BhG 18.19

syntax

guṇa-saṁkhyāne (in enumeration of the guṇas) jñānam (knowledge) karma ca (and activity) kartā ca (and a doer)
guṇa-bhedataḥ (according to the division of the guṇas) tri-dhā eva (just threefold) procyante (it is said),
tāni [jñānādīni] api (just to those beginning with knowledge) yathā-vat (properly) śṛṇu (you must listen).

grammar

jñānam	–	jñāna 1n.1 n. – knowledge, wisdom, intelligence (from: √jñā – to know, to understand);
karma	–	karman 1n.1 n. – activity (from: √kṛ – to do);
ca	–	av. – and;
kartā	–	kartṛ 1n.1 m. – a doer (from: √kṛ – to do);
ca	–	av. – and;
tri-dhā	–	av. – threefold (from: tri – three; -dhā – suffix to form manifold numerals);
eva	–	av. – certainly, just, merely;
guṇa-bhedataḥ	–	av. – TP: guṇānāṁ bhedata iti – according to the division of the guṇas (from: √√grah – to take, guṇa – quality, virtue, thread; √bhid – to split, bheda – splitting, breaking, separation, division; indeclinable ablative with an ending -tas);
procyate	–	pra-√vac (to declare, to speak) Praes. pass. 1n.1 – it is said;
guṇa-saṁkhyāne	–	guṇa-saṁkhyāna 7n.1 n.; guṇānāṁ saṁkhyāna iti – in enumeration of the guṇas (from: √√grah – to take, guṇa – quality, virtue, thread; sam-√khyā – to count, saṁkhya – counting, conflict, saṁkhyāna – enumeration, calculation);
yathā-vat	–	av. – properly, rightly, exactly;
śṛṇu	–	√śru (to hear, to listen) Imperat. P 2v.1 – you must listen;
tāni	–	tat sn. 2n.3 n. – they;
api	–	av. – although, moreover, besides, even;

textual variants

tri-dhaiva → tri-dheva (as if threefold);
guṇa-bhedataḥ → karma-bhedataḥ (according to the division of activities);
procyate → procyaṁte / prāpyate / ucyate (they are called / it is obtained / it is said);

Śāṃkara

athedānīṃ kriyā-kāraka-phalānāṃ sarveṣāṃ guṇātmakatvāt sattva-rajas-tamo-guṇa-bhedatas tri-vidho bhedo vaktavya ity ārabhyate—
jñānaṃ karma ca, karma kriyā, na kārakaṃ pāribhāṣikam īpsitatamaṃ karma | kartā ca nirvartakaḥ kriyāṇāṃ tridhā | eva avadhāraṇaṃ guṇa-vyatirikta-jāty-antarābhāva-pradarśanārthaṃ guṇa-bhedataḥ sattvādi-bhedena ity arthaḥ | procyate kathyate guṇa-saṃkhyāne kāpile śāstre tad api guṇa-saṃkhyāna-śāstraṃ guṇa-bhoktṛ-viṣaye pramāṇam eva | paramārtha-brahmaikatva-viṣaye yady api virūdhyate, tathāpi te hi kāpilāḥ guṇa-gauṇa-vyāpāra-nirūpaṇe’bhiyuktā iti tac-chāstram api vakṣyamāṇārtha-stuty-arthatvenopādīyata iti na virodhaḥ | yathāvat yathā-nyāyaṃ yathā-śāstraṃ sṛṇu tāny api jñānādīni tad-bheda-jātāni guṇa-bheda-kṛtāni sṛṇu, vakṣyamāṇe’rthe manaḥ-samādhiṃ kurv ity arthaḥ

Rāmānuja

kartavyakarmaviṣayaṃ jñānam, anuṣṭhīyamānaṃ ca karma, tasyānuṣṭhātā ca sattvādiguṇabhedatas trividhaiva procyate guṇasaṃkhyāne guṇakāryagaṇane / yathāvac chṛṇu tāny api tāni guṇato bhinnāni jñānādīni yathāvac chṛṇu

Śrīdhara

tataḥ kiṃ ? ata āha jñānam iti | guṇāḥ samyak kārya-bhedena khyāyate pratipādyante ‚sminn iti guṇa-saṅkhyānaṃ sāṅkhya-śāstram | tasmin jñānaṃ ca karma ca kartā ca pratyekaṃ sattvādi-guṇa-bhedena tridhaivocyate | tāny api jñānādīni vakṣyamāṇāni yathāvat śṛṇu | tridhaivety eva-kāro guṇa-trayopādhi-vyatirekeṇātmanaḥ svataḥ karmāṇi pratiṣedhārthaḥ | caturdeśe ‚dhyāye tatra sattvaṃ nirmalatvād ity ādinā guṇānāṃ bandhakatva-prakāro nirūpitaḥ | saptadaśe ‚dhyāye yajante sāttvikā devān ity ādinā guṇa-kṛta-trividha-svabhāva-nirūpaṇena rajas-tamaḥ-svabhāvaṃ parityajya sāttvikāhārādi-sevayā sāttvikaḥ svabhāvaḥ sampādanīya ity uktam | iha tu kriyā-kāraka-phalādīnām ātma-sambandho nāstīti darśayituṃ sarveṣāṃ triguṇātmakatvam ucyate iti viśeṣo jñātavyaḥ

