BhG 16.11-12

cintām aparimeyāṃ ca pralayāntām upāśritāḥ
kāmopabhoga-paramā etāvad iti niścitāḥ
āśā-pāśa-śatair baddhāḥ kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ
īhante kāma-bhogārtham anyāyenārtha-saṃcayān

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syntax


pralayāntām (whose end is destruction) aparimeyām ca (and immeasurable) cintām (in a thought) upāśritāḥ (who took refuge),
kāmopabhoga-paramāḥ (for whom enjoying pleasures is the supreme) etāvat iti (so much) niścitāḥ (they are convinced)
āśā-pāśa-śataiḥ (by hundreds of ropes of hopes) baddhāḥ (bound) kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ (dedicated to desire and anger) kāma-bhogārtham (for the sake of enjoying the pleasures) anyāyena (not in the right manner) artha-saṁcayān (heaps of wealth) īhante (they endeavour to obtain).

 

grammar

cintām cintā 2n.1 f.thought, anxiety (from: cint – to think, to consider);
aparimeyām a-pari-meya (a-pari- – to measure) PF 2n.1 f.not to be measured, immeasurable;
ca av.and;
pralayāntām pralaya-antā 2n.1 f.; yasyā antaḥ prayayo ‘sti tāmwhose end is destruction (from: pra- – to dissolve, to vanish, pralaya – annihilation, dissolution, end, death; anta – the end, limit, boundary, death);
upāśritāḥ upāśrita (upa-ā-śri – to  adhere, to lean on, to rest on, to depend on) PP 1n.3 m.who took refuge, who approached – whom? – requires accusative);
kāmopabhoga-paramāḥ kāma-upabhoga-parama 1n.3 m.; BV: yeṣāṁ kāmānām upabhogaḥ paramo ‘sti tefor whom enjoying pleasures is the supreme (from: kam – to wish, to love, to long for, kāma – wish, desire; bhuj – to eat, to enjoy, upa-bhoga – enjoyment, food, wealth; para – beyond, ancient, final, the best, the supreme, parama –  supreme, the highest);
etāvat av.so far, so much, in such a degree (from: etāvat – so great);
iti av.thus (used to close the quotation);
niścitāḥ niścita (nir-ci – to ascertain, to resolve) PP 1n.3 m.who are convinced;

*****

āśā-pāśa-śataiḥ āśā-pāśa-śata 3n.3 n.; BV: āśāyāḥ pāśānām śataiḥby hundreds of ropes of hopes (from: – to reach, to eat, to enjoy, āśa – gain, food, āśā – hope, desire; paś – to bind, pāśa – snare, trap, bond, noose, cord, śata – hundred);
baddhāḥ baddha (bandh – to bind, to fetter) PP 1n.3 m.who are bound;
kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ kāma-krodha-parāyaṇa 1n.3 m.; BV: yeṣāṁ kāmaś ca krodhaś ca parāyaṇam asti tefor whom desire and anger are the highest goal (from: kam –to wish, to love, to long for, kāma – desire, love, pleasure; krudh – to be angry, krodha – anger, wrath; para – beyond, ancient, final, the best, the supreme; ayana – a path; parāyaṇa – supreme path, the final goal; in compounds: fully dedicated to);
īhante īh (to endeavour to abtain, to long for) Praes. Ā 1v.3they endeavour to obtain, they desire;
kāma-bhogārtham av. – kāmānāṁ bhogasyārtham for the sake of enjoying the pleasures (from: kam – to wish, to love, to long for, kāma – wish, desire; bhuj – to eat, to enjoy, bhoga – enjoyment, food, wealth; arth – to strive to obtain, to desire, to request, artha – purpose, advantage, concern, object, wealth, use, suffix: for the sake of, on account of);
anyāyena a-nyāya 3n.1 m.not in the right manner (from: – to lead, nyāya – rule, manner, system);
artha-saṁcayān artha-saṁcaya 2n.3 m.; TP: arthāṇāṁ saṁcayān itiheaps of wealth (from: arth – to strive to obtain, to desire, to request, artha – purpose, advantage, concern, object, wealth, use; sam-ci – to heap up, to pile up, to accumulate, saṁcaya – collection, heap, hoard);

 

textual variants


aparimeyāṁ → aparimeye / aparimīyāṁ / aparameyāṁ (in immeasurable);
ca → tāṁ (this);
upāśritāḥ → apāśritāḥ (who took shelter);
īhante → rohaṁte / īhate (they mount upon / he endeavours to obtain);
kāma-bhogārtham kāma-bhogārthān / kāma-lobhārtham (objects of enjoying and pleasures / for the sake of gaining pleasure);
artha-saṁcayān → artha-saṁcayaṁ / artha-saṁjayān (heap of wealth / gaining wealth);
 
 



Śāṃkara


kiṃ ca—
cintām aparimeyāṃ ca, na parimātuṃ śakyate yasyāś cintāyā iyattā sāparimeyā, tām aparimeyām, pralayāntāṃ maraṇāntām upāśritāḥ, sadā cintā-parā ity arthaḥ | kāmopabhoga-paramāḥ, kāmyante iti kāmā viṣayāḥ śabdādayas tad-upabhoga-paramā ayam eva paramaḥ puruṣārtho yaḥ kāmopabhoga ity evaṃ niścitātmānaḥ | etāvat iti niścitāḥ|

