BhG 8.18

avyaktād vyaktayaḥ sarvāḥ prabhavanty ahar-āgame
rātry-āgame pralīyante tatraivāvyakta-saṃjñake

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syntax


ahar-āgame (at the arrival of day) avyaktāt (from the unmaifested) sarvāḥ vyaktayaḥ (all manifestations) prabhavanti (they are born).
rātry-āgame (at the arrival of night) tatra eva (just there) avyakta-saṁjñake (into that named unmanifested) pralīyante (they dissolve).

 

grammar

avyaktāt a-vyakta (vi-añj – to decorate, to make visible) PP 5n.1 m.from the unmanifested, invisible, unevolved;
vyaktayaḥ vyakti 1n.3 f.manifestations, appearances, distinctness (from: vi-añj – to decorate, to make visible);
sarvāḥ sarva sn. 1n.3 f.all;
prabhavanti pra-bhū (to spring up from, to produce) Praes. P 1v.3they are born;
ahar-āgame ahar-āgama 7n.1 m.; TP: ahnar āgama itiat the arrival of day (from: ahar / ahan – day; ā-gam – to come, āgama – arrival);
rātry-āgame rātry-āgama 7n.1 m.; TP: rātrer āgama itiat the arrival of night (from: – to grant or ram – to play, to rejoice, rātri – night; ā-gam – to come, āgama – arrival);
pralīyante pra- (to dissolve, to vanish) Praes. Ā 1v.3they dissolve;
tatra av.there (from: tat; indeclinable locative with an ending -tra);
eva av.certainly, just, merely;
avyakta-saṁjñake avyakta-saṁjñaka 7n.1 m.; yasyāvyakto iti saṁjñāstiinto that named unmanifested (from: vi-añj – to decorate, to make visible, PP a-vyakta – unmanifested, invisible, unevolved; sam-jñā – to be of one opinion, to understand, saṁjñā – made known, communicated, called, definied, saṁjñaka – suffix: named);

 

textual variants


avyaktād vyaktayaḥ sarvāḥ avyaktā vyaktayaḥ sarvāḥ (all manifested nad unmanifested);
prabhavanty → pralayaṁti (they dissolve);
avyakta-saṁjñake → avyakta-saṁjñike (into that named unmanifested);
 
 



Śāṃkara


prajāpater ahani yad bhavati rātrau ca, tad ucyate—

avyaktād avyaktaṃ prajāpateḥ svāpāvasthā | tasmād avyaktād vyaktayo vyajyanta iti vyaktayaḥ sthāvara-jaṅgama-lakṣaṇāḥ sarvāḥ prajāḥ prabhavanty abhivyajyante, ahna āgamo’har-āgamas tasmin ahar-āgame kāle brahmaṇaḥ prabodha-kāle | tathā rātry-āgame brahmaṇaḥ svāpa-kāle pralīyante sarvā vyaktayas tatraiva pūrvokte’vyakta-saṃjñake

 

Rāmānuja


commentary under the verse BhG 8.19

 

Śrīdhara


tatra kim ? ata āha avyaktād iti | kāryasyāvyaktaṃ rūpaṃ kāraṇātmakam | tasmād avyaktāt kāraṇa-rūpād vyajyanta iti vyaktayaś carācarāṇi bhūtāni prādurbhavanti | kadā ? ahar-āgame brahmaṇo dinasyopakrame | tathā rātrer āgame brahma-śayane | tasminn evāvyakta-saṃjñake kāraṇa-rūpe pralayaṃ yānti | yad vā te ‚horātra-vida ity etan na vidhīyante | kintu te prasiddhā ahorātra-vido janā brahmaṇo yad ahar vidus tasyāhna āgame ‚vyaktād vyaktayaḥ prabhavanti | yāṃ ca rātriṃ vidus tasyā rātrer āgame pralīyante iti dvayor anvayaḥ

 

Madhusūdana


yathoktair aho-rātraiḥ pakṣam āsādi-gaṇanayā pūrṇaṃ varṣa-śataṃ prajāpateḥ paramāyur iti kāla-paricchinnatvenānityo ‚sau | tena tal-lokāt punar-āvṛtti-yuktaiva | ye tu tato ‚rvācīnās teṣāṃ tad ahar-mātra-paricchinnatvāt tat-tal-lokebhyaḥ punar-āvṛttir iti kim u vaktavyam ity āha avyaktād iti | atra dainandina-sṛṣṭi-pralayor eva vaktum upakrāntatvāt tatra cākāśādīnāṃ sattvād avyakta-śabdenākhyākṛtāvasthā nocyate | kintu prajāpateḥ svāpāvasthaiva | svāpāvasthaḥ prajāpatir iti yāvat | ahar-āgame prajāpateḥ prabodha-samaye ‚vyaktāt tat-svāpāvasthā-rūpād vyaktayaḥ śarīra-viṣayādi-rūpā bhoga-bhūtayaḥ prabhavanti vyavahāra-kṣamatayā ‚bhivyajyante | rātry-āgame tasya svāpa-kāle pūrvoktāḥ sarvā api vyaktayaḥ pralīyante tiro-bhavanti yata āvirbhūtās tatraivāvyakta-saṃjñake kāraṇe prāg-ukte svāpāvasthe prajāpatau

 

Viśvanātha


ye tu tato ‚rvācīnās triloka-sthās teṣāṃ tu tasyāhany ahany api pāta ity āha avyaktād iti | atra dainandina-sṛṣṭi-pralayayor ākāśādīnāṃ sattvād avyakta-śabdena svāpāvasthaḥ prajāpatir evocyate iti madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāḥ | tataś ca avyaktāt svāpāvasthāt prajāpateḥ sakāśād vyaktayaḥ śarīra-viṣayādi-rūpā bhoga-bhūmayo bhavanti vyavahāra-kṣamāḥ syuḥ | rātry-āgame tasya svāpa-kāle pralīyante tasminn eva tirobhavanti

 

Baladeva


ye tu tasmād arvācīnās trilokī-vartinas teṣāṃ brahmaṇo dine pātaḥ syād ity āha avyaktād iti | ahar-āgame brahmaṇo jāgara-samaye avyaktāt svāpāvasthāt tasmāt sarvā śarīrendriya-bhogya-bhoga-sthāna-rūpā vyaktayaḥ prabhavanty utpadyante | rātry-āgame tasya svāpa-samaye tatraiva brahmaṇy avyakta-saṃjñake svāpāvasthe kāraṇe tāḥ pralīyante tirobhavanti | atrāvyakta-śabdena pradhānaṃ nābhidheyaṃ dainandina-sṛṣṭi-pralayayor upakramāt | tadā viyad-ādīnāṃ sthitatvāc ca | kintu svāpāvastho brahmaiva tasyārthaḥ

 
 




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