BhG 13.15

bahir antaś ca bhūtānām acaraṃ caram eva ca
sūkṣmatvāt tad avijñeyaṃ dūra-sthaṃ cāntike ca tat

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syntax


tad [jñeyam] (that to be known) bhūtānām (of beings) bahiḥ antaḥ ca [sthitam] (being outside and inside),
acara caram eva ca (non-moving and certainly moving) [asti] (it is),
sūkṣmatvāt (because of being subtle) avijñeyam (unknowable) [asti] (it is),
tat dūra-stham (that which is far away) antike ca (and near) [vartamānam] (that is present).

 

grammar

bahiḥ av.outside;
antaḥ av.inside, within;
ca av.and;
bhūtānām bhūta (bhū – to be) PP 6n.3 m. of beings, of creatures (from: bhūta – been, real, world);
acaram acara 1n.1 n.non-moving [creature] (from: car –to move, to go, cara – moving, living; a-cara – non-moving, not living);
caram cara 1n.1 n.moving [creature] (from: car –to move, to go, cara – moving, living);
eva av.certainly, just, merely;
ca av.and;
sūkṣmatvāt sūkṣmatva abst. 5n.1 n.because of being subtle (from: sūkṣma – subtle, minute, thin, feeble, opposite to: sthūla);
tat tat sn. 1n.1 n.that;
avijñeyam a-vijñeya (vi-jñā – to distinguish) PF 1n.1 n.not to be known, unknowable;
dūra-stham dūra-stha 1n.1 m.yad dūre tiṣṭhati tat which is far away (from: dūra – distant, far, great; sthā – to stand, stha – suffix: being in);
ca av.and;
antike av.close, near (from: anta – the end, limit);
ca av.and;
tat tat sn. 1n.1 n.that;

 

textual variants


bahir → havir (oblation);
ca tat → ca yat (and that which);
 
 



Śāṃkara


kiṃ ca—
bahis tvak-paryantaṃ deham ātmatvenāvidyā-kalpitam apekṣya tam evāvavadhiṃ kṛtvā bahir ucyate | tathā pratyag-ātmānam apekṣya deham evāvadhiṃ kṛtvā antar ucyate | bahir antaś cety ukte madhye’bhāve prāpte, idam ucyate—acaraṃ caram eva ca, yac carācaraṃ dehābhāsam api tad eva jñeyaṃ, yathā rajju-sarpābhāsaḥ |
yady acaraṃ caram eva ca syāt vyavahāra-viṣayaṃ sarvaṃ jñeyam, kim-artham idam iti sarvair na vijñeyaṃ ? ity ucyate—satyaṃ sarvābhāsaṃ tat | tathāpi vyomavat sūkṣmam | ataḥ sūkṣmatvāt svena rūpeṇa taj jñeyam apy avijñeyam aviduṣām | viduṣāṃ tu, ātmaivedaṃ sarvaṃ [bhāvātmauttaṃ 7.25.2] brahmaivedaṃ sarvaṃ [bhāvātmauttaṃ 2.5.1] ity ādi-pramāṇato nityaṃ vijñātam | avijñātatayā dūra-sthaṃ varṣa-sahasra-koṭyāpy aviduṣām aprāpyatvāt | antike ca tat, ātmatvād viduṣām
 

Rāmānuja


pṛthivyādīni bhūtāni parityajyāśarīro bahir vartate; teṣām antaś ca vartate, „jakṣat krīḍan ramamāṇaḥ strībhir vā yānair vā” ityādiśrutisiddhasvacchandavṛttiṣu / acaraṃ caram eva ca svabhāvato ‚caram; caram ca dehitve / sūkṣmatvāt tadavijñeyam evaṃ sarvaśaktiyuktaṃ sarvajñāṃ tad atmatattvam asmin kṣetre vartamānam apy atisūkṣmatvād dehāt pṛthaktvena saṃsāribhir avijñeyam, dūrasthaṃ cāntike ca tad amānitvādyuktaguṇarahitānāṃ viparītaguṇāṇāṃ puṃsāṃ svadehe vartamānam apy atidūrastham, tathā amānitvādiguṇopetānāṃ tad evāntike vartate
 