āśā-pāśa-śatair āśaiva pāśās tac-chatair baddhāḥ niyantritāḥ santaḥ sarvata ākṛṣyamāṇāḥ, kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ kāma-krodhau param ayanam āśrayo yeṣāṃ te kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ | īhante ceṣṭante kāma-bhogārthaṃ kāma-bhoga-prayojanāya na dharmārtham | anyāyena para-svāpaharaṇādinety arthaḥ | kiṃ ? artha-saṃcayān artha-pracayān

 

Rāmānuja


adya śvo vā mumūrṣavaḥ cintām aparimeyām aparicchedyāṃ pralayāntāṃ prākṛtapralayāvadhikālasādhyaviṣayām upāśritāḥ, tathā kāmopabhogaparamāḥ kāmopabhoga eva paramapuruṣārtha iti manvānāḥ, etāvad iti niścitāḥ ito ‚dhikaḥ puruṣārtho na vidyata iti saṃjātaniścayāḥ /

āśāpāśaśataiḥ āśākhyapāśaśatair baddhāḥ, kāmakrodhaparāyaṇāḥ kāmakrodhaikaniṣṭhāḥ, kāmabhogārtham anyāyenārthasaṃcayān prati īhante

 

Śrīdhara


kiṃ ca cintām iti | pralayo maraṇam evānto yasyāstām aparimeyāṃ parimātum aśakyāṃ cintām āśritāḥ | nityaṃ cintāparā ity arthaḥ | kāmopabhoga eva paramo yeṣāṃ te | etāvad iti kāmopabhoga eva paramaḥ puruṣārtho nānyad astīti kṛta-niścayāḥ | artha-sañcayān īhantu ity uttareṇānvayaḥ | tathā ca bārhaspatyaṃ sūtraṃ – kāma evaikaḥ puruṣārtha iti | caitanya-viśiṣṭaḥ kāmaḥ puruṣa iti ca

ataeva āśeti | āśā eva pāśāḥ | teṣāṃ śatair baddhā itas tata ākṛṣyamāṇāḥ | kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ kāma-krodhau param-ayanāśrayo yeṣāṃ te | kāma-bhogārtham anyāyena cauryādinārthānāṃ sañcayān rāśīn īhanta icchanti

 

Madhusūdana


tān eva punar viśinaṣṭi cintām iti | cintām ātmīya-yoga-kṣemopāyālocanātmikām aparimeyām aparimeya-viṣayatv}at parm}atum aśakyāṃ pralayo maraṇam evānto yasyās tāṃ pralayāntāṃ yāvaj-jīvam anuvartamānām iti yāvat | na kevalam aśuci-vratāḥ pravartante kiṃ tv etādṛśīṃ cintāṃ copāśritā iti samuccayārthaś ca-kāraḥ |
sadānanta-cintā-parā api na kadācit pāralaukika-cintāyutāḥ kiṃ tu kāmopabhoga-paramāḥ kāmyanta iti kāmā dṛṣṭāḥ śabdādayo viṣayās tad-upabhoga eva paramaḥ puruṣārtho na dharmādir yeṣāṃ te tathā | pāralaukikam uttamaṃ sukhaṃ kuto na kāmayante tatrāha etāvad dṛṣṭam eva sukhaṃ nānyad etac charīra-viyoge bhogyaṃ sukham asti etat kāyātiriktasya bhoktur abhāvād iti niścitā evaṃ-niścayavantaḥ | tathā ca bārhaspatyaṃ sūtraṃ caitanya-viśiṣṭaḥ kāyaḥ puruṣaḥ, kāma evaikaḥ puruṣārthaḥ iti ca

ta īdṛśā asurāḥ aśakyopāyārtha-viṣayā anavagatopāyārtha-viṣayā vā prārthanā āśāstā eva pāśā iva bandhana-hetutvāt pāśās teṣāṃ śataiḥ samūhair baddhā iva śreyasaḥ pacyāvyetas tata ākṛṣya nīyamānāḥ kāma-krodhau param ayanam āśrayo yesāṃ te kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ strī-vyatikarābhilāṣa-parāniṣṭābhilāṣābhyāṃ sadā parigṛhītā iti yāvat | īhante kartuṃ ceṣṭante kāma-bhogārthaṃ na tu dharmārtham anyāyena parasva-haraṇādinārtha-saṃcayān dhana-rāśīn | saṃcayān iti bahu-vacanena dhana-prāptāv api tat-tṛṣṇānuvṛtter viṣaya-prāpti-vardhamāna-tṛṣṇatva-rūpo lobho darśitaḥ

 

Viśvanātha


commentary under the verse BhG 16.15
 

Baladeva


aparimeyām aparā pralayāntāṃ ca maraṇa-kālāvadhi-sādhya-vastu-viṣayāṃ cintām upāśritaḥ kāmopabhogaḥ samyag-viṣaya-sevaiva paramaḥ pumartho yeṣāṃ te | etāvad eva kāmopabhoga-mātram evaihikam | na tvato ‚nyat pāralaukikaṃ sukham astīti kṛta-niścayāḥ

āśeti spaṣṭam | īhante kartuṃ ceṣṭante anyāyena kūṭa-sākṣyeṇa cauryeṇa ca

 
 



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