BhG 18.24

yat tu kāmepsunā karma sāhaṃ-kāreṇa vā punaḥ
kriyate bahulāyāsaṃ tad rājasam udāhṛtam

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syntax


punaḥ (again) kāmepsunā [puruṣeṇa] (by a person desiring to obtain pleasures) sāhaṅkāreṇa vā (or by one with the notion of ‘I’) yat tu bahulāyāsam (but in which there is much effort) karma (activity) kriyate (it is done),
tat (that) rājasam (rajasic) udāhṛtam (it is declared).

 

grammar

yat yat sn. 1n.1 n.that which;
tu av.but, then, or, and;
kāmepsunā kāma-īpsu 3n.1 m.; TP: yaḥ kāmam āptum icchati tena by one desiring to obtain pleasures (from: kam –to wish, to love, to long for, kāma – desire, love, pleasure; āp – to obtain, to reach, des. īpsu – desiring to obtain);
karma karman 1n.1 n.activity (from: kṛ – to do);
sāhaṁ-kāreṇa sa-ahaṁ-kāra 2n.1 m.; BV: yo ‘haṁ-kārena sahāsti tena by one with egotism (from: sa – together with, in common, short form of: saha or sama; occurs mostly in compounds, requires instrumental; aham – I; kṛ – to do, kāra – a doer, ahaṁ-kāra – ego, egotism, pride);
av.or, and, on the other side, but even if, however;
punaḥ av.back, again;
kriyate kṛ (to do) Praes. pass. 1v.1it is done;
bahulāyāsam bahula-āyāsa 1n.1 n.; BV: yasmin āyāsaḥ bahulo ‘sti tat in which there is much effort (from: bahula – abundant, numerous; ā-yāsa – effort, exertion, fatigue);
tat tat sn. 1n.1 n.that;
rājasam rājasa 1n.1 n. related to rajas, rajasic (from: rañj – to be dyed, be excited, be delighted, rajas coloured, dust, passion, one of the three guṇas);
udāhṛtam ud-ā-hṛta (ud-ā-hṛ – to set up, to declare) PP 1n.1 n.set up, declared;

 

textual variants


sāhaṁ-kāreṇa sāhaṁ-krūreṇa (by th cru one with the notio of ‘I’);
vā → vai (indeed);
bahulāyāsaṁ → kleśa-bahulaṁ (full of much suffering);
tad rājasam udāhṛtam → tad rājasam iti smṛtam (this as rajasic is known);
 
 



Śāṃkara


yat tu kāmepsunā karma-phala-prepsunā ity arthaḥ, karma sāhaṃkāreṇeti na tattva-jñānāpekṣayā | kiṃ tarhi ? laukika-śrotriya-nirahaṃkārāpekṣayā | yo hi paramārtha-nirahaṃkāra ātma-vit, na tasya kāmepsutva-bahulāyāsa-kartṛtva-prāptir asti | sāttvikasyāpi karmaṇo’nātma-vit sāhaṃkāraḥ kartā, kim uta rājasa-tāmasayoḥ | loke’nātma-vid api śrotriyo nirahaṃkāra ucyate nirahaṃkāro’yaṃ brāhmaṇa iti | tasmāt tad-apekṣayaiva sāhaṃkāreṇa vā ity uktam | punaḥ-śabdaḥ pāda-pūraṇārthaḥ | kriyate bahulāyāsaṃ kartrā mahatāyāsena nirvartyate, tat karma rājasam udāhṛtam
 

Rāmānuja


yat tu punaḥ kāmepsunā phalaprepsunā sāhaṃkāreṇa vā vāśabdaś cārthe kartṛtvābhimānayuktena ca, bahulāyāsaṃ yat karma kriyate, tad rājasam bahulāyāsam idaṃ karma mayaiva kriyata ity evaṃrūpābhimānayuktena yat karma kriyate, tad rājasam ityarthaḥ
 

Śrīdhara


rājasaṃ karmāha yad iti | yat tu karma kāmepsunā phalaṃ prāptum icchatā sāhaṅkāreṇa mat-samaḥ ko ‚nyaḥ śrotriyo ‚stīty evaṃ nirūḍhāhaṅkāra-yuktena ca kriyate | yac ca punar bahulāyāsam atikleśa-yuktaṃ tat karma rājasam udāhṛtam
 

Viśvanātha


kāmepsunālpāhaṅkāravatety arthaḥ | sāhaṅkāreṇātyahaṅkāravatety arthaḥ
 

Baladeva


yat kāmepsunā phalākāṅkṣiṇā sāhaṅkāreṇa kartṛtvābhiniveśinā janena bahulāyāsam atikleśa-yuktaṃ karma kriyate tad rājasam
 
 



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