BhG 1.36
nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrān naḥ kā prītiḥ syāj janārdana
pāpam evāśrayed asmān hatvaitān ātatāyinaḥ
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syntax
he janārdana (O Janārdana!),
dhārtarāṣṭrān (the sons of Dhṛtārāṣṭra) nihatya (after killing), naḥ (our) kā prītiḥ (what delight?) syāt (it would be).
etān (these) ātatāyinaḥ (aggressors) hatvā (after killing),
pāpam eva (certainly evil) asmān (on us) āśrayet (it would lean on).
grammar
| nihatya | – | ni-√han (to kill) absol. – after killing; |
| dhārtarāṣṭrān | – | dhārtarāṣṭra 2n.3 m. – the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (from: dhṛta-rāṣṭra – by whom the kingdom is held, from: √dhṛ – to hold, PP dhṛta – held; rāṣṭra – kingdom); |
| naḥ | – | asmat sn. 6n.3 – our (shortened form of: asmākam); |
| kā | – | kim sn. 1n.1 f. – what?; |
| prītiḥ | – | prīti 1n.1 f. – delight, joy (from: √prī – to please); |
| syāt | – | √as (to be) Pot. P 1v.1 – it would be; |
| janārdana | – | jana-ardana 8n.1 m. – exciting / agitating people, O Janārdana (from: √jan – to be born, to produce, jana – man, people, creature; √ard – to torment, to hurt, ardana – tormenting, destroying) or BV: yo janānām abhadram ardati saḥ – one who destroys inauspiciousness of people; |
| pāpam | – | pāpa 1n.1 n. – evil, sin; |
| eva | – | av. – certainly, just, merely; |
| āśrayet | – | ā-√śri (to adhere, to lean on, to rest on, to depend on) Pot. P 1v.1 – it would lean on; |
| asmān | – | asmat sn. 2n.3 – us; |
| hatvā | – | √han (to kill) absol. – after killing; |
| etān | – | etat sn. 2n.3 m. – these; |
| ātatāyinaḥ | – | ātatāyin 2n.3 m. – aggressors (from: √tan – to spread, ā-tata – spread, drawn; yair ātataṁ dhanur asti tān – those by whom a bow is drawn); agni-do gara-daś caiva śastra-pāṇir dhanāpahaḥ kṣetra-dārāpahārtī ca ṣaḍ ete hi ātatāyinaḥ (Vasiṣṭha 3.19) There are six types of aggressors: one who sets fire, gives poison, attacks with weapons, steals wealth, steals land and abducts another’s wife. ātatāyinam āyāntaṁ hanyād evāvicārayan na ātatāyi-vadhe doṣo hantur bhavati kaścana (Manu 8.350) One should not hesitate to kill even the approaching aggressor, [because] there is no sin in killing the aggressor.[1] |
[1] Both verses cited from the commentary of Śrīdhara.
Śrīdhara
nanu ca agnido garadaś caiva śastra-pāṇir dhanāpahaḥ | kṣetra-dārāpahārī ca ṣaḍ ete hy ātatāyinaḥ || iti smaraṇād agni-dāhādibhiḥ ṣaḍbhir hetubhir ete tāvad ātatāyinaḥ ātatāyināṃ ca vadho yukta eva | ātatāyinam āyāntaṃ hanyād evāvicārayan | nātatāyi-vadhe doṣo hantur bhavati kaścana || iti vacanāt |
tatrāha pāpam evety ādi-sārdhena | ātatāyinam āyāntam ity ādikam artha-śāstram | tac ca dharma-śāstrāt durbalam | yathoktaṃ yājñavalkyena smṛtyor virodhe nyāyas tu balavān vyavahārataḥ | artha-śāstrāt tu balavān dharma-śāstram iti sthitiḥ || iti | tasmād ātatāyinām apy eteṣām ācāryādīnāṃ vadhe ‚smākaṃ pāpam eva bhavet | anyāyyatvād adharmatvāc caitad vadhasya amutra ceha vā na sukhaṃ syād ity āha svajanam iti
Viśvanātha
nanu agnido garadaś caiva śastra-pāṇir dhanāpahaḥ | kṣetra-dārāpahārī ca ṣaḍ ete hy ātatāyinaḥ || iti | ātatāyinam āyāntaṃ hanyād evāvicārayan | nātatāyi-vadhe doṣo hantur bhavati kaścana || ity ādi-vacanād eṣāṃ vadha ucita eveti | tatrāha pāpam iti | etān hatvā sthitān asmān | ātatāyinam āyāntam ity ādikam artha-śāstraṃ dharma-śāstrāt durbalam | yad uktaṃ yājñavalkyena artha-śāstrāt tu balavad dharma-śāstram iti smṛtam || iti | tasmād ācāryādīnāṃ vadhe pāpaṃ syād eva | na caihikaṃ sukham api syād ity āha svajanam iti
Baladeva
nanu agnido garadaś caiva śastra-pāṇir dhanāpahaḥ | kṣetra-dārāpahārī ca ṣaḍ ete hy ātatāyinaḥ || ātatāyinam āyāntaṃ hanyād evāvicārayan | nātatāyi-vadhe doṣo hantur bhavati kaścana || ity ukter eṣāṃ ṣaḍ-vidhyenātatāyināṃ yukto vadha iti cet tatrāha pāpam iti | etān hatvā sthitān asmān pāpam eva bandhu-kṣaya-hetukam āśrayet | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ ātatāyinam āyāntam ity ādikam artha-śāstraṃ mā hiṃsyāt sarva-bhūtāni iti dharma-śāstrāt durbalam | artha-śāstrāt tu balavad dharma-śāstram iti sthitiḥ || iti smṛteḥ | tasmād durbalārtha-śāstra-balena pūjyānāṃ droṇa-bhīṣmādīnāṃ vadhaḥ pāpa-hetur eveti | na ca śreyo ‚nupaśyāmīty ārabhyoktam upasaṃharati tasmād iti | pāpa-sambhavāt | daihika-sukhasyāpy abhāvāc cety arthaḥ | na hi gurubhir bandhu-janaiś ca vināsmākaṃ rājya-bhogaḥ sukhāyāpi tu anutāpāyaiva sampatsyate | he mādhaveti śrīpatis tvam aśrīke yuddhe kathaṃ pravartayasiīti bhāvaḥ
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