sattvāt saṃjāyate jñānaṃ rajaso lobha eva ca
pramāda-mohau tamaso bhavato ‘jñānam eva ca
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sattvāt (from sattva) jñānam (knowledge) sañjāyate (it is generated),
rajasaḥ (from rajas) lobha eva ca (certainly greed) [
sañjāyate]
(it is generated),
tamasaḥ (from tamas) ajñānam (ignorance) pramāda-mohau eva ca (and just madness and bewilderment) bhavataḥ (they become).
| sattvāt |
– |
sattva (√as – to be, PPr sant – being, existing, true, the essence) abst. 5n.1 n. – from being, from essence, from sattva; |
| saṁjāyate |
– |
sam-√jan (to be born together) Praes. Ā 1v.1 – it is generated; |
| jñānam |
– |
jñāna 1n.1 n. – knowledge, wisdom (from: √jñā – to know, to understand); |
| rajasaḥ |
– |
rajas 5n.1 n. – from rajas; coloured, dust, passion (from: √rañj – to be dyed, be excited, be delighted); |
| lobhaḥ |
– |
lobha 1n.1 m. – greed, covetousness (from: √lubh – to be greedy); |
| eva |
– |
av. – certainly, just, merely; |
| ca |
– |
av. – and; |
| pramāda-mohau |
– |
pramāda-moha 1n.2 m.; DV: pramādaś ca mohaś ceti – madness and bewilderment (from: pra-√mad – to enjoy, to delight, to delude, pramāda – madness, zabawa; √muh – to become confused, bewildered, stupefied, moha – perplexity, loss of consciousness, bewilderment, error); |
| tamasaḥ |
– |
tamas 5n.1 n. – from darkness, gloom, dullness, passivity, one of the three guṇas (from: √tam – to choke, to faint, to perish, to stop); |
| bhavataḥ |
– |
√bhū (to be) Praes. P 1v.2 – they become; |
| ajñānam |
– |
a-jñāna 1n.1 n. – ignorance (from: √jñā – to know, to understand); |
| eva |
– |
av. – certainly, just, merely; |
| ca |
– |
av. – and; |
lobha → moha (bewilderment);
tamaso bhavato → jāyetāṁ tamaso / jāyete tamaso / tamasau jāyete / tapaso jāyete (z tamas niechaj rodzą się / z tamas rodzą się / tamasowe powstają / z żaru powstają);
kiṃ ca, guṇebhyo bhavati—
sattvāl labdhātmakāt saṃjāyate samutpadyate jñānam, rajaso lobha eva ca, pramāda-mohau ca ubhau tamaso bhavataḥ, ajñānam eva ca bhavati
tad adhikasattvādijanitaṃ nirmalādiphalaṃ kim ity atrāha
evaṃ paramparayā jātād adhikasattvād ātmayāthātmyāparokṣyarūpaṃ jñānaṃ jāyate / tathā pravṛddhād rajasaḥ svargādiphalalobho jāyate / tathā pravṛddhāc ca tamasaḥ pramādaḥ anavadhānanimittā asatkarmaṇi pravṛttiḥ; tataś ca mohaḥ viparītajñānam; tataś cādhikataraṃ tamaḥ; tataś cājñānam jñānābhāvaḥ
tatraiva hetum āha sattvād iti | sattvāj jñānaṃ sañjāyate | ataḥ sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ prakāśa-bahulaṃ sukhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | rajaso lobho jāyate | tasya ca duḥkha-hetutvāt tat-pūrvakasya karmaṇo duḥkhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | tamasas tu pramāda-mohājñānāni bhavanti | tatas tāmasasya karmaṇo ‚jñāna-prāpakaṃ phalaṃ bhavatīti yuktam evety arthaḥ
etādṛśa-phala-vaicitrye pūrvoktam eva hetum āha sattvād iti | sarva-karaṇa-dvārakaṃ prakāśa-rūpaṃ jñānaṃ sattvāt saṃjāyate | atas tad-anurūpaṃ sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ prakāśa-bahulaṃ sukhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | rajaso lobho viṣaya-koṭi-prāptyāpi nivartayitum aśakyo ‚bhilāṣa-viśeṣo jāyate | tasya ca nirantaram upacīyamānasya pūrayitum aśakyasya sarvadā duḥkha-hetutvāt tat-pūrvakasya rājasasya karmaṇo duḥkhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | evaṃ pramāda-mohau tamasaḥ sakāśād bhavato jāyete | ajñānam eva ca bhavati | eva-kāraḥ prakāśa-pravṛtti-vyāvṛtty-arthaḥ | atas tāmasasya karmaṇas tāmasam ajñānādi-prāyam eva phalaṃ bhavatīti yuktam evety arthaḥ | atra cājñānam aprakāśaḥ | pramādo mohaś cāprakāśo ‚pravṛttiś cety atra vyākhyātau
no commentary up to the verse BhG 14.18
īdṛk-phala-vaicitrye prāg uktam eva hetum āha sattvād iti | sattvāt prakāśa-lakṣaṇaṃ jñānaṃ jāyate | ataḥ sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ prakāśa-pracuraṃ sukhaṃ phalam | rajaso lobhas tṛṣṇā-viśeṣo yo viṣayakoṭibhir apy abhisevitair duṣpūras tasya ca duḥkha-hetutvāt tat-pūrvakasya karmaṇo duḥkha-pracuraṃ kiñcit sukhaṃ phalam | tamasas tu pramādādīni bhavanty atas tat-pūrvakasya karmaṇo ‚caitanya-pracuraṃ duḥkham eva phalam