Śrīdhara


kiṃ ca bahir iti | bhūtānāṃ carācarāṇāṃ svakāryāṇāṃ bahiś cāntaś ca tad eva suvarṇam iva kaṭaka-kuntalādīnām | jala-taraṅgāṇām antar-bahiś ca jalam iva | acaraṃ sthāvaraṃ caraṃ jaṅgamaṃ ca bhūta-jātaṃ tad eva | kāraṇātmatvāt kāryasya | evam api sūkṣmatvād rūpādi-hīnatvād tad avijñeyam idaṃ tad iti spaṣṭaṃ jñānārhaṃ na bhavati | ataevāviduṣāṃ yojana-lakṣāntaritam iva dūrasthaṃ ca | savikārāyāḥ prakṛteḥ paratvāt | viduṣāṃ punaḥ pratyag-ātmatvād antike ca tan nityaṃ sannihitam | tathā ca mantraḥ —
tad ejati tan naijati
tad-dūre tad vāntike |
tad-antarasya sarvasya
tad u sarvasyāsya bāhyataḥ || [Īśopaniṣad 5] iti |
ejati calati naijati na calati | tad u antike iti cchedaḥ
 

Madhusūdana


bhūtānāṃ bhavana-dharmāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ kāryāṇāṃ kalpitānām akalpitam adhiṣṭhānam ekam eva bahir antaś ca rajjur iva sva-kalpitānāṃ sarpa-dhārādīnāṃ sarvātmanā vyāpakam ity arthaḥ | ata evācaraṃ sthāvaraṃ caraṃ ca jañgamaṃ bhūta-jātaṃ tad evādhiṣṭhānātmakatvāt | kalpitānāṃ na tataḥ kiṃcid vyatiricyata ity arthaḥ | evaṃ sarvātmaktve ‚pi sūkṣmtvād rūpādi-hīnatvāt tad-avijñeyam idam evam iti spaṣṭa-jñānārhaṃ na bhavati | ata evātma-jñāna-sādhana-śūnyānāṃ varṣa-sahasra-koṭyāpy aprāpyatvād dūrasthaṃ ca yojana-lakṣa-koṭy-antaritam iva tat | jñāna-sādhana-sampannānāṃ tu antike ca tad atyavyavahitam evātmatvāt | dūrāt sudūre tad ihāntike paśatsv ihaiva nihitaṃ guhāyām [MuṇḍU 3.1.7] ity ādi śrutibhyaḥ
 

Viśvanātha


bhūtānāṃ svakāryāṇāṃ bahiś cāntaś ca yathā dehānām ākāśādikam | acaraṃ sthāvaraṃ caraṃ jaṅgamaṃ ca bhūta-jātaṃ tad eva | kāryasya kāraṇātmakatvāt | evam api rūpādibhinnatvāt tad-avijñeyam idaṃ tad iti spaṣṭaṃ jñānārhaṃ na bhavatīty ata evāviduṣāṃ yojana-koṭy-antaram iva dūrasthaṃ viduṣāṃ punaḥ sva-gṛha-sthitam evāntike ca tat svadeha evāntaryāmitvāt dūrāt sudūre tad ihāntike ca paśyatsv ihaiva nihitaṃ guhāyām [MuṇḍU 3.1.7] ity ādi śrutibhyaḥ
 

Baladeva


bahir iti | bhūtānāṃ cij-jaḍātmakānāṃ tattvānāṃ bahir antaś ca sthitam | antar bahiś ca tat sarvaṃ vyāpya nārāyaṇaḥ sthitaḥ [MNāU 13.5] iti śravaṇāt | acaram acalaṃ caraṃ calaṃ ca āsīno dūraṃ vrajati śayāno yāti sarvataḥ [KaṭhU 1.2.21] iti śruteḥ | sūkṣmatvāt pratyaktvāc cit-sukha-mūrtitvād avijñeyaṃ devatāntaravaj jñātum aśakyam | ato dūrasthaṃ ceti yan manasā na manute na cakṣuṣā paśyati kaścanainam [ŚvetU 4.20] iti śruteḥ | gāndharva-vāsitena śrotreṇa ṣaḍ-jādivad bhakti-bhāvitena karaṇena tu śakyaṃ taj jñātum ity āha antike ca tad iti | manasīvānudraṣṭavyam, kaścid dhīraḥ pratyag-ātmānam aikṣata | bhakti-yoge hi tiṣṭhati [GTU 2.78] ity ādi śravaṇāt | bhaktyā tv ananyayā śakyaḥ [Gītā 11.55] ity ādi smṛteś ca
 
 



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