BhG 8.25

dhūmo rātris tathā kṛṣṇaḥ ṣaṇ-māsā dakṣiṇāyanam
tatra cāndra-masaṃ jyotir yogī prāpya nivartate

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syntax


dhūmaḥ (smoke) rātriḥ (night) tatha kṛṣṇaḥ (also dark [fortnight]) ṣaṇ-māsāḥ dakṣiṇāyanam (six months of the southern path),
tatra (here) yogī (a yogī) cāndramasam jyotiḥ (light of the Moon) prāpya (after obtaining) nivartate (he returns).

 

grammar

dhūmaḥ dhūma 1n.1 m.smoke (from: dhū – to shake, to kindle);
rātriḥ rātri 1n.1 f.night (from: – to grant or ram – to play, to rejoice);
tathā av.in that manner, so, in like manner;
kṛṣṇaḥ kṛṣṇa 1n.1 m.black, dark, dark fortnight (kṛṣṇa-pakṣa – half the month when the Moon wanes);
ṣaṇ-māsāḥ ṣaṇ-māsa 1n.3 m.six months (from: ṣaṭ / ṣaṣ – six; mās – Moon, month, māsa – month);
dakṣiṇāyanam dakṣiṇa-ayaṇa 1n.1 n.the southern path [of the Sun], from summer to winter solstice (from: dakṣiṇa – right, southern, gift, walking round as a sign of respect; ayana – a path, course);
tatra av.there (from: tat; indeclinable locative with an ending -tra);
cāndramasam cāndra-masa 1n.1 n.pertaining to the Moon (from: candramas – Moon);
jyotiḥ jyotiḥ 1n.1 n.light, brightness, fire, eye;
yogī yogin 1n.1 m.a yogī, engaged (yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage, yoga – yoga, yoking, application, a means, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy);
prāpya pra-āp (to obtain) absol.after obtaining;
nivartate ni-vṛt (to stop, to turn back) Praes. Ā 1v.1he returns;

 

textual variants


kṛṣṇaḥ → kṛṣṇā (dark);
dhūmo rātris tathā kṛṣṇaḥ → dhūmaḥ kṛṣṇas tathā rātriḥ (smoke, dark fortnight, also night);
nivartate → na muhyati (he does not get bewildered);
 
 



Śāṃkara


dhūmo rātrir dhūmābhimāninī rātry-abhimāninī ca devatā | tathā kṛṣṇaḥ kṛṣṇa-pakṣa-devatā | ṣaṇ-māsā dakṣiṇāyanam iti ca pūrvavat devataiva | tatra candramasi bhavaṃ cāndramasaṃ jyotiḥ phalam iṣṭādi-kārī yogī karmī prāpya bhuktvā tat-kṣayād iha punar nivartate

 

Rāmānuja


etac ca dhūmādimārgasthapitṛlokādeḥ pradarśanam / atra yogiśabdaḥ puṇyakarmasaṃbandhiviṣayaḥ

 

Śrīdhara


āvṛtti-mārgam āha dhūma iti | dhūmo dhūmābhimāninī devatā | rātry-ādi-śabdaiś ca pūrvavad eva rātri-kṛṣṇa-pakṣa-dakṣiṇāyana-rūpa-ṣaṇ-māsābhimāninyas tisro devatā upalakṣyante | etābhir devatābhir upalakṣito yo mārgas tatra prayātaḥ karma-yogī cāndramasaṃ jyotis tad-upalakṣitaṃ svarga-lokaṃ prāpya tatreṣṭāpūrta-karma-phalaṃ bhuktvā punar āvartate | tatrāpi śrutiḥ-te dhūmam abhi sambhavanti dhūmād rātriṃ rātrer apakṣīyamāṇa-pakṣam apakṣīyamāṇa-pakṣād yān ṣaṇmāsān dakṣiṇāditya eti māsebhyaḥ pitṛ-lokaṃ pitṛ-lokāt candraṃ te candraṃ prāpya annaṃ bhavanti iti | tad evaṃ nivṛtti-karma-sahitopāsanayā krama-muktiḥ kāmya-karmabhiś ca svarga-bhogānantaram āvṛttiḥ | niṣiddha-karmabhis tu naraka-bhogānāntaram āvṛttiḥ | kṣudra-karmaṇāṃ tu jantūnām atraiva punaḥ punar janmeti draṣṭavyam

 

Madhusūdana


deva-yāna-mārgastuty-arthaṃ pitṛ-yāna-mārgam āha dhūma iti | atrāpi dhūma iti dhūmābhimāninī devatā rātrir iti rātry-abhimāninī kṛṣṇa iti kṛṣṇa-pakṣābhimāninī | ṣaṇmāsā dakṣiṇāyanam iti dakṣiṇāyanābhimāninī lakṣyate etad apy anyāsāṃ śruty-uktānām upalakṣaṇam | tathā hi śrutiḥ — te dhūmam abhi sambhavanti dhūmād rātriṃ rātrer apara-pakṣam apara-kṣīyamāṇa-pakṣād yān ṣaḍ-dakṣiṇaiti māsāṃs tān anite saṃvatsaram abhiprāpnuvanti māsebhyaḥ pitṛ-lokaṃ pitṛ-lokād ākāśam ākāśāc candramasam eṣa somo rājā tad-devānām annaṃ taṃ devā bhakṣayanti tasmin yāvat saṃpātam uṣitvāthaitam evādhvyānaṃ punar nivartante iti | tatra tasmin pathi prayātāś cāndramasaṃ jyotiḥ phalaṃ yogī karma-yogīṣṭāpūrta-datta-kārī prāpya yāvat-sampātam uṣitvā nivartate | sampataty aneneti sampātaḥ karma | tasmād etasmād āvṛtti-mārgād anāvṛtti-mārgaḥ śreyān ity arthaḥ

 

Viśvanātha


karmiṇām āvṛtti-mārgam āha dhūma iti | dhūmābhimāninī devatā | rātry-ādi-śabdaiś ca pūrvavad eva tat-tad-abhimāninyas tisro devatā lakṣyante | etābhir devatābhir upalakṣito yo mārgas tatra prayātaḥ karma-yogī cāndramasaṃ jyotis tad-upalakṣitaṃ svarga-lokaṃ prāpya karma-phalaṃ bhuktvā nivartate

 

Baladeva


athāvṛtti-patham āha dhūmo rātrir iti | tatrāpi pūrvavat dhūma-rātri-kṛṣṇa-pakṣa-ṣaṇmāsātmaka-dakṣiṇāyanānām abhimānino devā lakṣyāḥ | saṃvatsara-pitṛ-lokākāśa-candramasāṃ śruty-uktānām upalakṣaṇam etat | chāndogyāḥ paṭhanti – atha ya ime grāma iṣṭā-pūrte dattam ity upāsate te dhūmam abhisambhavanti | dhūmād rātriṃ rātrer apara-pakṣam apara-pakṣādyān ṣaḍ-dakṣiṇaiti māsāṃs tān naite saṃvatsaram abhiprāpnuvanti || māsebhyaḥ pitṛ-lokaṃ pitṛ-lokād ākāśam ākāśāc candramasam eṣa somo rājā tad devānām annaṃ taṃ devā bhakṣayanti | tasmin yavāt saṃpātam uṣitvāthaitam evādhvānaṃ punar nivartante (5.10.3-5) iti |

tathā ca dhūmādibhiḥ pareśa-nideśasthair aṣṭabhir devaiḥ pālitena pathā kāmya-karmiṇaś candra-lokaṃ pāpya bhoga-kṣaye sati tasmāt punar nivartanta iti

 
 



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