BhG 15.17

uttamaḥ puruṣas tv anyaḥ paramātmety udāhṛtaḥ
yo loka-trayam āviśya bibharty avyaya īśvaraḥ

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syntax


yaḥ īśvaraḥ (that lord which) avyayaḥ ca (and unchangeable) loka-trayam (three worlds) āviśya (after entering) bibharti (he sustains),
[saḥ] tu (but he) [kṣara-puruṣākṣara-puruṣābhyām] anyaḥ (other than perishable and imperishable man) uttamaḥ puruṣaḥ (the supreme person) paramātmā iti (the supreme self) udāhṛtaḥ (he is declared).
 

grammar

uttamaḥ uttama 1n.1 m.the best, uppermost, highest (superlative of: ud – upwards, above);
puruṣaḥ puruṣa 1n.1 m.a person (from: pur – to precede, to lead or pṝ – to fill, to nourish, puru – abundance, pūru – people);
tu av.but, then, or, and;
anyaḥ anya sn. 1n.1 m.other;
paramātmā parama-ātman 1n.1 m.the supreme self (from: para – beyond, ancient, final, the best, the supreme, parama –  supreme, the highest; ātman – self;
or param ātmanthe ancient self;
iti av.thus (used to close the quotation);
udāhṛtaḥ ud-ā-hṛta (ud-ā-hṛ – to set up, to declare), PP 1n.1 n.set up, declared;
yaḥ yat sn. 1n.1 m.he who;
loka-trayam loka-traya 2n.1 n.; lokānāṁ trayam itithree worlds (from: loka – world; tri – three; traya – threefold);
āviśya ā-viś (to approach, to enter) absol.after entering, after approaching;
bibharti bhṛ (to bear, to carry, to hold) Praes. P 1v.1he sustains;
avyayaḥ a-vyaya 1n.1 m.unchangeable (from: vi-i – to go away, to disappear, vyaya – going away, changeable, expense);
īśvaraḥ īśvara 1n.1 m.ruler, lord (from: xīś – to own, to reign, īśa – ruler, lord);

 

textual variants


avyaya → avyayam (unchangeable [three worlds]);
 
 



Śāṃkara


ābhyāṃ kṣarākṣarābhyām anyo vilakṣaṇaḥ kṣarākṣaropādhi-dvaya-doṣeṇāspṛṣṭaḥ nitya-śuddha-buddham ukta-svabhāvaḥ—
uttama utkṛṣṭatamaḥ puruṣas tv anyo’tyanta-vilakṣaṇa ābhyāṃ paramātmeti paramaś cāsau dehādy-avidyā-kṛtātmabhyaḥ, ātmaś ca sarva-bhūtānāṃ pratyak-cetanaḥ, ity ataḥ paramātmety udāhṛta ukto vedānteṣu | sa eva viśiṣyate yo loka-trayaṃ bhūr-bhuvaḥ-svar-ākhyaṃ svakīyayā caitanya-bala-śaktyā āviśya praviśya bibharti svarūpa-sad-bhāva-mātreṇa bibharti dhārayati | avyayo nāsya vyayo vidyata ity avyayaḥ | kaḥ ? īśvaraḥ sarvajño nārāyaṇākhya īśana-śīlaḥ
 

Rāmānuja


uttamaḥ puruṣas tu tābhyāṃ kṣarākṣaraśabdanirdiṣṭābhyāṃ baddhamuktapuruṣābhyām anyaḥ arthāntarabhūtaḥ paramātmety udāhṛtaḥ sarvāsu śrutiṣu / paramātmeti nirdeśād eva hy uttamaḥ puruṣo baddhamuktapuruṣābhyāṃ arthāntarabhūta ity avagamyate / katham? yo lokatrayam āviśya bibharti / lokyata iti lokaḥ; tattrayaṃ lokatrayam / acetanaṃ tatsaṃsṛṣṭaś cetano muktaś ceti pramāṇāvagamyam etat trayaṃ ya ātmatayā āviśya bibharti, sa tasmād vyāpyād bhartavyāc cārthāntarabhūtaḥ / itaś coktāl lokatrayād arthāntarabhūtaḥ; yataḥ so ‚vyayaḥ, īśvaraś ca; avyayasvabhāvo hi vyayasvabhāvād acetanāt tatsaṃbandhena tadanusāriṇaś ca cetanād acitsaṃbandhayogyatayā pūrvasaṃbandhino muktāc cārthāntarabhūta eva / tathaitasya lokatrayasyeśvaraḥ, īśitavyāt tasmād arthāntarabhūtaḥ
 

