BhG 8.19

bhūta-grāmaḥ sa evāyaṃ bhūtvā bhūtvā pralīyate
rātry-āgamevaśaḥ pārtha prabhavaty ahar-āgame

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syntax


he pārtha (O son of Pṛthā!),
ayam sa eva (just this) bhūta-grāmaḥ (multitude of beings) bhūtvā bhūtvā (after being manifested again and again)
rātry-āgame (at the arrival of night) pralīyate (it dissolves),
ahar-āgame (at the arrival of day) [punaḥ ayam] (again it) avaśaḥ (helplessly) prabhavati (it is born).

 

grammar

bhūta-grāmaḥ bhūta-grāma 1n.1 m.; TP: bhūtānāṁ grāma itimultitude of beings (from: bhū – to be, PP bhūta – been, real, world; grāma – collection, multitude, village);
saḥ tat sn. 1n.1 m.this;
eva av.certainly, just, merely;
ayam idam sn. 1n.1 m.that;
bhūtvā bhūtvā bhū (to be) absol. after becoming, after becoming (double means continuous);
pralīyate pra- (to dissolve, to vanish) Praes. Ā 1v.1it dissolves;
rātry-āgame rātry-āgama 7n.1 m.; TP: rātrer āgama itiat the arrival of night (from: – to grant or ram – to play, to rejoice, rātri – night; ā-gam – to come, āgama – arrival);
avaśaḥ avaśa 1n.1 m. unwillingly, helplessly (from: vaś – to desire, to subjugate, to command, vaśa – wish, power, control, dominion);
pārtha pārtha 8n.1 m.O son of Pṛthā (from: pṛth – to extend, pṛthā – Kuntī, mother of the sons of Pāṇḍu);
prabhavati pra-bhū (to spring up from, to produce) Praes. P 1v.1it is born;
ahar-āgame ahar-āgama 1.7 m.; TP: ahnar āgama itiat the arrival of day (from: ahar / ahan – day; ā-gam – to come, āgama – arrival);

 

textual variants


evāyaṁ → evāhaṁ (I indeed);
bhūtvā bhūtvāevaṁ bhūtvā (thus after becoming);
rātry-āgame ‚vaśaḥrātry-āgame ‘vaśaṁ (at the arrival of night helplessly);
prabhavati → prabhavaṁti (they are born);
 
 



Śāṃkara


akṛtābhyāgama-kṛta-vipraṇāśa-doṣa-parihārārthaṃ bandha-mokṣa-śāstra-pravṛtti-sāphalya-pradarśanārtham avidyādi-kleśa-mūla-karmāśaya-vaśāc cāvaśo bhūta-grāmo bhūtvā bhūtvā pralīyata ity ataḥ saṃsāre vairāgya-pradarśanārthaṃ cedam āha—

bhūta-grāmo bhūta-samudāyaḥ sthāvara-jaṅgama-lakṣaṇo yaḥ pūrvasmin kalpa āsīt sa evāyaṃ nānyaḥ | bhūtvā bhūtvāhar-āgame | pralīyate punaḥ punaḥ rātry-āgame’hnaḥ kṣaye’vaśo’svatantra eva | he pārtha | prabhavati jāyate’vaśa evāhar-āgame

 

Rāmānuja


brahmalokaparyantānāṃ lokānāṃ tadantarvartināṃ ca paramapuruṣasaṅkalpakṛtām utpattivināśakālavyavasthām āha

ye manuṣyādicaturmukhāntānāṃ matsaṅkalpakṛtāhorātravyavasthāvido janāḥ, te brahmaṇaś caturmukhasya yad ahaḥ tac caturyugasahasrāvasānaṃ viduḥ, rātriṃ ca tathārūpām / tatra brahmaṇo ‚harāgamasamaye trailokyāntarvartinyo dehendriyabhogyabhogasthānarūpā vyaktaś caturmukhadehāvasthād avyaktāt prabhavanti / tatraiva avyaktāvasthāviśeṣe caturmukhadehe rātryāgamasamaye pralīyante / sa evāyaṃ karmavaśyo bhūtagrāmo ‚harāgame bhūtvā bhutvā rātryāgame pralīyate / punar apy aharāgame prabhavati / tathā varṣatāvasānarūpayugasahasrānte brahmalokaparyantā lokāḥ brahmā ca, „pṛthivyapsu pralīyate āpastejasi līyante” ityādikrameṇa avyaktākṣaratamaḥparyantaṃ mayy eva pralīyante / evaṃ madvyatiriktasya kṛtsnasya kālavyavasthayā matta utpatteḥ mayi pralayāc cotpattivināśayogitvam avarjanīyam ity aiśvaryagatiṃ prāptānāṃ punarāvṛttir aparihāryā / mām upetānāṃ tu na punarāvṛttiprasaṅgaḥ

 

Śrīdhara


atra ca kṛta-nāśākṛtābhyāgama-śaṅkāṃ vārayan vairāgyārthaṃ sṛṣṭi-praylaya-pravāhasyāvicchedaṃ darśayati bhūta-grāma iti | bhūtānāṃ carācara-prāṇinām | grāmaḥ samūhaḥ | yaḥ prāg āsīt sa evāyam ahar-āgame bhūtvā bhūtvā rātrer āgame pralīyante pralīya pralīya punar apy ahar-āgame ‚vaśaḥ karmādi-paratantraḥ san prabhavati nānya ity arthaḥ

 

Madhusūdana


evam āśu-vināśitve ‚pi saṃsāra-stha na nivṛttiḥ kleśa-karmādibhir avaśatayā punaḥ punaḥ prādurbhāvāt prādurbhūtasya ca punaḥ kleśādi-vaśenaiva tirobhāvāt | saṃsāre viparivartamānānāṃ sarveṣām api prāṇinām asvātantryād avaśānām eva janma-maraṇādi-duḥkha-prabandha-sambandhād alam anena saṃsāreṇeti-vairāgyotpatty-arthaṃ samāna-nāma-rūpatvena ca punaḥ punaḥ prādurbhāvāt kṛta-nāśākṛtābhyāgama-parihārārthaṃ cāha bhūta-grāma iti | bhūta-grāmo bhūta-samudāyaḥ sthāvara-jaṅgama-lakṣaṇo yaḥ pūrvasmin kalpe sthitaḥ sa evāyam etasmin kalpe jāyamāno ‚pi na tu pratikalpam anyo ‚nyac ca | asat-kārya-vādānabhyupagamāt |

sūryā-candramasau dhātā yathā-pūrvam akalpayat |
divaṃ ca pṛthivīṃ cāntarikṣam atho suvaḥ || iti śruteḥ | (MahānārāyaṇaU 1.65)

samāna-nāma-rūpatvād āvṛttāv apy avirodhau darśanāt smṛteś ca (Vs 1.3.30) iti nyāyāc ca | avaśa ity avidyā-kāma-karmādi-paratantraḥ | he pārtha spaṣṭam itarat

 

Viśvanātha


evam eva bhūtānāṃ carācara-prāṇināṃ grāmaḥ samūhaḥ

 

Baladeva


ye pralīnās te punar na bhaviṣyantīti kṛta-hānyākṛtābhyāgama-śaṅkā syāt tāṃ nirasyann āha bhūteti | bhūta-grāmaḥ sthira-cara-prāṇi-samūho ‚vaśaḥ karmādhīnaḥ san tathā cedṛśa-janma-mṛtyu-pravāha-saṅkule prapañce ‚smin vivekināṃ vairāgyaṃ yuktam ity uktam

 
 



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