BhG 18.22

yat tu kṛtsnavad ekasmin kārye saktam ahaitukam
atattvārthavad alpaṃ ca tat tāmasam udāhṛtam

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syntax


yat [jñānam] tu (but that knowledge which) ekasmin kārye (in one duty) kṛtsnavat (as a whole) saktam (attached) ahaitukam (without reasoning) atattvārthavat (as if without truth and meaning) alpam ca (and small),
tat [jñānam] (that knowledge) tāmasam (as tamasic) udāhṛtam (it is declared).

 

grammar

yat yat sn. 1n.1 n.that which;
tu av.but, then, or, and;
kṛtsnavat av.as a whole (from: kṛtsna – whole; -vat – suffix: as, like);
ekasmin eka sn. 7n.1 n.in one;
kārye kārye (kṛ to do) PF 7n.1 n.in what is to be done, in a duty;
saktam sakta (sañj – to attach, to stick, to embrace) PP 1n.1 n. attached;
ahaitukam a-haituka 1n.1 n.causeless, without reasoning (from: hetu – cause, motive, reason; haituka – caused by, dependent on);
a-tattva-artha-vat av.as if without truth and meaning (from: tat – that, abst. tat-tva – truth, reality; arth – to strive to obtain, to desire, to request, artha – purpose, advantage, concern, object, wealth, use; -vat – suffix: as, like);
alpam alpa 1n.1 n. small, minute;
ca av.and;
tat tat sn. 1n.1 n.that;
tāmasam tāmasa 1n.1 n. related to tamas, tamasic (from: tam – to choke, to faint, to perish, to stop; tamas – darkness, gloom, dullness, passivity, one of the three guṇas);
udāhṛtam ud-ā-hṛta (ud-ā-hṛ – to set up, to declare) PP 1n.1 n.set up, declared;

 

textual variants


yat tu kṛtsnavad yat tu kṛtsnavid / yat tv akṛtsnavid / yat tu kṛtsnas tad (but which, knower of all / but which, knowing of nothing / but which whole, this);
kārye saktam → kārya-saktam (attached to activity);
kārye saktam ahaitukam → kāryam etam ahetukaṁ (this duty without a reason);
atattvārthavadatattvārthavid (not knowing th emeaning of the truth);
tat tāmasam udāhṛtam → taj jñānaṁ vidhi tāmasam (that knowledge you must know as tamasic);

The fourth pada of verse 18.22 is similar to the fourth pada of verses: BhG 17.19, 17.22 and 18.39;

 
 



Śāṃkara


yaj jñānaṃ kṛtsnavat samastavat sarva-viṣayam iva ekasmin kārye dehe bahir vā pratimādau saktam etāvān evātmeśvaro vā, nātaḥ param astīti, yathā nagna-kṣapaṇakādīnāṃ śarīrāntarvatī deha-parimāṇo jīvaḥ, īśvaro vā pāṣāṇa-dārv-ādi-mātram, ity evam ekasmin kārye saktam | ahaitukaṃ hetu-varjitaṃ niryuktikam | atattvārthavad ayathā-bhūtārthavat, yathā-bhūto’rthas tattvārthaḥ, so’sya jñeya-bhūto’stīti tattvārthavat, na tattvārthavat atattvārthavat | ahaitukatvād eva alpaṃ ca, alpa-viṣayatvād alpa-phalatvād vā | tat tāmasam udāhṛtam | tāmasānāṃ hi prāṇinām avivekinām īdṛśaṃ jñānaṃ dṛśyate
 

Rāmānuja


yat tu jñānam, ekasmin kārye ekasmin kartavye karmaṇi pretabhūtagaṇādyārādhanarūpe atyalpaphale kṛtsnaphalavat saktam, ahetukam vastutas tv akṛtsnaphalavattayā tathāvidhasaṅgaheturahitam atattvārthavat pūrvavad evātmani pṛthaktvādiyuktatayā mithyābhūtārthaviṣayam, atyalpaphalaṃ ca pretabhūtādyārādhanaviṣayatvād alpaṃ ca, taj jñānaṃ tāmasam udāhṛtam
 

Śrīdhara


tāmasaṃ jñānam āha yad iti | ekasmin kārye dehe pratimādau yā kṛtsnavat paripūrṇavat sattama etāvān eva ātmeśvaro yā ity abhiniveśa-yuktam ahaitukaṃ nirupapattikaṃ | atattvārthavat paramārthāvalambana-śūnyam | ataevālpaṃ tuccham | alpa-viṣayatvāt | alpa-phalatvāc ca | yad evambhūtaṃ jñānaṃ tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
 

Viśvanātha


tāmasaṃ jñānam āha yat tu jñānam ahaitukam autpattikam eva ataeva ekasmin kārye laukika eva snāna-bhojana-pāna-strī-sambhoge tat-sādhane ca karmaṇi saktam | na tu vaidike karmaṇi yajña-dānādau | ataevātattvārthavat tatra tattva-rūpo ‚rthaḥ ko ‚pi nāstīty arthaḥ | alpaṃ paśūnām iva yat kṣudraṃ tat tāmasaṃ jñānam | dehādy-atiriktatvena tat-padārtha-jñānaṃ sāttvikam | nānāvāda-pratipādakaṃ nyāyādi-śāstra-jñānaṃ rājasam | snāna-bhojanādi-vyavahārika-jñānaṃ tāmasam iti saṅkṣepaḥ
 

Baladeva


tāmasaṃ jñānam āha yat tv iti | yat tu jñānam ahaitukaṃ svābhāvikaṃ na tu śāstrād dhetor jñānam | ataevaikasmin laukike snānaa-bhojana-yoṣita-prasaṅgādau kārye | na tu vaidike yāga-dānādau saktaṃ kṛtsnavat pūrṇaṃ nāto ‚dhikam astīty arthaḥ | ataevātattvārthavad yatra tattva-rūpo ‚rtho nāsti | alpaṃ paśv-ādi-sādhāraṇyāt tucchaṃ tal laukika-snāna-bhojanādi-jñānaṃ tāmasam
 
 



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