Śrīdhara


yad artham etau lakṣitau tam āha uttama iti | etābhyāṃ kṣarāksarābhyām anyo vilakṣaṇas tu uttamaḥ puruṣaḥ | vailakṣaṇyam evāha paramaś cāsāv ātmā cety udāhṛtaḥ uktaḥ śrutibhiḥ | ātmatvena kṣarād acetanād vilakṣaṇaḥ | paramatvenākṣarāc cetanād bhoktur vilakṣaṇa ity arthaḥ | paramātmatvaṃ darśayati yo loka-trayam iti | ya īśvara īśana-śīlo ‚vyayaś ca nirvikāra eva san loka-trayaṃ kṛsnam āviśya bibharti pālayati
 

Madhusūdana


ābhyāṃ kṣarākṣarābhyāṃ vilakṣaṇaḥ kṣarākṣaropādhi-dvaya-doṣeṇāspṛṣṭo nitya-śuddha-buddha-mukta-svabhāvaḥ uttama iti | uttama utkṛṣṭatamaḥ puruṣas tv anyonya evātyanta-vilakṣaṇa ābhyāṃ kṣarākṣarābhyāṃ jaḍa-rāśibhyām ubhaya-bhāsakas tṛtīyaś cetana-rāśir ity arthaḥ | paramātmety udāhṛto ‚nna-maya-prāṇa-maya-mano-maya-jñāna-mayānanda-mayebhyaḥ pañcabhyo ‚vidyā-kalpitātmabhyaḥ paramaḥ prakṛṣṭo ‚kalpito brahma pucchaṃ pratiṣṭhety ukta ātmā ca sarva-bhūtānāṃ pratyak-cetana ity ataḥ paramātmety uktao vedānteṣu | yaḥ paramātmā loka-trayam bhūr-bhuvaḥ-svar-ākhyaṃ sarvaṃ jagad iti yāvat | āviśya svakīyayā māyā-śaktyādhiṣṭhāya bibharti sattā-sphūrti-pradānena dhārayati poṣayati ca | kīdṛśaḥ ? avyayaḥ sarva-vikāra-śūnya īśvaraḥ sarvasya niyantā nārāyaṇaḥ sa uttamaḥ puruṣaḥ paramātmety udāhṛta ity anvayaḥ | sa uttamaḥ puruṣa iti śruteḥ
 

Viśvanātha


jñānibhir upāsyaṃ brahmoktvā yogibhir upāsyaṃ paramātmānam āha uttama iti | tu-śabdaḥ pūrva-vaiśiṣṭhyād dyotakaḥ | jñānibhyaś cādhiko yogīty upāsaka-vaiśiṣṭyād evopāsya-vaiśiṣṭyaṃ ca labhyate | paramātma-tattvam eva darśayati ya īśvara īsana-śīlo ‚vyayo nirvikāra eva san loka-trayaṃ kṛtsnam āviśya bibharti dhārayati pālayati ca
 

Baladeva


yad arthaṃ dvau puruṣau nirūpitau tam āha uttama iti | anyaḥ kṣarākṣarābhyāṃ na tu tayor evaikaḥ saṅkalpa iti bhāvaḥ | tatra śruti-sammatim āha paramātmeti | uttamatā-prayojakaṃ dharmam āha yo loketi | na caitaj jagad-vidhāraṇa-pālana-rūpam īśanaṃ baddhasya jīvasya karmāsambhavāt | na ca muktasya jagad-vyāpāra-varjam iti pratiṣedhāc ca
 
 



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