactive, without energy, lazy (from: las – to shine, to glitter, to play);
viṣādī viṣādin 1n.1 m.dejected, sad (from: vi-sad – to grieve, to be dejected; viṣāda – sorrow, despair; -in, -min, -vin – sufixes meaning one who possesses);
dīrgha-sūtrī dīrgha-sūtrin 1n.1 m.slow, dilatory (from: dīrgha – long, great, deep; siv – to sew, to stitch, to join, sūtra – thread, line, short sentence; -in, -min, -vin – sufixes meaning one who possesses);
ca av.and;
kartā kartṛ 1n.1 m.a doer (from: kṛ – to do);
tāmasaḥ tāmasa 1n.1 m. related to tamas, tamasic (from: tam – to choke, to faint, to perish, to stop; tamas – darkness, gloom, dullness, passivity, one of the three guṇas);
ucyate vac (to speak) Praes. pass. 1v.1it is said;

 

textual variants


naikṛtiko naiṣkṛtiko / naiḥ-kṛtiko (neglecting);
dīrgha-sūtrī → dīrgha-sūtraś (whose thread [of activity] is long);
 
 



Śāṃkara


ayukto na yukto’samāhitaḥ | prākṛto’tyantāsaṃskṛta-buddhir bāla-samaḥ | stabdho daṇḍāvat na namati kasmaicit | śaṭhaḥ māyāvī śakti-gūhana-kārī | naikṛtikaḥ para-vibhedana-paraḥ | alaso’pravṛtti-śīlaḥ kartavyeṣv api | viṣādī viṣādavān sarvadāvasanna-svabhāvaḥ | dīrgha-sūtrī ca kartavyānāṃ dīrgha-prasāraṇaḥ sarvadā manda-svabhāvaḥ, yad adya śvo vā kartavyaṃ tan māsenāpi na karoti | yaś caivambhūtaḥ, sa kartā tāmasa ucyate
 

Rāmānuja


ayuktaḥ śāstrīyakarmāyogyaḥ, vikarmasthaḥ, prākṛtaḥ anadhigatavidyaḥ, stabdhaḥ anārambhaśīlaḥ, śaṭhaḥ abhicārādikarmaruciḥ, naikṛtikaḥ vañcanaparaḥ, alasaḥ ārabdheṣv api karmasu mandapravṛttiḥ, viṣādī atimātrāvasādaśīlaḥ dīrghasūtrī abhicārādikarma kurvan pareṣu dīrghakālavartyanarthaparyālocanaśīlaḥ, evaṃbhūto yaḥ kartā, sa tāmasaḥ
 

Śrīdhara


tāmasaṃ kartāram āha ayukta iti | ayukto ‚navahitaḥ | prākṛto viveka-śūnyaḥ | stabdho ‚namraḥ | śaṭhaḥ śakti-gūhana-kārī | naikṛtikaḥ para-vṛtti-chedana-paraḥ | alaso ‚pravṛtti-śīlaḥ [viṣādī] kartavyeṣv api sarvadā ‚vasanna-svabhāvaḥ | dīrgha-sūtrī ca kartavyānāṃ dīrgha-prasāraṇaḥ sarvadā manda-svabhāvaḥ | yad adya śvo vā kartavyaṃ tan māsenāpi na karoti | yaś caivambhūtaḥ sa kartā tāmasa ucyate
 

Viśvanātha


ayukto ‚naucitya-kārī prākṛtaḥ prakṛtau sva-svabhāva eva vartamānaḥ, yad eva sva-manasi āyāti tad evānutiṣṭhati, na tu guror api vacaḥ pramāṇayatīty arthaḥ | naikṛtikaḥ parāpamāna-kartā |
tad evaṃ jñānibhir ukta-lakṣaṇaḥ sāttvika eva tyāgaḥ kartavyaḥ sāttvikam eva karma-niṣṭhaṃ jñānam āśrayaṇīyaṃ sāttvikam eva karma kartavyaṃ sāttvikenaiva kartrā bhavitavyaṃ | eṣa eva sannyāso jñāninām iti me jñānaṃ prakaraṇārtha-niṣkarṣaḥ | bhaktānāṃ tu triguṇātītam eva jñānaṃ triguṇātītaṃ me karma bhakti-yogākhyaṃ triguṇātītā eva kartāraḥ | yad uktaṃ bhagavataiva śrīmad-bhāgavate –
kaivalyaṃ sāttvikaṃ jñānaṃ
rajo vaikalpikaṃ tu yat |
prākṛtaṃ tāmasaṃ jñānaṃ
man-niṣṭhaṃ nirguṇaṃ smṛtam || (BhP 11.25.24) iti |
lakṣaṇaṃ bhakti-yogasya
nirguṇasya hy udāhṛtam || (BhP 3.29.11) iti |
sāttvikaḥ kārako ‚saṅgī
rāgāndho rājasaḥ smṛtaḥ |
tāmasaḥ smṛti-vibhraṣṭo
nirguṇo mad-apāśrayaḥ || (BhP 11.25.26) iti |
kiṃ ca na kevalam etat trikam eva bhakti-mate guṇātītam api tu bhakti-sambandhi sarvam eva guṇātītam | yad uktaṃ tatraiva –
sāttvikyādhyātmikī śraddhā
karma-śraddhā tu rājasī |
tāmasy adharme yā śraddhā
mat-sevāyāṃ tu nirguṇā || (BhP 11.25.27) iti |
vanaṃ tu sāttviko vāso
grāmo rājasa ucyate |
tāmasaṃ dyuta-sadanaṃ
man-niketaṃ tu nirguṇam || (BhP 11.25.25) iti |
sāttvikaṃ sukham ātmotthaṃ
viṣayotthaṃ tu rājasam |
tāmasaṃ moha-dainyotthaṃ
nirguṇaṃ mad-apāśrayam || (BhP 11.25.29) iti |
tad evaṃ guṇātītānāṃ bhaktānāṃ bhakti-sambandhīni jñāna-karma-śraddhādau sva-sukhādīni sarvāṇy eva guṇātītāni | sāttvikānāṃ jñānināṃ jñāna-sambandhīni tāni sarvāṇi sāttvikāny eva | rājasānāṃ karmiṇāṃ tāni sarvāṇi rājasāny eva | tāmasānām ucchṛṅkhalānāṃ tāni sarvāṇi tāmasāny eveti śrī-gītā-bhāgavatārtha-dṛṣṭyā jñeyam | jñāninām api punar antima-daśāyāṃ jñāna-sannyāsānantaram urvaritayā kevalayā bhaktyaiva guṇātītatvaṃ caturdaśādhyāya uktam
 

Baladeva


ayukto ‚naucitya-kṛt | prākṛtaḥ prakṛtau svabhāve vartamānaḥ sva-prakṛty-anusāreṇaiva, na tu śāstrānusāreṇa karma-kṛd ity arthaḥ | stabdho ‚namraḥ śaṭhaḥ sva-śakti-gopana-kṛt | naikṛtikaḥ parāpamāna-kṛt | alasaḥ prārabdhe karmaṇi śithilaḥ | viṣādī śokākulaḥ | dīrgha-sūtrī divasaika-kartavyaṃ varṣeṇāpi yo na karoti | īdṛśaḥ kartā tāmasa
 
 



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