Viśvanātha

tad evaṃ bhagavan-mata ukta-lakṣaṇaḥ sāttvikas tyāga eva sannyāso jñāninām, bhaktānāṃ tu karma-yogasya svarūpeṇaiva tyāgo ‚vagamyate | yad uktam ekādaśe bhagavataiva
ājñāyaiva guṇān doṣān
mayādiṣṭān api svakān |
dharmān santyajya yaḥ sarvān
māṃ bhajet sa ca sattamaḥ || (BhP 11.11.37) iti |

asyārthaḥ svāmi-caraṇair vyākhyāto yathā – mayā veda-rūpeṇādiṣṭān api svadharmān santyajya yo māṃ bhajet sa ca sattama iti | kim ajñānato nāstikyād vā ? na dharmācaraṇe sattva-śuddhyādīn guṇān vipakṣe doṣān pratyavāyāṃś cājñāya jñātvāpi mad-dhyāna-vikṣepatayā mad-bhaktyaiva sarvaṃ bhaviṣyatīti dṛḍha-niścayenaiva dharmān santyajya ity
atra dharmān dharma-phalāni santyajyeti tu vyākhyā na ghaṭate | na hi dharma-phala-tyāge kaścid atra pratyavāyo bhaved ity avadheyam | ayaṃ bhāvo bhagavad-vākyānāṃ tad-vyākhyātṝṇāṃ ca – jñānaṃ hi citta-śuddhim avaśyam evāpekṣate, niṣkāma-karmabhiś citta-śuddhi-tāratamye vṛtte eva jñānodaya-tāratamyaṃ bhaven nānyathā | ataeva samyag jñānodaya-siddhy-arthaṃ sannyāsibhir api niṣkāma-karma na kartavyam eva | yad uktam –
ārurukṣor muner yogaṃ
karma kāraṇam ucyate |
yogārūḍhasya tasaiva
śamaḥ kāraṇam ucyate || (Gītā 6.2) iti |
yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād
ātma-tṛptaś ca mānavaḥ |
ātmany eva ca santuṣṭas
tasya kāryaṃ na vidyate || (Gītā 3.17) iti |

bhaktis tu paramā svatantrā mahā-prabalā citta-śuddhiṃ naivāpekṣate, yad uktam –
vikrīḍitaṃ vraja-vadhūbhir idaṃ ca viṣṇoḥ
śraddhānvito yaḥ śṛṇuyād ity ādau
bhaktiṃ parāṃ bhagavati parilabhya kāmaṃ
hṛd-rogam āśv apahinoty acireṇa dhīraḥ || (BhP 10.33.42) iti |

atra tv ātma-pratyayeṇa hṛd-rogavattve vādhikāriṇi paramāyā bhakter api prathamam eva praveśas tatas tatraiva kāmādīnām apagamaś ca | tathā –
praviṣṭaḥ karṇa-randhreṇa
svānāṃ bhāva-saroruham |
dhunoti śamalaṃ kṛṣṇaḥ
salilasya yathā śarat || (BhP 2.8.5)

iti ca ity ato bhaktyaiva yadi tādṛśī citta-śuddhiḥ syāt, tadā bhaktaiḥ kathaṃ karma kartavyam iti |
atha prakṛam anusarāmaḥ – kiṃ ca na kevalaṃ dehādi-vyātiriktasyātmanaḥ jñānam eva jñānam, tathātma-tattvam api jñeyam, tādṛśa-jñānāśraya eva jñānī, kintv etat trike karma-sambandho vartate | tad api sannyāsibhir jñeyam ity āha jñānam iti | atra codanā śabdena vidhir ucyate, yad uktaṃ bhaṭṭaiḥ – codanā copadeśaś ca vidhiś caikārtha-vācina iti | uktaṃ ślokārdhaṃ svayam eva vyācaṣṭe karaṇam iti yaj jñānaṃ tat karaṇa-kārakam | jñāyate ‚neneti jñānam iti vyutpatteḥ | yaj jñeyaṃ jīvātma-tattvaṃ, tad eva karma-kārakam | yas tasya parijñātā sa kartā iti trividhaḥ karaṇaṃ karma kartā iti trividhaṃ kārakam ity arthaḥ |
karma-saṅgrahaḥ karmaṇā niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhānenaiva saṅgṛhyata iti karma-codanā pada-vyākhyā | jñānatvaṃ jñeyatvaṃ jñātṛtvaṃ caitat trayaṃ niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhāna-mūlakam iti bhāvaḥ |

Baladeva

jñānam iti guṇa-saṅkhyāne guṇa-nirūpake śāstre caturdaśe tatra sattvaṃ nirmalatvād ity ādinā guṇānāṃ bandhakatā-prakāraḥ | saptadaśe yajante sāttvikā devān ity ādinā guṇa-kṛta-svabhāva-bhedaś coktaḥ | iha tu guṇa-saṃjñānāṃ jñānādīnāṃ traividhyam ucyata iti bodhyam |