BhG 14.9

sattvaṃ sukhe sañjayati rajaḥ karmaṇi bhārata
jñānam āvṛtya tu tamaḥ pramāde sañjayaty uta

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syntax


he bhārata (O descendant of Bhārata!),
sattvam (sattva) [dehinam] (of the embodied one) sukhe (to happiness) sañjayati (it causes attachment),
rajaḥ (rajas) karmaṇi (to activity) [sañjayati] (it causes attachment),
tamaḥ tu (but tamas) jñānam (knowledge) āvṛtya (after covering) pramāde uta (also to madness) sañjayati (it causes attachment).

 

grammar

sattvam sattva (as – to be, PPr sant – being, existing, true, the essence) abst. 1n.1 n.being, essence, wisdom, spirit, one of the three guṇas;
sukhe sukha 7n.1 n.in pleasure, in comfort (from: su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous; kha – cavity, hole, nave; su-kha – joy, happiness, literally: good hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving smooth;
or from: su-sthā; opposite to: duḥkha – pain, difficulty);
sañjayati sañj (to attach, to stick, to embrace) Praes. caus. 1v.1it causes attachment to (requires locative);
rajaḥ rajas 1n.1 n. coloured, dust, passion, one of the three guṇas (from: rañj – to be dyed, be excited, be delighted);
karmaṇi karman 7n.1 n.in activity (from: kṛ – to do);
bhārata bhārata 8n.1 m.O descendant of Bhārata;
jñānam jñāna 2n.1 n.knowledge, wisdom (from: jñā – to know, to understand);
āvṛtya ā-vṛ (to cover) absol.after covering;
tu av.but, then, or, and;
tamaḥ tamas 1n.1 n.darkness, gloom, dullness, passivity, one of the three guṇas (from: tam – to choke, to faint, to perish, to stop);
pramāde pramāda 7n.1 n.in madness (from: pra-mad – to enjoy, to delight, to delude);
sañjayaty sañj (to attach, to stick, to embrace) Praes. caus. 1v.1it causes attachment to (requires locative);
uta av.and, also, even, or (for the sake of emphasis, especially at the end of a line);

 

textual variants


karmaṇikarmāṇi (activities);
tu tamaḥ → tu tamam / tu mataḥ / manujam (but darkness / but considered / person);
 
 



Śāṃkara


punar guṇānāṃ vyāpāraḥ saṃkṣepata ucyate—
sattvaṃ sukhe saṃjayati saṃśleṣayati, rajaḥ karmaṇi he bhārata saṃjayatīty anuvartate | jñānaṃ sattva-kṛtaṃ vivekam āvṛtya ācchādya tu tamaḥ svena āvaraṇātmanā pramāde saṃjayaty uta | pramādo nāma prāpta-kartavyākaraṇam
 

Rāmānuja


sattvādīnāṃ bandhadvārabhūteṣu pradhānāny āha
sattvaṃ sukhasaṅgapradhānam; rajaḥ karmasaṅgapradhānam; tamas tu vastuyāthātmyajñānam āvṛtya viparītajñānahetutayā kartavyaviparītapravṛttisaṅgapradhānam
 

Śrīdhara


sattvādīnām evaṃ sva-sva-kārya-karaṇe sāmarthyātiśayam āha sattvam iti | sattvaṃ sukhe sañjayati saṃśleṣayati | duḥkha-śokādi-kāraṇe sabhāpi sukhābhimukham eva dehinaṃ karotiīty arthaḥ | evaṃ sukhādi-kāraṇe saty api rajaḥ karmaṇy eva sañjayati | tamas tu mahat-saṅgena utpādyamānam api jñānam āvṛtyaācchādya pramāde sañjayati | mahadbhir upadiśyamānasyārthasyānavadhāne yojayati utāpi | ālasyādāv api saṃyojayatīty arthaḥ
 

Madhusūdana


no commentary up to the verse BhG 14.10
 

Viśvanātha


uktam evārthaṃ saṅkṣepeṇa punar darśayati | sattvaṃ kartṛ sukhe svīya-phale āsaktaṃ jīvaṃ sañjayati vaśīkaroti nibadhnātīty arthaḥ | rajaḥ kartṛ karmāṇi āsaktaṃ jīvaṃ badhnāti | tamaḥ kartṛ pramāde ‚bhirataṃ taṃ jñānam āvṛtya ajñānam utpādyety arthaḥ
 

Baladeva


guṇāḥ svāny advayotkṛṣṭāḥ santaḥ svakārye tanvantīty āha sattvam iti dvābhyām | sattvam utkṛṣṭaṃ sat sva-kārye sukhe puruṣaṃ sañjayaty āsaktaṃ karoti | rajo utkṛṣṭaṃ sat karmāṇi taṃ sañjayati | tama utkṛṣṭaṃ sat pramāde taṃ sañjayati jñānam āvṛtyācchādyājñānam utpādyety arthaḥ
 
 



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